03-选择性必修第二册Unit-4基础练习(人教版2019)

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修二Unit4JourneyacrossaVastLandⅠ.单句语法填空1.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthan__________(anticipate).2.(2020·浙江高考)Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.Polarbears—likeallwildanimals—should__________(photograph)fromasafedistance.

3.(2019·北京高考)Sincehefirststartedvolunteeringhiscartotheyoungpeople,Wilsonhascoveredan__________(astonish)64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.4.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Still,mostofusvolunteers__________(breath)asighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.5.(2019·天津高考)Submitafirstdraftofyouressay,performancescript,ordocumentary__________(highlight).Ⅱ.完成句子1.__________________,smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.

正相反,智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间而且还对我们的健康有害。2.Seeingtheirfavoritestarcomein,__________________看到最喜欢的明星进来了,这些忠实的粉丝立马从座位上站了起来。3.__________________hissonhadbeencaughtcheatingintheexams.

他的儿子考试作弊被抓住了,这使他大为吃惊。4.He__________________hisfirstteacherofEnglishthathehadagoodpronunciation.

他良好的发音归功于他的第一位英语老师。5.__________________todayChineseisoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworld.

毫无疑问,汉语是当今世界上最重要的语言之一。Ⅲ.语法填空FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese1.__________(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners2.__________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap3.__________canbetoeatout.Istillremember4.__________(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI5.__________(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.

Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto6.__________(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe7.__________(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven8._______(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein9.__________(weigh)problems.

Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome10._______dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.IV.阅读理解ASciencefictionpaintsafuturewhererobotsplayanimportantpartineverydaylife.AtechnologyfirmistryingtomakethatfuturearealitytodaywithanaffordablerobotcalledArtibo.Artiboissmall.Itsbrain,orAIblock,isacube(立方体)thatfitsinyourhand.Thatblockconnectstoamotorblockandtwosiliconwheels.Assembled,it’saboutfourinchestall.Artiboismuchmorethanjustarobotthatyouprogramtomovearound.Artibo’sdesignerswantittoprovidecompanionshipandbearesourceforlearningcoding.Withitscamera,microphoneandconnectiontoacloud-basedAI,itcanrespondtovoicecommandsorfunctionlikeawalkie-talkie(对讲机).Ittalkslikeachatbotandcantellbedtimestories.Itcanevenhelpyoulearnotherlanguages!Artiboisn’tquitereadyforstoresyet,though.It’spartofacrowdfundingproject.Crowdfundingisaprogramwhereyouputarequestonlinetoacrowdofpeople.Supporterscanthenpaylargeorsmallamountstohelpyoufinishaproject.Artibowillfirstbeavailabletopeoplewhohavepaidtohelpbringitintoproduction.Usingcomputercodetoprogramyourowntoysisnothingnew.LEGOfirstreleasedarobotkitin1998.Sincethen,programmablerobotshavebecomeoneofthebest-sellingunitsintheLEGOproductline.Programmingrobotsmightsoundcomparabletorocketscience,butanyonecanprogramoneusingnothingmorethanatabletorasmartphoneandcodeblocks.Codeblocksallowyoutoprogramsimpleorcomplexcommandsbyassemblingvisualblocksofcodeonthecanvas(画布)ofacomputerscreen.Justdraganddropavarietyofcodeblocksfromaprogrammingmenulinkthemtogether,andwatchhowyourrobotresponds.InArtibo’scasecodingdoesn’tstopthere.Unlikeothersimilarprogrammabletoys,Artibowillalsoallowyoutowriteyourowncode.Soasyourfamiliaritywithcodingincreases,youwon’tloseinterestinArtibo.1.Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeofdevelopingArtibois______.

A.helpingpeoplelearnanythingtheywantandprovidingcompanionshipB.providingarobotthatcanmove,accompanyandhelppeoplelearncodingC.chattingwithpeople,tellingbedtimestoriesandsupplyinglanguagesD.helpingpeopleraisemoneyonlineandcreatingprogrammablerobots2.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Programmingrobotsisnotreallycomplicated.B.Programmingrobotsisadvancedlikearocket.C.Programmingrobotscanbeusedinsmartphones.D.Programmingrobotsusedintoysisnotnewatall.3.Thepassageimpliesthat______.

