湖北省华大新高考联盟2024届高三下学期二模英语题 含解析

第1页/共1页机密★启用前(全国卷)华大新高考联盟2024届高三4月教学质量测评英语本试卷共四部分，共12页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡上交。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.BuyDadasuit.B.Helpwearatie.C.Talkaboutamatch.2.Wherewillthemangofirst?A.Abank.B.Apostoffice.C.Arestaurant.3.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Acoach.B.Atailor.C.Abarber.4.Whydoesthewomanlikedolphins?A.Becausetheyaregreatswimmers.B.Becausetheyarethebiggest.C.Becausetheyareverysmart.5.Whattimeisitnow?A.5:00p.m.B.9:00p.m.C.10:00p.m.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afriend.B.Aphoto.C.Aproject.7.Whatdoesthemanthinkofmostofhispartners?A.Humorous.B.Responsible.C.Unfriendly.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdidthewomandolastweek?A.Shehadapicnicwithherfriends.B.Shedroppedbyherneighbour.C.Shepickedstrawberriesinthegarden.9.Whydoesthewomanlikethegarden?A.Becauseit’sfullofstrawberries.B.Becauseit’sclosetoherhouse.C.Becauseitmakesherrelaxed.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whathashappenedtothewoman?A.Shehasboughtanewwallet.B.Shehaslosthercreditcard.C.Hercellphonehasbrokedown.11.Wherewerethespeakershalfanhourago?A.Atatheatre.B.Atastation.C.Atarestaurant.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Colleagues.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatdoesthewomanparticularlywantAmytodo?A.Havefun.B.Learnsomethingnew.C.Makesomenewfriends.14.WhatdoweknowaboutCampApplause?A.Itadmitskidsoverten.B.ItisalittlefarfromAmy’shouse.C.Itdoesn’tofferswimminglessons.15.Whatwillthecouplehavetopayextrafor?A.AT-shirt.B.Meals.C.Accommodation.16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Cook.B.PickupAmy.C.Buyvegetables.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhydidthespeakergotoLondoninNovember?A.TovisitLondonlandmarks.B.Totryotherafternoontea.C.ToexperienceLondonredbuses.18.WhatcanwesayabouttheLondonredbus?A.Changeable.B.Classic.C.Safe.19.Whichteabustourdoesthespeakerlikemost?A.TheHalloweentour.B.Theginafternoonteatour.C.TheGrinchmastour.20.Howlongdidthetriplast?A.Severalyears.B.Onemonth.C.Twohours.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMakelifeaseasyaspossiblewithdevicesandgeardesignedtosimplifyyourtravels—whetherthatmeanschargingonthego,neatorganizersorlightweightstorageforno-troublequicktrips.LARQBottleFilter(过滤器)Thisinnovativedrinkingbottlewithalow-pressuresuckerisdesignedtofilterwateronthegowipingoutpollutantssuchaschlorine(氯)forarefreshingtaste.Thefilterwillworkonupto151litresofwaterbeforeneedingtobereplaced—theequivalent(等同)ofaround300single-useplasticbottles.Availablein500ml(£58)and740ml(£68)sizes.Stubble&CoAdventureBagThis42-litrebackpackhasaneasy-accessclamshell(翻盖)designthatopenstorevealzippedpartsofvarioussizes,includingawaterproofpocketforshoes.Italsofeaturesalaptopsleeve,waterbottlepocketandhiddenpartsforvaluables.Availableinblack,olive,blueandorange.