2022高考英语天津市和平区一轮短文改错和阅理类选练及参考答案1

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Adifferentsortofgenerationgapisdevelopingintheworkplace.Someone---specificallythefather-daughterteamofLarryandMeaganJohnson---hasfiguredoutthatonsomeAmericanjobsites,fivegenerationsareworkingsidebyside.Intheirnewbookaboutgenerationsintheworkplacethepairarguethatwhilesuchanagedifferenceaddsalotoftextureandavarietyoflifeexperiences,itcanalsobringtensionsandconflicts.TheJohnsonsarehuman-resourcetrainersandpublicspeakers.DadLarryisaformerhealth-careexecutive;daughterMeaganisaonetimehigh-levelsalesmanager.Herearetheoldestandyoungestofthefivegenerationstheyidentify:TheycalltheoldestgroupTraditionals,bornbefore1945.TheywereheavilyinfluencedbythelessonsoftheGreatDepressionandWorldWarTwo.Theyrespectauthority,setahighstandardofworkmanship,andcommunicateeasilyandconfidently.Butthey’realsostubbornlyindependent.Theywanttheiropinionsheard.AttheotherextremearewhattheJohnsonscallLinksters,bornafter1995intotoday’smorecomplicated,multi-mediaworld.Theyliveandbreathetechnologyandareoftensocialactivists.Youwon’tfindmany15-yearoldsintheofficesoflargecompanies,exceptasvolunteers,ofcourse,butquiteoldandquiteyoungworkersdocometogetherinsalesenvironmentslikebikeshopsandice-creamstores.TheJohnsons,LarryandMeagan,representagenerationgapthemselvesintheirworkwithjobsiteissues.TheJohnsons’pointisthatastheaveragelifespancontinuestoriseandretirementdatesgetdelayedbecauseofthetighteconomy,peopleofdifferentgenerationsareworkingsidebyside,moreoftenbringingwiththemverydifferentideasaboutcompanyloyaltyandworkvalues.Thefivegenerationsareheavilyinfluencedbyquitedifferentevents,socialtrends,andtheculturalphenomenaoftheirtimes.Theirexperiencesshapetheirbehaviorandmakeitdifficult,sometimes,formanagerstoachieveastrongandefficientworkplace.LarryandMeaganJohnsondiscussallthisingreaterdetailinanewbook,“Generations,Inc.:FromBoomerstoLinksters---ManagingtheFrictionBetweenGenerationsatWork,”publishedbyAmacomPress,whichisavailableinallgoodbookstorefromthisFriday.1.Thetypeofgenerationgapinparagraph1referstothedifferenceinbeliefs________.A.betweenmanagersandworkersB.amongfamilymembersC.amongemployeesD.betweenolderandnewercompanies2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutTraditionals?A.They’velearnedmuchfromwarandeconomicdisaster.B.They’redifficulttoworkwithastheyarestubborn.C.Theyrespecttheirbossandhopetoberespected.D.They’reindependentworkerswithgreatconfidence.3.Accordingtothepassage,theLinkstersareusually________.A.foundworkingintheofficesoflargecompaniesB.influencedbymediaandtechnologyC.enthusiasticmulti-mediaactivistsD.ice-creamsellers4.Accordingtothepassage,modernworkforcesaremorediversebecause________.A.peoplewanttoincreasetheiraveragelifespanB.manyyoungpeopleareenteringtheworkforceC.employeeswithdifferentvaluescanbenefittheircompaniesD.retirementdatesarebeingdelayedforeconomicreasons5.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TopromoteanewbookbyLarryandMeaganJohnson.B.Todescribethefivedifferentworkplacegenerations.C.TointroducetheJohnsons’researchaboutdiverseworkforces.D.Toidentifyamajorprobleminmodernworkforces.【参考答案】1—5、CBBDA阅读理解。Justsevenyearsago,theJarvik-7artificialheartwasbeingcheeredasthemodelofhumancreativeness.ThesightofBarneyClark——aliveandconsciousaftertradinghisdiseasedheartforametal-and-plasticpump——convincedthepress,thepublicandmanydoctorsthatthefuturehadarrived.Ithadn't.AftermonitoringproductionoftheJarvik-7,andreviewingitseffectsonthe150orsopatients(mostofwhomgotthedeviceasatemporarymeasure)theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationconcludedthatthemachinewasdoingmoretoendangerlivesthantosavethem.Lastweektheagencycancelleditsearlierapproval,effectivelybanning(禁止)thedevice.TherecallmayhurtSymbionInc.,makeroftheJarvik-7,butitwon'tendtherequestforanartificialheart.Oneproblemwiththebannedmodeisthatthetubesconnectingittoanexternalpowersourcecreatedapassageforinfection.Inventorsarenowworkingonnewdevicesthatwouldbefullyplaced,alongwithatinypowerpack,inthepatient'schest.Thefirstsampleproductsaren'texpectedforanother10or20years.Butsomepeoplearealreadyworryingthatthey'llwork---andthatAmerica'soverextendedhealth-careprogramswillloseaprecious$2.5billionto$5billionayearprovidingthemforarelativelyfewdyingpatients.Ifsuchexpenditures(开支)cutintofundingformorebasiccare,theneteffectcouldactuallybeadeclineinthenation'shealth.11.Accordingtothepassage,theJarvik-7artificialheartprovedtobe_____.A.atechnicalfailureB.atechnicalwonderC.agoodlife-saverD.aneffectivemeanstotreatheartdisease12.FromthepassageweknowthatSymbionInc._____.A.hasbeenbannedbythegovernmentfromproducingartificialheartsB.willreviewtheeffectsofartificialheartsbeforedesigningnewmodelsC.maycontinuetoworkonnewmodelsofreliableartificialheartsD.canmakenewmodelsofartificialheartsavailableonthemarketin10to20years13.Thenewmodelsofartificialheartsareexpected_____.A.tohaveaworkinglifeof10or20yearsB.tobesetfullyinthepatient'schestC.tobeequippedwithanexternalpowersourceD.tocreateanewpassageforinfection

