《英语词汇学 》复习资料

《英语词汇学》复习资料1

I.Fillintheblanks.

Directions:Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwords.

1.The1isthesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords.

2.2arewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.

3.Theproblemofinterrelatiofhthevariousmeaningsofthesamewordcanbe

dealtwithfromtwodifferentingles:3approachandsynchronicapproach.

4."MaF'inm"altrea"tisa4prefix,whilel*ntef-in^intersta^tisa5

prefix.

5.OldEnglishisdescribedasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglishlanguage

of6endings,andalanguageof7endings.

6.InmodemEnglish,onemayfindsome8wordswhosesoundssuggest

theinneaning,forthesewordswerecreatedbyimitatinithenaturalsoundsornoises.

7.Thewordmeaningismadeupof9meaningand10meaning,and

thelaterhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaning1landmeaning.

8.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategoriesa:ppreciativoer

12.

9.13isthoughttobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.

10.14istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsora

wordplusapartofanotherword.

11.15referstothejargonofcriminals.Itsuseisconfinedtothesub-cultu

groups,andoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit.

12.^Prettya^ndh^andsome^sharethesame16meaningsbutdifterin17

meaning.

13.__18^analvsisisaprocessofbreakingdownthesenseofawordintoits

minimalcomponentswhicharealsoknownassemanticfeatures..

14.Radiationand19arethetwocoinageswhichthedevelopfmewnotrd

meaningfollowsfrommonosemytopolysemy.

15.20dealswiththerelationshipofinclusion,i.e.themeaningofamorespe

wordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Wtfte,*TforandFforfalsie.

1.Homonymsaredescendantsofdifferentsourceswhereasapolysemantisaword

ofthesamesourcewhichhasacquircddifferenteaningsinthecourseofdevelopment.

2.Wordsofthebasicwordstockaremostlyrootwordsormonosyllabicwords,sotheyhavestrong

productivity.

3.'Ca立opened'usedasslangtomelilnl-purposek"e.y

4.Nativewordsareneutralinstyle.

5.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofmostlanguagesofEurope,theFarEast,and

India.

6.BorrowinghasplayedavitalroleinthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary,particularlyin

earliertimes.

7.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsismorpheme.

8.Stemisaformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.

9.Baseiswhatremainsofawordaftertheremovalofallaffixes.

10.WordscreatedbycompoundingoccupythehighestpercentageoftheEnglishvocabulary.

ll/Tor-^inftorehead,,andfbeinftoreknowledg,^belongtotwokindsofprefix.

12.Word-buildingandword-formationarerelativesynonyms.

13.Thewordmanuscriptwhichoriginallydenh“oatnedswritirTgonlyhasundergoneaprocessof

extensionofmeaning.

14.Parent-childandhusban-dwifearetwopairsofconverses.

15.Policeman,constable,bobbyandcoparesynonymsdifferinginintensity.

III.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.

1.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthebasicwordstock?

2.Whyareprefixesandsuffixesdividedaccordingtodifferentcriteria?

3.Listthefoursourcesofsynonyms.

4.Whatarethecharacteristicsofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning?

IV.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotherequirement.

Classifythethreepairsofantonymsaccordingtotypesofantonymsyouhavelearnedand

describethecharacteristicsofeachtypeofthem.

inlerviewer/interviewee;male/female;old/young

成考复习资料

答案

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.morpheme2.denizens3.diachronic4.pejorative

5.locative

6.leveled7.lost8.onomatopoeic9.grammatical

10.lexical

11.associative12.pejorative13.backformation14.blending

15.argot16.conceptual17.collocative18.componential19.

concatenation20.hyponymy

ILDecidewhetherthefbllowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfortrue^andFforf

als”e.

1-5TTTFT6-10TFFFT11-15TFFTF

III.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.

1.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthebasicwordstock?

1)Allnationalcharacter2)stability3)productivity4)polysemy

5)collocability

2.Whyarcprefixesandsuffixesdividedaccordingtodifferentcriteria?

1)Prefixesprimarilyeffectasemanticmodificationofthebase,i.e.prefixesdogenerallychangethe

word-classofthebasebutonlymodifyitsmeaning.