A.peoplecanprogramvariousordersevenwithoutcodeblocksB.anyonecancontrolArtibofreelyunlikeotherprogrammingtoysC.themorefamiliaryou’rewithcoding,themoreyou’lllikeArtiboD.artiboispopularintheworldespeciallyamongyoungpeopleBForseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbyregulatedindustriesandlibertarianthinktanks(自由主义智囊团)whoseinterestsandbeliefsarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings,fromthestructureoftheuniversetotherelativityoftimeandspace.Quotingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Whatistypicallydeclaredtobethescientificmethod—developasupposition,thendesignanexperimenttotestit—isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventedandoldonesgetabandoned.Thescientificmethoddoesn’talwayswork.Falsetheoriescanproducetrueresults,soevenifanexperimentworks,itdoesn’tprovethatthetheoryitwasdesignedtotestistrue.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethodthenwhatistheguaranteefortrustinscience?Theansweristhemethodsbywhichthoseclaimsareevaluated.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalongprocessofexaminationbyfellowscientists.Untilthispoint,scientificfeedbackistypicallyfairlyfriendly.Butthenextstepisdifferent:oncethepaperisready,itispresentedtoascientificjournal,wherethingsgetawholelottougher.Editorsdeliberatelysendscientificpaperstopeoplewhoarenotfriendsorcolleaguesoftheauthors,andthejobofthereviewersistofinderrorsorotherinadequacies.Wecallthisprocess“peerreview”becausethereviewersarescientificpeersbuttheyactintheroleofasuperiorwhohasboththerightandtheobligationtofindfault.Itisonlyafterthereviewersandtheeditoraresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixedthatthepaperisacceptedforpublicationandentersthebodyof“science.”Doesthisprocessevergowrong?Ofcourse.Scientistsarehuman.Butifwelookcarefullyathistoricalcaseswheresciencewentwrong,typicallytherewasnoagreementreachedbyall.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds”.Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical(矛盾的):thatscienceproducesbothnovelty(新颖性)andstability.Newobservations,ideas,interpretationsintroducenovelty:transformativequestioningleadstocollectivedecisionsandthestabilityofscientificknowledge.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.1.Distrustinsciencehasbeenfoundbecause______.

A.scientists’citingsuccessesisn’tpersuasiveformanypeopletosomeextentB.mostscientistshavetendedtolaytoomuchemphasisonthesuccessofscienceC.awide-rangingandorganizedcampaignhasbeenfoundedinsomeindustriesandthinktanksD.someone’sbenefitsandbeliefsareendangeredbythefindingsofmodernscience2.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthoragreewithaboutascientificmethod?A.Ascientificmethoddoesn’tnecessarilytakeeffectbecausescienceischanging.B.Ascientificmethodisnotrightbecauseitisn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.C.Asuccessfulexperimentcanguaranteethetruthfulnessofaclaimbyascientificmethod.D.Truetheoriescanproducefalseresultsbecausethescientificmethoddoesn’twork.3.Whatpurposedoes“peerreview”inevaluatingascientificclaimmainlyserve?A.Thescientificclaimcanbecompletelyacceptedbythereviewersinthesamefield.B.Thescientificpeerscandrawrightconclusionsbyfindingitsfaultsorotherinadequacies.C.Thescientificclaimcanbepublishedandrecognizedastrueinscience.D.Thescientificpapercanbesuccessfullysubmittedtoascientificjournal.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.

A.notalltheclaimsaboutthefalsehoodofwell-establishedscienceleadtoitsbeingoverturnedB.itisinevitablethatsciencesometimesgoeswrongbecauseitappearsparadoxicalC.thebeautyofscienceliesintheparadoxofbeingbothnovelandstableD.scienceisnottrustfulbecausescientistsalwayschangetheirmindsV.七选五Friendsshouldalwaysbehonestwithyou,right?Sowhentheylie,itcanbereallyhardtotake.Youwanttotrustyourfriendsandthatmeansknowingthatthey’lltellittoyoustraightnomatterwhatitis.1Whydoesthishappen?