£195.ShokzOpenFitShokz’slightweightearphonessitontopoftheearcanal,meaningthey’recomfortableenoughtowearforlongperiods.The28-hourbatterylifeensuresyouwon’tneedtochargethemonanovernighttrip,thoughit’seasyenoughtodosobyplugginginthesmall,accompanyingcase.TheShokzAppallowsyoutocustomizethecontrols,too.£179.JulyCarryOnProForthosewhoprefernottocarryluggageontheirbacks,thissmartrolleristheperfectovernighter.Ithastwoseparateinternalparts,awaterproofpolycarbonate(聚碳酸酯)hardshellandazippedfrontpartinwhichtostorealaptop.Theintegrated,removablepowerbankallowstravelerstochargedevicesonthego.£275.1.WhatisspecialaboutLARQBottleFilter?A.Itisofvarioussizes. B.Itmakesforhealth.C.Itisusedtostorewater. D.Itreplaces300plasticbottles.2.Whichissuitableforlisteningtomusic?A.ShokzOpenFit. B.JulyCarryOnPro.CLARQBottleFilter. D.Stubble&CoAdventureBag.3.Whatisthetext?A.Atraveldiary. B.Alifedescription.C.Ascienceinstruction. D.Asalesadvertisement.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了适合简化旅行的四种轻便设备的用途、特点、款型和价格等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Thisinnovativedrinkingbottlewithalow-pressuresuckerisdesignedtofilterwateronthego,wipingoutpollutantssuchaschlorine(氯)forarefreshingtaste.(这款带有低压吸管的创新饮水瓶可以在旅途中过滤水，去除氯等污染物，使水的口感清爽)”可知，LARQBottleFilter可以在旅途中过滤水，使水的口感清爽，即它有利于健康。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Shokz’slightweightearphonessitontopoftheearcanal,meaningthey’recomfortableenoughtowearforlongperiods.(Shokz的轻便耳机可以放在耳道上方，这意味着它们足够舒适，可以长时间佩戴)”可知，Shokz轻巧的耳机可以放在耳道上方，长时间佩戴它们足够舒适，即它可用于听音乐。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据各个部分的小标题以及段尾的价格可推知，本文是一则广告。故选D项。BIhavediscoveredthatIhaveasecondshadowthesedaysasIgooutside.Thisone,however,hasfourlegsinsteadoftwo.Itismydaughter’sadopted,blackcat:MissAlice.EverytimeIgooutthedoorsheiswaitingonmyfrontporch,meowingtobepetted.Thenshefollowsmedownthehilltomycarsometimesrunninginfrontsoshecangetinmywayforevenmorepetting.AndwhenIfinallyreturnhomesheisthereaskingforattentionagain.Itwasn’talwaysthisway.TheveryfirsttimeIsawMissAliceshewashidingundermyhousejusthavinghadafamilyofkittens.WhenIlookedunderthereIgotanangryhiss(嘘声)fromher,warningmeIwasinforaclawingifIgotnearherkittens.Ittookalotoftime,patience,kindness,love,andcatfoodfrommydaughtertotameher.Atfirstshedidn’twanttobetouchedatall.Thenshewouldonlyallowanoccasionalpetting.Nowmydaughtercanpickherupandcarryheruptheroadtoherhouselikealittlebaby.Itstillmakesmesmiletoseehowmydaughter’sloving,caringandsympatheticspirittamedthiswildcatandmadeheraslovableasthemostaffectionatedog.Iguessthatisthepoweroflove.Itcanhealahurtingheart.Itcansaveabrokenspirit.Itcanupliftasunkensoul.Itcanfreeyoufromfear.Itcantransformyourlife.Itcaneventakeaviolent,wildcatandturnherintoapuppydoginacatsuit.Embrace(拥抱)theloveinyourownlifethen.Welcometheloveofyourfamilyandfriendsintoyourlife.Andletyourownloveflowthrougheverythingyouthink,everythingyousay,andeverythingyoudo.