2022天津西青区高考英语阅读理解专题一轮练习(5)及答案

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。LeadersoftheWorldHealthOrganizationsaytheyareconcernedabouttheairqualityandhealthefiectsoncitizensduringarecentoutbreakofheavypollutioninBeijing．Still，theysaidtheywereunsureoftheexactamounttheairpollutiontakesonanyperson’sbody，castingdoubtsonlocalreportstyingthearea’sdirtyairtoparticularcasesofillness．Speakingatabriefing(状况介绍会)onTuesday，theWHO’sWesternPacificregionaldirector，ShinYoung—Soo，cited(列举)reportsaboutpoorairqualitycausinglungcancerinrecentweeks.“TheWHOisskepticaloftheinformation，”shesaid．“We’recautiousofwhethertheillnessisrelatedtoairpo11ution.Weknowithasanimpactonhealth，butwedon’tknowhowmuch．”Theofficialsdidn’tciteparticularreports．Thecommentsfollowanumberofarticlessincelatelastyearconnectingsomecasesofdiseaseslikelungcancerwithpollution，．includingoneinNovemberregardingan8-year-oldgirl．ThehealthimpactofBeijing’sgrayskieshasbeenonthemindsofmanyoverthepastweek。LocalauthoritiesonTuesdaypreservedanorangealert(警报)一thecity’ssecondhighestpollution-warninglevel—andagainwarnedpeopletostayindoors．Expertswidelyagreethatsmallparticulates(颗粒)knownasPM2.5carrysignificantshort-andlong-termhealthrisks，particularlywithchildren．Otherstudiesfindacertainlinkbetweenpollutionandshorterlifespans。ChinesestatemediahavenotedariseincancerlevelsinBeijing,withoutspecifying(具体说明)whetherthenewcasesarethemainresultofpollution,smoking,othersourcesorsomecombination．BernhardSchwartlander，theorganization’sChinachief，saidheisconcernedandhasbeenincontactwithnationalauthorities．“Thereisnoeasysolution,”Dr.Schwartlaindersaid，addingthatsolvingtheproblemrequiresmanagingindustryandtheeconomy．WHOleadersadvisedcitizens．tostayindoorsandlimitexposuretotheharmfulparticulates．Whenaskedifwearingafacemaskhasanyprovenefficacyinpreventinghealtheffectsofairpollution，Dr.Schwartlaindersaid，“Whateveryoudo，it’sbetterthannothing.”1．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．incaseofanorangealert,wehadbetternotgooutsideB．thecaseofthegirlwithlungcancerwaslittle’linkedtoairpollutionC．cancerlevelsinBeijingarerisingduetoheavyairpollutionD．itiswidelyagreedthatpollutionshortenslifespansveryslightly2．AccordingtoDr．Schwartlander，thewaystosolvetheprobleminclude.A．contactingthenationalauthoritiesB．beingexposedlesstoharmfulparticulatesC．managingtheenterpriseandeconomyD．preventinghealtheffectsofpollution3．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．ThedangersofheavypollutionB．TheimpactsofpollutiononhealthC．TheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentD．Theuncertaintyofrelationshipbetweenpollutionandhealth【参考答案】1—3、ACDPassageEight(TheImprovingEconomicSituationInGreece)

Greece,economically,isintheblack.Withverylittletoexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrom‘invisibleearnings’topayforitsneeded,growingimports.FromthesendingoutofthingstheGreeks,earnonly$285million;fromtourism,shippingandtheremittancesofGreeksabroad,thecountrytakesinanadditional#375millionandthiswashesoutthealmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.

Ithasabalancedbudget.Althoughmorethanonedrachmaoutoffourgoesfordefense,thegovernmentendedarecentyearwithaslightsurplus--$66million.Greecehasadecentreserveofalmostathirdofabilliondollarsingoldandforeignexchange.Ithasagovernmentnotdependentoncoalescingincompatiblepartiestoobtainparliamentarymajorities.