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Oneofthebiggestreasonsfriendslieissimplytoavoidhurtingyourfeelings.Somepeopledon’tunderstandthedifferencebetweenbeinggentlyhonestwithafriendandbeingsostraightforwardthattheyleaveaverbalwound.Theychoosetoavoidthesetwoextremesintheformofalie.Theyfeelembarrassed.Sometimesfriendswilllieaboutthingsintheirlifebecausetheyaretooembarrassedtoadmitthetruth.Maybetheyaregoingthrougharoughtimeandtheyjustdon’twantyoutoknowaboutit.Avoidtryingtobadger(纠缠)yourfriendsintotellingyouwhat’swrong.3

Avoidanargumentwithyou.Perhapsyourfriendsknowthatiftheytellyouthetruth,you’llgetangrywiththem.Makesurethatifafriendtellsyousomethingunpleasant,youdon’toveract.4Ifyoudoenduparguing,doitinarespectableway.

Excludeyou.Lyingisn’talwaysasignthatfriendsaretryingtoprotectyou,however.5Whenyoufindoutwithcertaintythatyourfriendislyingtoyou,tryandfaceit.Ifyoufeelyourfriendislyingbecauseheorshedoesn’twanttobearoundyou,that’syourwake-uptomoveon.

A.Protectyourfeelings.B.Theywanttobeyourcloserfriends.C.Butafriendwholiesisn’talwaystryingtohurtyou.D.Considerwhat’sbeingsaidandwhyyourfriendistellingyouthis.E.Beinghonestandmakingasincereeffortcankeepthefriendshipstrong.F.Sometimestheyliebecausetheydon’twantyoutobeincludedintheirplans.G.Instead,makeitclearthatyouarethereforthemwhenandiftheyarereadytotalk.VI.完形填空Haveyouevertraveledaroundbybike?ThisspringmyolderbrotherandI1thebusycityandspentalongweekendcyclinginthecountryside.Ourspeedwasonlyaround14kph,butwedidn’t2.Wehadn’tcometobreakanyspeedrecords,afterall.Allwewantedweresome3airandabreakfromschoolwork.

Wereally4ourselveswhilecyclingalongtraffic-freecountrypaths.Therewasplentyofsunshine,butitwasquitecold,5inthemornings.Thegoodnewswasthatsoonwe6aswerodealong.Ouronly7waswhenmybrakesstartedmakingaterriblenoise.ButIdidn’tcareasitgaveusan8tovisitacaféwhileabikemechanic(机修工)hadalookatit.

Everyfewkilometrestherewasa9wherewecouldtalkwithlocalpeople.Oneofthewomenwasvery10andshowedusthewaywhenwegotlost.OnSaturdaynightwewere11at2a.m.bysomeyoungpeople.Theykeptsingingloudlyinthenextroom,whichmadeussleeplessallnight.Wefeltvery12whenwegotupthenextmorning.Soonwe13.Weweremorecheerfulonthewaywhenthesuncameout.Luckily,thingslikethathappenedonlyonce.AnywayIstillliketravelingaroundbybike—it’s14andit’sfun.Ifyou’relookingforashortbreakthat’sactiveandcheap,thencyclingisagreat15!

1.A.leftB.visitedC.foundD.reached2.A.regret B.mind C.fail D.realize3.A.fresh B.thin C.cool D.dry4.A.hurt B.hated C.changed D.enjoyed5.A.probably B.especiallyC.specially D.immediately6.A.cameback B.gaveupC.warmedup D.calmeddown7.A.wish B.problem C.decision D.memory8.A.order B.opinionC.excuse D.explanation9.A.city B.lake C.school D.village10.A.friendly B.honestC.stupid D.nervous11.A.saved B.paid C.woken D.greeted12.A.shy B.busy C.bored D.tired13.A.setoff B.calledbackC.settleddownD.brokedown14.A.true B.simpleC.difficult D.dangerous15.A.goal B.dream C.result D.choice参考答案Ⅰ.1.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated(anticipate).2.Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.Polarbears—likeallwildanimals—shouldbephotographed(photograph)fromasafedistance.

3.Sincehefirststartedvolunteeringhiscartotheyoungpeople,Wilsonhascoveredanastonishing(astonish)64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.4.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreathe(breath)asighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.5.Submitafirstdraftofyouressay,performancescript,ordocumentaryhighlights(highlight).Ⅱ.1.Onthecontrary,smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.

2.Seeingtheirfavoritestarcomein,thedevotedfansarosefromtheirseatsimmediately.

3.Whatastonishedhimwasthathissonhadbeencaughtcheatingintheexams.

4.HeowedittohisfirstteacherofEnglishthathehadagoodpronunciation.

5.ThereisnodoubtthattodayChineseisoneofthemostimportantlanguagesintheworld.

Ⅲ.【文章大意】因为做饭麻烦,所以很多人到饭馆吃饭,但经常这样不仅浪费钱,还容易发胖,导致健康问题。1.dishes。考查名词复数。此处用名词复数泛指中国菜。2.who/that。考查定语从句。先行词指人,故用who/that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。3.it。考查代词。it作形式主语,不定式toeatout为真正的主语。4.visiting。考查非谓语动词。rememberdoingsth.“记得做过某事”,为固定搭配。5.wasshocked。考查时态和语态。此处动作与后面的whenIlearnt...发生时间一致,应为过去时;I和shock之间为被动关系,指“我”感到震惊,故此处为过去时的被动语态。6.havebecome。考查时态。根据后面的时间状语inrecentyears可知,此处应该用现在完成时。7.affordable。考查词性转换。根据语境可知此处作表语,所以要用形容词形式。8.higher。考查形容词比较级。根据even可判断,此处要用形容词的比较级,表示付出比钱更高的代价。9.weight。考查词性转换。表示体重方面的问题,要用名词作定语。10.for。考查介词。此处goto...for...构成搭配,表示目的。IV.A1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中Artiboismuchmorethanjustarobotthatyouprogramtomovearound.Artibo’sdesignerswantittoprovidecompanionshipandbearesourceforlearningcoding.阿蒂博不仅仅是一个你可以随意移动的机器人。阿蒂博的设计者希望它能提供陪伴,并成为学习编程的资源。可知阿蒂博机器人不仅能移动,也能提供陪伴,帮助学习编程。故选B项。2.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中Programmingrobotsmightsoundcomparabletorocketscience,butanyonecanprogramoneusingnothingmorethanatabletorasmartphoneandcodeblocks.编程机器人可能听起来像火箭科学,但任何人都可以用平板电脑或智能手机和代码块为机器人编程。可知,编程机器人真的并不复杂。故选A项。3.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Unlikeothersimilarprogrammabletoys,Artibowillalsoallowyoutowriteyourowncode.Soasyourfamiliaritywithcodingincreases,youwon’tloseinterestinArtibo.与其他类似的可编程玩具不同,阿蒂博还允许你编写自己的代码。因此,随着你对编码的熟悉程度的增加,你不会对阿蒂博失去兴趣。可知,你对编码越熟悉,就越喜欢阿蒂博。故选C项。B1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,几十年来,有一个广泛的、有组织的运动,目的是产生对科学的不信任,由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助,他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁。由此可知,人们发现对科学的不信任是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁,故D项正确。2.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scienceisactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventedandoldonesgetabandoned.Thescientificmethoddoesn’talwayswork.”科学是活跃的,新方法被发明,旧方法被抛弃,所以科学的方法并不总是有效的。可知,作者可能会同意“科学方法不一定有效,因为科学正在发生变化”这一说法,故A项正确。3.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后两句“我们称这个过程为同行评审,因为评审人员是科学上的同行,但是他们扮演着上级的角色,有权利也有义务找出错误,只有在审稿人和编辑满意之后,任何问题都得到了解决,论文才会被接受发表并进入科学领域。”可知,在评估一项科学声明时,同行评审的主要目的是说明这一科学论断可以在科学领域上发表并被认为是正确的,故C项正确。4.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.”虽然真正解决的科学被推翻的例子比有时声称的要少得多,但它们确实存在。可知,并非所有关于公认科学的谬误的说法都会导致它被推翻,故A项正确。V.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了朋友对你说谎的四种原因并给出了对应的处理办法。1.【解析】选C。根据后文Whydoesthishappen?为什么会这样?结合后文分析了朋友对你撒谎的原因可知,说谎的朋友并不总是试图伤害你。故选C。2.【解析】选A。根据本段第一句Oneofthebiggestreasonsfriendslieissimplytoavoidhurtingyourfeelings.句意:朋友说谎的最大原因之一就是避免伤害你的感情。由此可知,本段说明了朋友撒谎是为了保护你的感受。故选A。3.【解析】选G。根据上文Avoidtryingtobadgeryourfriendsintot