2)Suffixeshaveonlyasmallsemanticroleandtheirprimaryfunctionistochang

thegrammaticalfunctionofthebasej.e.thechangeofthewordclasswitha

slightmodificationofmeaning.

3)Soprefixesarecategorizedonasemanticbasiswhilesuffixesaredividedongrammaticalbasis.

3.l)Borrowing;(2)dialeclasndregionalEnglish(3)figurativaendeuphemisticuseofwords(4)

coincidencewithidiomaticexpressions

4.Whatarethecharacteristicsofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning?

1)Conceptualmeaningisthemeaninggiveninthcdictionaryndformsthecoreofword

meaning.Beingconstantandrelativelsytable,conceptualmeaningformsthebasisfbr

communicationasthesamewordgenerally

hasthesameconceptualmeaningtothespeakersinthesamespeechcommunity.

(3%)

2)Associativemeaningdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedand

indeterminatel,iabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsas

culture,experience,religion,geographicalregion,classbackground,education,e.ic(

3%)

N.Analyzethefollowingquestionsandexplainthemaccordingtotherequirement.

1.

1)Interviewer&intervieweeareconverses;male&femaleare

complementarie^old&younagrecontraries.

2)Complementariestrulyrepresentoppositenesofmeaning.Theyaresooppositeto

eachotherthattheyaremutuallyexclusiveandadmitno

possibilitybetweenthem.Theassertionofoneisthedenialoftheother

viceversa.Complementariesarenongradable,andtheycannotbeusedin

comparativedegreesanddonotallowadverbsofintensitkikev4'ery"toqualifythem.

3)Contrariesaregradableantonyms.Theexistenceofoneisinrelationtothother.Wecansay:

Amanisrichorveryrichandalsowecansayamanis

richthantheother.ContrariesarecharacteristicofseifioBCcpolarity,antonymsfbnnpart

ofascaleofvaluesbetweentwopolesandcanaccommodateamiddlegroundbelonging

neithertoonepolenortotheother.

4)Conversesconsistofrelationaolpposites.Thepairsofwordsindicatereciprocab

ocialrelationshiptshatoneofthemcannotbeusedwithoutsuggestingtheother.lt

alsoincludesreverseterms,whichcomprise

adjectivesandadverbssignifyingaqualityorverbsandnounssignifyinganactorstatethat

reverseorundothequality,actionorstateoftheother.

成考复习资料

复习资料2

I.单选题

l.InthesentenCdliketoseeam^ovjetherearefunctionalwords.

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

2.Conversionisamethod.

A.ofturningwordsofonepartofspeechtothoseofadifferentpartofspeech

B.ofconvertingwordsofonemeaningintodifferentmeaning

C.ofderivingwordsthroughgrammaticalmeans

D.ofchangingwordsinmorphologicalstructure

3.ThefollowingwordshavederivationalaffixesEXCEPT.

A.subsea

B.prewar

C.postwar

D.desks

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?

A.Conversionreferstotheuseofwordsofoneclassasthatofadifferentclass.

B.Wordsmainlyinvolvedinconversionarenouns,verbsandadverbs.

C.Partialconversionandfullconversionareconcernedwithadjectiveswhenconvertedto

nouns.

D.Theconversionbetweennounsandverbsmayinvolveachangeofstress.

5.isthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreof

word-meaning.

A.Grammaticalmeaning

B.Denotativemeaning

C.Associativemeaning

D.Connotativemeaning

6.Thewordswhathaveemotivecontentinthemselvesaresaidtocontain_meaning.

A.collocative

B.affective

C.stylistic

D.denotative

7.explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandfigurativesensoftheword.

A.Etymologicalmotivation

B.Onomatopoeticmotivation

C.Morphologicalmotivation

D.Semanticmotivation

8.ThefollowingwordshaveinflectionalaffixesEXCEPT.

A.works

B.worker

C.working

D.worked

9.uSmog“isformedbyconibiiiingsmoke”and"fbg”.Soitisanexample

of

A.clipping

B.compounding

成考复习资料

C.blending

D.back-formation

10.Theword<€smog“iscreatedbyblending,withthestructureof.

A.head+tail

B.head+head

C.head+word

D.word+tail

11.Themostimportantmodeofvocabularydevelopmentinpresent-dafcnglishisthecreation

ofnewwordsbymeansof.