Inthussummarizingafewhappyhighlights,Idon’tmeantominimizethevastextentofGreece’sproblems.ItisthepoorestcountrybyawidemargininFreeEurope,andpovertyiswidespread.Atbestanannualincomeof$60to$70isthelotofmanyapeasant,andsubstantialunemploymentplaguesthecountryside,cities,andtownsofGreece.Therearefewnaturalresourcesonwhichtobuildanysubstantialindustrialbase.SomeyearsagoIwrotehere:

“GreekstatesmanshipwillhavetocreateanatmosphereinwhichhomeandforeignsavingswillwillinglyseekinvestmentopportunitiesinthebackwardeconomyofGreece.Sofar,mostAmericanandotherforeignattempthaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.”

Greatstrideshavebeenmade.Asfarbackas1956,expandingtourismseemedalogicalwaytobringneededforeigncurrenciesandadditionaljobstoGreece.AtthattimeItalkedwiththeHiltonHotelpeople,whohadbeenexamininghotelpossibilities,andtotheGreekgovernmentdivisionresponsibleforthisareaoftheeconomy.Theywerehopelesslydeadlockedinalmosttotaldifferencesofopinionandoutlook.

Todaymostoftheincrediblyvaried,beautiful,historicalsightsofGreecehavenew,ifinmanycasesmodest,touristfacilities.Tourismitselfhasjumpedfromapproximately$31milliontoover$90million.ThereisbothamagnificentnewHiltonHotelinAthensandacompletelymodernized,greatlyexpandedGrandeBretagne,aswellasotherfirst-ratenewhotels.AndtheadventofjetshasmadeAthensasaccessibleasParisorRome–withoutthesky-highpricesoftraffic-chokedstreetsofeither.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis

[A]Greekincomeandexpenditures.

TheimprovingeconomicsituationinGreece.

[C]Thevalueoftourism.

[D]Militaryexpenditures.

2.Manypeasantsearnlessthan

[A]$60aweek.

$2aweek.

[C]$1aday.

[D]$10amonth.

3.TheGreekGovernmentspends

[A]morethan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms.

Morethanitscollects.

[C]Athirdofabilliondollarsingold.

[D]Lessthan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Greecehas

[A]adictatorship.

amonarchy.

[C]asinglemajorityparty.

[D]toomuchredtape.

5.Greeceimportsannuallygoodsandmaterials

[A]totalingalmost$700million.

thatbalanceexports.

[C]thatarepaidbytourists.

[D]costing$66million.

Vocabulary

1.remittance

汇款（额）

2.washout

洗掉，取消、告吹、冲掉、筋疲力尽

3.drachma

古希腊银币

德拉克马（现代希腊货币单位）

4.lot

份额

5.incompatible

水火不相容的，不能共存的

6.coalesce

（政党）联合，愈合，接合

7.highlight

光线最强处，最重要部分，最精彩场面

8.margin

（成本和售价的）差额，空白，边缘

9.bogdown

陷于逆境，使停顿

10.redtape

官样文章，烦琐和拖拉的公务程序

11.shrewdness

清明，机灵

12.deadlock

僵局，僵持；使陷于僵局

难句译注

1.

Greece,economicallyisintheblack.

【参考译文】希腊经济上说是赢利/富有的

2.

Withverylittleexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrominvisibleearningstopayitsneeded,growingimports.

【参考译文】除了农产品，如烟草、棉花和水果之外，希腊没有什么出口货，但它从“无形的收益”中挣不少，足够致富所需的一切――日益增长的进口货。

3.

Thiswashesoutalmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.

【参考译文】这笔钱冲掉了进口超过出口近4亿美元的差额。

4.

SofarmostAmericanandotherforeignattemptshaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.

【参考译文】到目前为止由于希腊政府那种繁琐而又拖拉的公务程序和对小事的精明，大多数美国和其他国家的尝试的工作都陷入逆境。

5.

Theywerehopelesslydeadlockedinalmosttotaldifferencesofopinionandoutlook.

【参考译文】他们无望地陷于意见和观点完全分歧的僵局之中。

6.

AndtheadventofjetshasmadeAthensasaccessibleasParisandRome–withoutthesky-highpricesoftrafficchockedstreetsofeither.