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthecatfromthefirstparagraph?A.Itenjoysstayingwiththeauthor. B.Ittendstobeintheauthor’sroad.C.Itisoftenignoredbythedaughter. D.Itgetswellalongwiththedaughter.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tame”probablymeaninParagraph2?A.Feedherup. B.Makehermild. C.Arrangeforher. D.Dressherup.6.Whatmakestheauthorstillsmile?A.Thelovelydog. B.Thedaughter’slove. C.Thecat’sbabies. D.Theharmoniousfamily.7.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?A.Wherethereislife,thereishope.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Loveislifeinitsfullnesslikethecupwithitswine.D.Dowhatyoufear,andfearthatnaturewillfadeaway.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。主要讲述作者的女儿花了很多时间、耐心、善良、爱才驯服了那只猫。这个故事告诉我们，爱可以征服一切。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“EverytimeIgooutthedoorsheiswaitingonmyfrontporch,meowingtobepetted.Thenshefollowsmedownthehilltomycarsometimesrunninginfrontsoshecangetinmywayforevenmorepetting.AndwhenIfinallyreturnhomesheisthereaskingforattentionagain.(每次我出门，她都在我的前廊等着，喵喵叫着让我抚摸。然后她跟着我下山，走到我的车前，有时跑在前面，这样她就可以挡住我的路，更多地抚摸我。当我终于回到家的时候，她又在那里请求我的关注)”可知，这只猫很享受与作者相处的时间。故选A。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“WhenIlookedunderthereIgotanangryhiss(嘘声)fromher,warningmeIwasinforaclawingifIgotnearherkittens.(当我往下面看的时候，她发出了一声愤怒的嘘声，警告我，如果我靠近她的小猫，我就会被抓)”以及后文“Atfirstshedidn’twanttobetouchedatall.Thenshewouldonlyallowanoccasionalpetting.Nowmydaughtercanpickherupandcarryheruptheroadtoherhouselikealittlebaby.Itstillmakesmesmiletoseehowmydaughter’sloving,caringandsympatheticspirittamedthiswildcatandmadeheraslovableasthemostaffectionatedog.(起初，她根本不想被碰。然后她只允许偶尔抚摸一下。现在我女儿可以把她抱起来，像抱小宝宝一样把她抱回家了。看到女儿充满爱心、关怀和同情的精神驯服了这只野猫，让她像最深情的狗一样可爱，我仍然会微笑)”可知，这几句话主要讲述了作者的女儿驯服那只猫的过程。故划线词意思是“使她变得温和”。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Itstillmakesmesmiletoseehowmydaughter’sloving,caringandsympatheticspirittamedthiswildcatandmadeheraslovableasthemostaffectionatedog.(看到女儿充满爱心、关怀和同情心的精神驯服了这只野猫，让她像最深情的狗一样可爱，这依旧能让我微笑)”可知，正是女儿的爱心，依旧能使作者微笑。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Iguessthatisthepoweroflove.Itcanhealahurtingheart.Itcansaveabrokenspirit.Itcanupliftasunkensoul.Itcanfreeyoufromfear.Itcantransformyourlife.Itcaneventakeaviolent,wildcatandturnherintoapuppydoginacatsuit.(我想这就是爱的力量。它可以治愈一颗受伤的心。它可以拯救一个破碎的灵魂。它能使沉沦的灵魂振作起来。它能让你摆脱恐惧。它可以改变你的生活。它甚至可以把一只暴力的野猫变成一只披着猫皮的小狗)”结合本文主要讲述作者的女儿花了很多时间，用耐心、善良、爱和猫粮才驯服了那只猫。这个故事告诉我们，爱可以征服一切。C项“爱就是充实了的生命，正如盛满了酒的酒杯”符合题意。故选C。CIntheSeychellesarchipelago(塞舌尔群岛)inEastAfrica,floodinganderosion(侵蚀)causedbyrisingsealevelposeanincomingthreattothecountry’smanylow-lyingislands.Atthesametimeitsmangroveforests(红树林),whichserveasavitalaspectagainsttheseimpacts,aredisappearing:Approximately70%ofSeychellesmangroveshavebeendestroyedsincethelate1700sduetohuman-drivendevelopmentandagricultureaswellassoilerosionfromsea-levelrise.TodaytheSeychellesGovernmentisworkingwithlocalcommunityleaderstorestorethemangroves,andnotjustforprotectionagainstrisingsealevel.Researchshowsthattheseforestscanstoreabout2.5milliontonnesofCO2(equaltotaking500,000carsofftheroadforayear),directlyhelpingtofightclimatechange.Theyalsoprovideabreedinggroundforfisheries,asectorthatcontributesone-fifthofthecountry’sGDP,benefitinglocalcommunities’livelihoodandhelpingtoprotecttheislands’livelybiodiversity(多样性).Whiletheconceptofusingnaturetobenefitbothlivesandlandsisbynomeansnew,globalinterestin“nature-basedsolutions”hasskyrocketedinrecentyears.Manynowseenature-basedsolutionsasakeyapproachforaddressingnotonlyclimatechangebutarangeofsocial,environmentalandeconomicchallenges—frombiodiversityloss,foodsecurityandairpollutiontodiseasecontrolanddeclininglocaleconomies.Yetthereremainswidespreaddebateaboutwhatexactlyconstitutesanature-basedsolutionaswellashowtobestincludethesestrategiesintobroaderclimateandconservationefforts.Thisindeterminationhascontributedtosignificantunder-investment:It’sestimatedthattolimittemperaturerisetobelow1.5degreesC(degreesF),holdbackbiodiversitylossandcontrollanddegradation(恶化),annualinvestmentsinnature-basedapproachesmustbethreetimesby2030.Asnature-basedsolutionscontinuetoriseontheglobalagenda,buildingamoreconsistentunderstandingaroundtheconceptanditsimplicationswillbekeytoraisingsupportforeffective,extensivesolutionsthatbenefitbothpeopleandtheplanet.8.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsfocuson?A.ThediversityofeconomyinEastAfrican.B.TheenvironmentalprotectioninEastAfrica.C.ThedisappearanceofmangrovesinEastAfrica.D.Theoperationofnature-basedsolutionsinEastAfrica.9.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribenature-basedsolutions?A.Novel. B.Effective. C.Ruinous. D.Uncertain.10.Whatistheaimofthenature-basedsolutionsin2030?A.500,000carsaretakenofftheroad.B.Yearlyinvestmentincreasesbydouble.C.Thetemperatureriseislimitedtobelow2.7℃.D.Aconferenceonnature-basedsolutionsisheld.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatExactlyAreNature-basedSolutions?B.WhyAreNature-basedSolutionsontheRise?C.HowCanNature-basedSolutionsHelpFightClimateChange?D.WhatArethePotentialWeaknessesofNature-basedSolutions?【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要阐述全球对“基于自然的解决方案”的兴趣急剧上升的原因以及对此相关的争论。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“IntheSeychellesarchipelago(塞舌尔群岛)inEastAfrica,floodinganderosion(侵蚀)causedbyrisingsealevelposeanincomingthreattothecountry’smanylow-lyingislands.Atthesametimeitsmangroveforests(红树林),whichserveasavitalaspectagainsttheseimpacts,aredisappearing(在东非的塞舌尔群岛，海平面上升引起的洪水和侵蚀(侵蚀)对该国许多低洼岛屿构成了即将到来的威胁。与此同时，作为抵御这些影响的重要方面的红树林正在消失)”和第二段的“TodaytheSeychellesGovernmentisworkingwithlocalcommunityleaderstorestorethemangroves,andnotjustforprotectionagainstrisingsealevel.(今天，塞舌尔政府正在与当地社区领导人合作，恢复红树林，而不仅仅是为了防止海平面上升)”可知，第一、二段主要告诉我们，东非的塞舌尔群岛的红树林正在消失，当今，塞舌尔政府正在与当地社区领导人合作，恢复红树林，即这两段主要阐述东非塞舌尔群岛正在基于自然实施解决方案。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Yetthereremainswidespreaddebateaboutwhatexactlyconstitutesanature-basedsolutionaswellashowtobestincludethesestrategiesintobroaderclimateandconservationefforts.(然而，关于什么是基于自然的解决方案，以及如何最好地将这些策略纳入更广泛的气候和保护工作，仍然存在广泛的争论)”以及第二句中的关键词“indetermination(不确定性)”可知，关于什么是“基于自然的解决方案”，以及如何最好地将这些策略纳入更广泛的气候和环保工作当中，仍然存在广泛的争论，即“基于自然的解决方案”目前具有不确定性。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“annualinvestmentsinnature-basedapproachesmustbethreetimesby2030.(到2030年，对基于自然的方法的年度投资必须增加三倍)”可知，到2030年基于自然的解决方案的目标是年度投资必须增加两倍。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第三段的“Whiletheconceptofusingnaturetobenefitbothlivesandlandsisbynomeansnew,globalinterestin“nature-basedsolutions”hasskyrocketedinrecentyears.Manynowseenature-basedsolutionsasakeyapproachforaddressingnotonlyclimatechangebutarangeofsocial,environmentalandeconomicchallenges—frombiodiversityloss,foodsecurityandairpollutiontodiseasecontrolanddeclininglocaleconomies.(虽然利用自然造福生命和土地的概念并不新鲜，但近年来，全球对“基于自然的解决方案”的兴趣急剧上升。许多人现在认为，基于自然的解决方案不仅是应对气候变化的关键途径，也是应对一系列社会、环境和经济挑战的关键途径——从生物多样性丧失、粮食安全和空气污染，到疾病控制和地方经济衰。)”并结合第一和第二段的举例可知，本文主要阐述了全球对“基于自然的解决方案”的兴趣为什么急剧上升。因此B项“为什么基于自然的解决方案在增加”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。DNeuroengineerSilvestroMiceradevelopsadvancedtechnologicalsolutionstohelppeopleregainsensoryandmotorfunctionsthathavebeenlostduetoinjuryeventsorneurologicaldisorders.Untilnow,hehasneverbeforeworkedonstrengtheningthehumanbodyandcognitionwiththehelpoftechnology.NowinastudypublishedinScienceRobotics,Miceraandhisteamreportonhowdiaphragm(隔膜)movementcanbemonitoredforsuccessfulcontrolofanextraarm,essentiallyaugmentingahealthyindividualwithathird-robotic-arm.Forfurtherexploration,theresearchersfirstbuiltavirtualenvironmenttotestahealthyuser’scapacitytocontrolavirtualarmusingmovementofhisorherdiaphragm.Theyfoundthatdiaphragmcontroldoesnotinterferewithactionslikecontrollingone’sphysiological(生理)arms,one’sspeechorgaze.Inthisvirtualrealitysetup,theuserisequippedwithabeltthatmeasuresdiaphragmmovement.Wearingavirtualrealityheadset,theuserseesthreearms:therightarmandhand,theleftarmandhand,andathirdarmbetweenthetwowithasymmetric(对称),six-fingeredhand.Inthevirtualenvironment,theuseristhenhintedtoreachoutwitheitherthelefthand,therighthand,orinthemiddlewiththesymmetrichand.Intherealenvironment,theuserholdsontoanexoskeleton(外骨骼)withbotharms,whichallowsforcontrolofthevirtualleftandrightarms.Movementdetectedbythebeltaroundthediaphragmisusedforcontrollingthevirtualmiddle,symmetricarm.Thesetupwastestedon61healthysubjects(受试者)inover150sessions.Previousstudiesregardingthecontrolofroboticarmshavebeenfocusedonhelpingthedisabled.ThelatestScienceRoboticsstudyisastepbeyondrepairingthehumanbodytowardsaugmentation.“Ournextstepistoexploretheuseofmorecomplexroboticdevicesusingourvariouscontrolstrategies,toperformreal-lifetasks,bothinsideandoutsideofthelaboratory.Onlythenwillwebeabletograsptherealpotentialofthisapproach,”concludesMicera.12.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Toshowanevidence.C.Tosummarizethegeneralidea. D.Tooffersomebackground.13.Whatarethefourthandfifthparagraphsprobablyabout?A.Avirtualrealitygame. B.Anewmedicaldevice.C.Anewtreatmentmethod. D.Anexperimentonanimals.14.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A.Bylistingsomerelateddata. B.Byofferingsomeexamples.C.Bymakingsomecomparisons. D.Bydescribingresearchprocesses.15.Whatisprobablycontinuedwiththetext?A.Howtoexpandcontrollableroboticdevices.B.Wheretofindnewandexcitingopportunities.C.Howtofurtherdeveloptherobotmarketpotential.D.Whytobalanceinsideandoutsideofthelaboratory.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，隔膜运动可以成功控制额外的手臂，即可以用第三只机械手臂来增强个体健康。本文介绍了该研究的过程、结论和未来走向等。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“NowinastudypublishedinScienceRobotics,Miceraandhisteamreportonhowdiaphragm(隔膜)movementcanbemonitoredforsuccessfulcontrolofanextraarm,essentiallyaugmentingahealthyindividualwithathird-robotic-arm.(现在，在《科学机器人》杂志上发表的一项研究中，Micera和他的团队报告了如何通过监测隔膜运动来成功控制额外的手臂，实质上是用第三只机器手臂来增强健康的个体)”可知，本段总结Micera和他的团队的研究成果，即利用隔膜运动可以成功控制一只额外的手臂，故本段起概括全文大意的作用。故选C项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Inthisvirtualrealitysetup,theuserisequippedwithabeltthatmeasuresdiaphragmmovement.Wearingavirtualrealityheadset,theuserseesthreearms:therightarmandhand,theleftarmandhand,andathirdarmbetweenthetwowithasymmetric(对称),six-fingeredhand.(在这个虚拟现实设置中，用户配备了测量隔膜运动的皮带。戴上虚拟现实耳机，用户可以看到三只手臂：右臂和右手，左臂和左手，以及介于两者之间的第三只手臂，它有一只对称的六指手)”以及第五段“Inthevirtualenvironment,theuseristhenhintedtoreachoutwitheitherthelefthand,therighthand,orinthemiddlewiththesymmetrichand.Intherealenvironment,theuserholdsontoanexoskeleton(外骨骼)withbotharms,whichallowsforcontrolofthevirtualleftandrightarms.Movementdetectedbythebeltaroundthediaphragmisusedforcontrollingthevirtualmiddle,symmetricarm.Thesetupwastestedon61healthysubjects(受试者)inover150sessions.(在虚拟环境中，然后提示用户伸出左手，右手或中间的对称手。在真实环境中，用户用双臂抓住外骨骼，这样就可以控制虚拟的左右手臂。由围绕隔膜的皮带检测到的运动用于控制虚拟中间，对称手臂。该装置在61名健康受试者身上进行了150多次测试)”可知，第四和第五段大概是关于一种新的医疗设备。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Forfurtherexploration,theresearchersfirstbuiltavirtualenvironmenttotestahealthyuser’scapacitytocontrolavirtualarmusingmovementofhisorherdiaphragm.Theyfoundthatdiaphragmcontroldoesnotinterferewithactionslikecontrollingone’sphysiological(生理的)arms,one’sspeechorgaze.(为了进一步探索，研究人员首先建立了一个虚拟环境来测试健康用户通过移动隔膜来控制虚拟手臂的能力。他们发现，控制横膈膜不会干扰控制生理手臂、说话或凝视等行为)”；第四段“Inthisvirtualrealitysetup,theuserisequippedwithabeltthatmeasuresdiaphragmmovement.Wearingavirtualrealityheadset,theuserseesthreearms:therightarmandhand,theleftarmandhand,andathirdarmbetweenthetwowithasymmetric(对称),six-fingeredhand.(在这个虚拟现实设置中，用户配备了测量隔膜运动的皮带。戴上虚拟现实耳机，用户可以看到三只手臂：右臂和右手，左臂和左手，以及介于两者之间的第三只手臂，它有一只对称的六指手)”以及第五段“Inthevirtualenvironment,theuseristhenhintedtoreachoutwitheitherthelefthand,therighthand,orinthemiddlewiththesymmetrichand.Intherealenvironment,theuserholdsontoanexoskeleton(外骨骼)withbotharms,whichallowsforcontrolofthevirtualleftandrightarms.Movementdetectedbythebeltaroundthediaphragmisusedforcontrollingthevirtualmiddle,symmetricarm.Thesetupwastestedon61healthysubjects(受试者)inover150sessions.(在虚拟环境中，然后提示用户伸出左手，右手或中间的对称手。在真实环境中，用户用双臂抓住外骨骼，这样就可以控制虚拟的左右手臂。由围绕隔膜的皮带检测到的运动用于控制虚拟中间，对称手臂。该装置在61名健康受试者身上进行了150多次测试)”可推知，作者采用详细描述相关研究过程的手法来论证本文的中心。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ournextstepistoexploretheuseofmorecomplexroboticdevicesusingourvariouscontrolstrategies,toperformreal-lifetasks,bothinsideandoutsideofthelaboratory.(我们的下一步是探索使用更复杂的机械设备，使用我们的各种控制策略，在实验室内外执行现实生活中的任务)”可知，本文将继续阐述如何拓展可控性机械设备的研究。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Autonomy-supportiveparentingisanapproachthatfocusesonbuildingachild’ssenseofagencyintheworldaswellasastrongsenseofself.____16____Weshouldrecognizethatchildrenhaveadifferentperspectiveorexperiencethanadults.Therefore,insteadofpushingadults’wayofthinkingonchildren,adultsshouldletkidsdotheirowncriticalthinkingandsolveproblemsthemselves,whichwillhelpthemtrusttheirabilities.GuidekidstofindtheirownsolutionAsanyparentwithmorethanonechildcantellyou,kidsdevelopdifferently.____17____Whileonechildmayfinditeasytostarttheirhomeworkindependently,theothermightnotbeaself-starter.Sowepushourkidstothenextlevelbyknowingtheirskilllevelandmeetingthemthere.Letkidsfindtheirownfun____18____Itreallyisharmtothem.Italsosetsusuptobetheircruise(航行)directorsatalltimes.That’sahugeburdenonus!Lettingchildrenfindtheirownthingtodowhenboredomstrikesallowsthemtobecomeself-sufficientandusetheirimaginationtofindfunontheirown.Beingsympatheticdoesn’tmeangivinginAnothercharacteristicofautonomy-supportiveparentingisbeingopen,curious,andflexible.Trustingchildrentobeaccountabletothemselves(oractinglikeit)istheonlywayyouwillknowifyourchildwillbearesponsible,independentadult.Forexample,ifyouaskyourchildwhentheythinkisthebesttimetodotheirhomework,andtheytellyouit’sinthemorningbeforeschoolbegins,supportthemandletthemtryit,nomatterhowstrangeitsounds.____19____Don’tforgettosupportyourselfOnceyougraspautonomy-supportiveparenting,you’llseeopportunitiestoputitintopractice.Nomatterhowoldyourkidis,adoptingthisstylewillnotbeeasy.____20____Ifyougethardonyourselfbecauseyou’renotmeasuringup,you’remorelikelytoreturntothecontrollingpractices.A.Itmaywork.B.Ourkidsdon’tknowhowtomanageboredom.C.Thatcanmeanwehavetosupportthemindifferentways.D.Soforgiveyourselfifthingsdon’tgorightonaparticularday.E.Andtheymaynotknowyet,butit’sgoodforthemtothinkaboutit.F.Somedaysarejustgoingtobemoreautonomy-supportivethanothers.G.It’stryingtounderstandchildren’sexperienceofwhat’sgoingonrightnow.【答案】16.G17.C18.B19.A20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍使用自主支持型养育方法时需要注意的四个方面。【16题详解】根据下文“Weshouldrecognizethatchildrenhaveadifferentperspectiveorexperiencethanadults.”（我们应该认识到，儿童的观点和经历与成人不同。）可知，空处承接下文说的是要理解孩子。故G选项“图理解孩子们对正在发生的事情的体验”切题。故选G项。【17题详解】根据上文“Asanyparentwithmorethanonechildcantellyou,kidsdevelopdifferently.”（任何有不止一个孩子的父母都会告诉你，孩子们的发展是不同的）可知，空处与上文为因果关系。故C选项“这可能意味着我们必须以不同的方式支持他们”切题，说明了家长应该怎么做。故选C项。【18题详解】根据下文“Itreallyisharmtothem.Italsosetsusuptobetheircruise(航行)directorsatalltimes.”（这对孩子来说是一种伤害，而且需要父母随时成为他们的巡航指挥）可知，孩子们不知道如何应对无聊，所以带来了伤害。故B选项“我们的孩子不知道如何应对无聊”切题。故选B项。【19题详解】根据上文“Forexample,ifyouaskyourchildwhentheythinkisthebesttimetodotheirhomework,andtheytellyouit’sinthemorningbeforeschoolbegins,supportthemandletthemtryit,nomatterhowstrangeitsounds.”（如果你问你的孩子什么时候是做家庭作业的最佳时间，并且他们告诉你是在早上上学前，那你就支持他们，让他们试一试，无论这听起来多么奇怪）可知，空处说明产生的效果。故A选项“这可能会奏效”切题。故选A项。【20题详解】根据“Don’tforgettosupportyourself”（别忘了支持自己）以及“Nomatterhowoldyourkidis,adoptingthisstylewillnotbeeasy.”（管你的孩子多大，采用这种方式并不容易）可知，如果某一天事情不顺利，请原谅自己。故D选项“如果某一天事情不顺利，请原谅自己”切题。故选D项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)In2017,BarbaraandJeandecidedtospreadtheholidayspiritwithChristmasgifts.Littledidtheyknowthatthissimpleactof____21____woulddevelopintoaheartwarmingtraditionand,____22____,thecreationoftheirnonprofitorganization,Resident’sHope.Intheir____23____year,theyspentaround$120toprovideChristmasgiftsfor13individualsatNursesHelpingHands.Thejoyand____24____theywitnessedinspiredthemto____25____amoreambitiousmission—tobringthe____26____ofChristmastoasmanynursinghomeresidentsaspossible.FastforwardtoChristmasDayin2022,andthedynamictwo____27____anincrediblemilestone.ThroughtheirnonprofitResident’sHope,theyhadthe____28____ofservingover400individualsacrossfivedifferentnursinghomefacilities.The____29____growthoftheirinitiative(行动)wasa______30______totheirconsistentcommitmenttomakingapositiveimpactonthelivesofthoseoften______31______duringtheholidayseason.Thisheartwarmingsuccess______32______BarbaraandJeantotaketheirmissiontothenextlevel.InJuly2023,they______33______foundedResident’sHopeasanonprofitorganization.Their______34______initiative,theChristmasGivingevent,becamethedrivingforcebehindtheircause.“Ourorganization______35______tonursinghomefacilities,shopsforpersonalizedgifts,elegantlywrapsthemwiththeirsignaturebow,andensures______36______deliverysothatresidentscanenjoyChristmaspresents,”thefounders______37______.Resident’sHopehasbecomea______38______forseniorsinnursinghomes,offeringnotjustgifts,butasenseofcommunityandconnectionduringtheholidayseason.Theorganization’simpact______39______togrow,andthefoundersaredeterminedtomakeeachChristmasbrighterforthosewhomayotherwisebe______40______.21.A.kindness B.bravery C.wisdom D.politeness22.A.probably B.ultimately C.entirely D.obviously23.A.last B.second C.next D.first24.A.gratitude B.curiosity C.commitment D.sympathy25.A.sumup B.cutin C.kickoff D.findout26.A.custom B.celebration C.routine D.magic27.A.described B.searched C.achieved D.designed28.A.habit B.privilege C.impression D.risk29.A.sharp B.past C.reliable D.equal30.A.way B.demonstration C.chance D.challenge31.A.deserted B.ignored C.stressed D.received32.A.promised B.invited C.pushed D.forced33.A.fortunately B.casually C.officially D.exactly34.A.casual B.temporary C.spiritual D.typical35A.moveson B.passesdown C.reachesout D.givesin36.A.urgent B.daily C.direct D.timely37.A.remarked B.agreed C.asse