A.translation-loans

B.emanticloans

C.wordformation

D.borrowings

12.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoasemanticfield?

A.steed,charger,palfrey,plug,nag

B.pony,mustang,mule,stud,mare

C.policeman,constable,bobby,cop

D.domicile,residence,abode,home

13.Wordswhichareusedtoshowtheattitudeofapprovalare.

A.appreciative

B.pejorative

C.conntative

D.collocative

14.GeneralfeaturesofEnglishcontainsthefollowingexcept.

A.simplicity

B.receptivity

C.adaptability

D.imprssiveness

15.Themostproductivemeansofword-formationinmodemEnglisharethefollowing

except.

A.compounding

B.affixation

C.acronym

D.conversionII

判断题

1.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofmostlanguagesofEurope,theFarEast,and

India(.)

2.Thewor(hanuscriplwhichoriginallydenotes“handwriling“onlyhasundergoneaprocessof

extensionofmeanin(g.)

3.ThebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishPeriodwasmarkedbytheNormanConquestwhich

broughtmanyLatinwordsintotheEnglishlan(gu)age.

4.Wordsofthebasicwordstockarermoostti)ydsormonosyllabicwords,sotheyhave

strongproductivi(ty.)

5.Grammaticalmeaningorawordincludespartofspeech,tensemeaning,andstylistic

colorin(g.)

6.WordscreatedbycompoundingoccupythehighestpercentageoftheEnglishvocabulary.

()

7.Themarkedtermofeachpairofantonymscoversthesenseoftheunmarkedterm.()

8.Policeman,constable,bobbyandcoparesynonymsdifferingin(in)tensity.

9.BorrowinghasplayedavitalroleinthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary,particularlyin

earlierti(me)s.

10.“Radiations'%owstliatthederivedmeaningsofapolysemanticwordarenot

成考复习资料

directlyrelatedtotheprimarymea(nin)g.

HI简答题

1.Whatarethecharacteristicsofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning?

2.Listdifferenttypesofassociativemeaninganddefinethem.

答案

I.1-5AADDB6-10BDBCA11-15CBADC

II.1-5TFFTF6-10TFFTF

III.1.Whatarethecharacteristicsofconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning?

Conceptualmeaningisthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofwordmeaning.Being

constantandrelativelystable,conceptualmeaningformsthebasisforcommunicationasthe

samewordgenerallyhasthesameconceptualmeaningtothespeakersinthesamespeech

community.Associativemeaningdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedand

indeterminate,liabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsasculture,experience,religion,geographical

region,classbackground,education,etc...

2.Listdifferenttypesofassociativemeaninganddefinethem.

Explaindifferenttypesofhomonymswithexamples.

Perfecthomonymsareknownasabsolutehomonyms,andtheyarewordsidentical

bothinsoundandspelling.E.gbear(toputupwith)andbear

(akindoffruit)

Homographsarewordsidenticalonlyinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaning,

e.g.sow(toscatterseeds)andsow(femaleadultpig)Homophonesarewords

identicalonlyinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning,e.g.dear(alovedperson)

anddeer(akindofananimal)

复习资料3

I.Fillintheblanks.

Directions:Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwords.

1.The_1isthesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords.

2.2are-wwdsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglish

language.

3.Theproblemofinterrelationofthevariousmeaningsofthesamewordcanbe

dealtwithfromtwodifferenBngles:3approachandsynchronicapproach.

4.“MaTinm“altrea"tisa4prefix,whilt?ntef-int4inters^tesa5_

prefix.

5.OldEnglishisdescribedasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglish

languageof__6_endings,andalanguageof_7—endings.

成考且习资料

6.InmodernEnglish,onemayfindsomeSwordswhosesoundssuggest

theirmeaning,forthesewordswerecreatedbyimitatingthenaturalsoundsonoises.

7.Thewordmeaningismadeupof9meaningand10meaning,and

thelaterhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaning1landmeaning.

8.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeor

12.

9.13isthoughttobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.

10.___14-istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusa

partofanotherword.

11.15referstothejargonofcriminals.Itsuseisconfinedtothesub-cultu

groups,andoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit.

12.“Prettya”ndh“andsome''sharethesame」6_meaning,butdifierin_17_

meaning.

13.__18__analysisisaprocessofbreakingdownthesenseofawordintoits

minimalcomponentswhicharealsoknownassemanticfeatures.

14.Radiationand__1_9___arethetwocoinageswhichthedevelopmentofword

meaningfollowsfrommonosemytopolysemy.

15._20__dealswiththerelationshipofinclusion,i.e.themeaningofamore

specificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.

II.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseandwriteTorFontheanswersheet:

1.Homonymscomemainlyfromborrowing,changesinsoundandspellings,nddialects.

2.R"adiatio“nshowsthatthederivedmeaningsofapolysemanticwordarenotdirectlyrelated

totheprimarymeaning.

3.Borrowingisaveryimportantsourceofsynonyms.

4.Awordwhichhasasynonymnaturallyhasanantonym.

5.Hyponymydealswiththerelationshipofsemanticinclusion.

6.Motivationexplainstheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticformanditsmeaning.

7.Grammaticalmeaningorawordincludespartofspeech,tensemeaning,and

stylisticcoloring.

8.Theoriginsofthewordsareakeyfactorindistinguishinhgomonymsfrompolysemants.

9.Themarkedtermofeachpairofantonymscoversthesenseoftheunmarkedterm.

10.Ifthewordsdifferinrangeandintensityofmeaning,thewordsarenotidentiindenotation.

11.ThebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishPeriodwasmarkedbytheNormanConquest

whichbroughtmanyLatinwordsintotheEnglishlanguage.

12.Componentialanalysisistobreakdown,theconceptualsenseofawordintoitsminimal

distinctivecomponents.

13.CelticlanguagemadegreatcontributionBotheexpansionoftheEnglishvocabulary.

14.Nativewordsenjoythesamefeaturesasthebasicwordstockandmore.

15.Shorteningincludesclippingandblending.

IILAnswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.

1.Analyzethemorphologicalstructureosfthefollowingwordsandpointoulthetypesofthe

morphemesintermsoffreeandboundmorphemes.

unbearableinternationalex-prisoner.

2.Howwouldyouexplainthedifferencbetweenbackfbrmalionandsuffixation?Give

examplestoillustrateyourpoint.

3.Listdifferenttypesofassociativemeaninganddefinethem.

4.Explaindifferenttypesofhomonymswithexamples.

IV.Analyzethefollowingquestionsandexplainthemaccordingtotherequirement.

1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhomonymsandpolysemants?

成考且习资料

答案

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.morpheme2.denizens3.diachronic4.pejorative

5.locative6.leveled7.lost8.onomatopoeic

9.grammatical10.lexical11.associative12.pejorative

13.backformation14.blending15.argot16.conceptual

17.collocativb8.componential19.concatenation20.hyponymy

II.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseandwriteTorFinthebrackets:

1.F2.F3.T4.F5.T6.T7.F8.T9.F10.T

ll.F12.F13.F14.T15.T

III.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.

1.Analyzethemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthe

morphemesintermsoffreeandboundmorphemes.

unbearableinternationalex-prisoner.

un-Fbear-Hible:(b)ear'isafreemorpheme,&hd',a'ble'areboundmorphemes,inter+nation+ah

':ation'isafreemcxpheine,a"nnder/aalreboundmoiphemes.

ex+prison+cr:p'rison'isafreemorpheme,64R,de'rarcboundmorphemes.

2.Howwouldyouexplainthedifferencebetweenbackformationandsuffixation?Giveexamples

toillustrateyourpoint.

1)Back-formationisconsideredtobetheoppositeprocessofsuffixation.

2)Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestobases.

3)Backformationisthereforethemethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposed

suffixes§ocalledbecausemanyoftheremovedendingsarenotsuffixesbut

inseparablepartsoftheword.

4)Forexample,itisacommonpracticetoadder,-ortoverbbasestoformagentialnouns.

5)Reasonably,peoplemakeverbsbydroppingtheendingosrucihnaesditor,-arinbeggarander

inbutler.

3.Listdifferenttypesofassociativemeaninganddefinethem.

1)Connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationsuggestedbytheconceptual

meaning,traditionallyknownasconnotations.

2)Stylistimceaningreferstostylistfeaturesw,hichmakethemappropriat^ordifferentstyles.

3)A