14.Theword"them"inLine7,Para.2refersto_____.A.doctorswhotreatheartdiseasesB.makersofartificialheartsC.America'shealth-careprogramsD.newmodelsofartificialhearts

15.Somepeoplefeelthat_____.A.artificialheartsareseldomeffectiveB.thecountryshouldnotspendsomuchmoneyonartificialheartsC.thecountryisnotspendingenoughmoneyonartificialheartsD.America'shealth-careprogramsarenotdoingenoughforthenation'shealth【参考答案】11—15、ACBDB阅读理解。PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestige(威望)inAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopoly(垄断)ofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocratic(贵族的)ideaofinheritedprivilege(待遇).16.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“_______”.A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerceB.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernmentC.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericansD.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness17.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly_______.A.whengivenequalityofopportunityC.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedomB.throughdoingbusinessD.bywayofcompetition18.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?A.Honestbusinessmen.B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.C.Peoplewithideasofequalityandfreedom.D.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment.19.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby________.A.itsabsolutecontrolofpowerB.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedomC.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvaluesD.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership20.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves________.A.AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatusC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica【参考答案】16—20、CDBAB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternal(外在的)resultoraproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured．Theworkerwhogetsarise,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage—alltheseexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts．Bycontrast(对比),theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sinceitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway．Theprocessisnottheroaditself,buttheattitudes,feelingspeoplehave,andtheircautionorcourage,astheymeetwithnewexperiencesandunexpecteddifficulties．Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends；therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept．Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,tofacetheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay“fail”atfirst．Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisnecessaryforourabilitytogrow．Doweseeourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,wetendtotakemorechancesandbemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences．Dowethinkwe’reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoffearcancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andwethinkweareslowtoadaptchangeorthatwe’renotsmartenoughtodealwithanewchallenge．Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall．Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow．Ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenwestopgrowing．Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking．1.Intheauthor’seye,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould____.A.succeedinclimbingupthesocialladderB.growupfromhisownachievementsC.facedifficultiesandtakeupchallengesD.aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeviewedastheprocessofpersonalgrowing?A.Ourmanagerwasalwayswillingtoacceptnewchallenges.B.Janewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcompetition．C.JerrypickedupFrenchduringhisstayinParis.D.Father’ssalaryrosefrom5,000to7,000.3.Forpersonalgrowth,theauthorisinfavorofallthefollowingexcept___.A.beingcuriousaboutmorechangesB.beingquickinself-adaptationC.havinganopenmindtonewexperiences D.stayingawayfromfailuresandchallenges4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Itisnotsoeasytomeasurepersonalgrowth.B.Totryandfailonthenewroadfacingtheunknownisunavoidable.C.Thereareonlytwowaystoseeaperson’sgrowth.D.Ifyouaretooshytotakeanyrisksinlife,youcannotgrowup.5.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe_____.A.FacingNewChallenges B.Growth—ProductorProcessC.TwoBasicWaysofGrowth D.OvercomingInternalFears【参考答案】1—5、CADBC短文改错。假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。SueandAnnoftenmeetatacheaperrestauranttoeatandtalkingaboutlifeandschoolaftertheirmorningclass.Sometimes，insteadoftalking，theyplayagamethattheycallit“peoplewatching”．Theystartthegameinobservingandlisteningtopeoplearoundthemcarefulandmakeguessesabouttheirlivesasages，jobs，likes，dislikesandsoon.Ofcourse，theyneverreallyknewwhethertheyarerightorwrong.Thereforetheyusuallyhavegoodreasonsforthinkingthatwhattheyare.“Thegameisfun，”theyoftensay.答案：SueandAnnoftenmeetataeq\o(cheaper,\s\do10(cheap))restauranttoeatandeq\o(talking,\s\do10(talk))aboutlifeandschoolaftertheirmorningeq\o(class,\s\do10(classes)).Sometimes，insteadoftalking，theyplayagamethattheycallit“peoplewatching”．Theystartthegameeq\o(in,\s\do10(by))observingandlisteningtopeoplearoundthemeq\o(careful,\s\do10(carefully))andmakeguessedabouttheirliveseq\o(∧,\s\do10(such))asages，jobs，