【参考译文】喷气式飞机的进展使雅典和巴黎、罗马一样很简洁到达，却没有那两个城市的交通堵塞的接到的昂扬代价。

写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇以过去和现在对比的手法，论述了希腊经济，主要是旅游业的进展。过去，希腊以无形资产赢得之利润，来消退赤字，还可稍有节余。但贫困、事业状况严峻，政府办事拖拉、繁琐也影响国外的投资，虽然早在1956年就预备扩展旅游业，但意见分歧。现在，状况大变，就旅游一项年收入由3100万增至9000万美元。

答案详解

1.

B希腊经济形式的改善。文章围绕这一中心而写。文章一开头就提出希腊出口除了农产品之外，没有什么东西，而无形资产如旅游、运输和国外的汇款等可挣得37500万美元。两项加在一起来抵消入超赤字近4亿美元，稍有结余。第三段指出，希腊是自由欧洲最穷的国家，很多农夫年收入为60－70美元。失业现象席卷城市乡镇，建立工业基地的自然资源极少。政府的繁琐事务程序，关注琐事等状况使美国和其他国家试图开放工作陷于停滞状态。第四段开头指出1956年起开拓旅游业，不过意见还是分歧。第五断提出今日惊人的变化，秀丽的历史古城呈现新貌，就旅游一项收入由3100万增至9000万美元。旅馆面貌大变。

A.希腊的收支。C.旅游的价值。D.军事费用。

2.

B少于2美元一星期。文章第三段第三句：最佳状况，年收入为60－70美元使大多数农夫的份额。所以B项最接近年收入。

A.60美元一星期。C.一天一美元。D.一个月10美元。

3.

A百分之25以上用于军事。其次段：虽然四个德拉克马中有一个用于国防，政府最终还稍有结余――6600万美元。

B.比收入的还多。C.十亿金子中的三分之一。D.少于百分之25。

4.

C单一大党。其次段：希腊的政府不依靠水火不相容的政党之间的合作来取得一会的多数席位，这说明是单一大党。

A.独裁、专政。B.君主政体。D.太多的繁琐程序。

5.

A总计几乎在7亿美元左右。第一段中提到希腊出口商品价值28500万美元，而进口超出出口4亿美元。两者相加为6亿2千5百万美元，相当于几乎在7亿美元左右。

B.和出口平衡。C.由旅游者支付。D.花费6600万美元。【2021界上海市宝山区质量监测】阅读理解WeAreNowOpenDailythruColumbusDayThemuseumandstoreareopenfrom10a.m.to5p.m.throughouttheseason.Trolleyridesstartwiththefirstdepartureat10:05a.m.andcontinueuntiltheendofthedaywiththelastridebeingat4:15p.m..WeareopenRainorShine!April30toMay21May28toOctober10October15toOctober30OpenSaturdaysandSundaysOnlyOpenEveryDayOpenSaturdaysandSundaysOnlyIceCream&SunsetTrolleyRideSpecial($3.50perperson)At7:30p.m.,everyWednesdayandThursdayeveninginJulyandAugust,joinusforaspecialsunsettrolleyridewithice-creamincluded.Bringthewholefamily!RegularFaresSeniorCitizens:$5.50Adults:$7.50Children(Ages6—16):$5.00Children5andunder:FreeDiscountsareavailablefortourgroups.Admissionincludesunlimitedtrolleyrides,accesstotheMuseumGroundsandExhibits,anduseofourpicnicareastoenjoyyourownpicniclunch.69.FromnowontoColumbusDay,themuseumisopen_____.A.onlyonSundaysandSaturdaysB.onsunnydaysC.everydayD.alloftheabove70.Ifafamilyof4persons—onesenior,acoupleanda12-year-oldboy—aretakingasunsettrolleyride,howmuchisthetotaladmissionfee?A.$18. B.$25.5. C.$33. D.$39.5.71.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadmission?A.Unlimitedsunsettrolleyride.B.AccesstotheMuseumGrounds.C.AvisittotheMuseumExhibits.D.Auseofthemuseumpicnicareas.【参考答案】69—71CBA【2021界上海市宝山区质量监测】Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemold(霉)onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoftoughtrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal—andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere’snoparticulargoodnessindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone.”WroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:“Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore?”Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththeproposalthatnothingbeasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalterna