专题-05-气候变化-零碳排放-2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(5)Climatechange气候变化Heatisland热岛主题语境：人与自然主题语境内容：人与环境【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）OnMarch

13th,as

commuters（每日往返上班者）

streamed

outofChhatrapatiShivajiTerminus,a

gothic

revival

masterpiece（哥特式复兴建筑——贾特拉帕蒂·希瓦吉终点站）

inMumbai,India’s

commercial

capital,theywere

confronted

withtemperaturesapproaching

40°C,nearly

7°Cabovenormalforthetimeofyear.Thecityisinthemidstofadebilitating

heatwave,its

13thinthepastfivedecades,nearlyhalfofwhich

occurred

inthepast

15

years.Mumbai’saveragetemperaturehasincreasedbyover

1°Cinthatperiod.Hadthose

commuters

crossed

thestreetfromthe

station

andenteredthecity’s

grand

headquartersthatday,theymighthavefoundcausefor

optimism.Thatafternoonpoliticiansfromthe

authorityandthestateofMaharashtra,ofwhichMumbaiisthe

capital,had

gathered

to

unveil

（揭露）a“climateactionplan”.Thecityaimstoreachnet-zero

emissions

by

2050,twodecadesearlierthanthe

target

setbythenationalgovernment.Mumbaiis

extremely

vulnerable

toclimatechange.A

narrow

and

densely

populated（人口密集的）

island,surroundedonthreesidesbytheArabianSea,itis

attacked

by

monsoon(季候风)

rainsforfourmonthsayearand

routinely

subjectto

flooding,especiallyduringhightide.Thatisbadenoughforthecity’s

apartment-dwellers（公寓居民）.Butitisevenworseforthe

42%ofthepopulationwholivein

slums（贫民窟）,whicharelikely

tobewashedawayor

buried

by

landslides（山体滑坡）.

The

key

oftheplanisa

proposal

todecarbonise（去碳化）Mumbai’senergy.Generatingthecity’selectricity,whichproducesnearlytwo-thirdsofthecity’s

emissions,

relies

mostlyon

burning

fossilfuels,

particularly

coal.Thecitywantstoincreasetheshareofrenewables（可再生资源）.Itislooking,forinstanceinto

installing

solar

panels（装太阳能电池板）

on

rooftops.Another

priority

istoimprovethequalityandefficiencyofthecity’sbuildings.

Slums,especially,areheatislands.Madeofwhatever

materials

areathandorcheaplyavailable,theyarefiveorsixdegreeshotterthan

structuresofgoodquality,makingthem,asthereportputsit,“uninhabitable(不适于居住的)”onhotdays.Moreover,theheat,

damp

and

cramped(狭窄的)

conditionsmake

slum

residentsmore

vulnerable

todisease—alessobviousriskofclimatechange.

Theplanis,however,

short

ondetailsofhowtoachieveitsambitions.Still,in

publishing

oneatallMumbaihasledthewayamongSouthAsian

metropolises(大都市).Othercitiesare

keen

tofollow

suit,saysShrutiNarayanofC40,whohelpedwiththereport.ChennaiandBangaloreinthesouthhavestartedworkontheirplans.Others,includingDelhiandKolkatainIndia,DhakainBangladeshandKarachiinPakistanhaveexpressedinterestindoingsomethingsimilar.ThereisplentyinMumbai’s

240documentto

inspire

them.Oneisthefactthatitdoesnot

rely

onusing

technologies

thatdonotyetexist,a

criticism

atmanycountries’national

proposals.Anotheristheattentiongivento

adaptation

(coping

withallthebadthingsalreadyhappening)andnotjust

reducingfuture

emissions.

​Detailsmayanywaybebesidethepoint.TherealvalueofMumbai’splanisasasignalling

device(信号装置)

that“focusestheattentionofpolicymakers”,statesAbhasJha,aclimate

specialist

attheWorldBank.TheParisAgreement,which

committed

theworldtothegoalofkeepingtheriseintemperaturestolessthan

2°Cabovepre-industrial

levels,workedinmuchthesameway,leavingcountriesto

hash

outdetailslater.Time,though,isgettingevershorter.【课标词汇】stream（一群人，东西）涌，涌动；流动Hewaswatchingthetaxisstreamingpast.他看着出租车一辆接着一辆地驶过。Myeyeswerestreaming.我泪水涟涟。commercial商业的；商务的；贸易的•acommercialorganization/venture/success商业组织／企业／成功Whethertheprojectwillbeacommercialsuccessisstilluncertain.这个项目是否赚钱还是个未知数。confront面对，面临；遭遇；直面，正视It'sanissuewe'llhavetoconfrontatsomepoint,nomatterhowunpleasantitis.不管它有多讨厌，我们终究要面对这个问题。IthoughtIwouldremaincalm,butwhenIwasconfrontedwith/bytheTVcamera,Ibecameverynervous.我以为我会保持镇静，可是面对电视镜头，我却变得紧张万分。approach靠近；接近；临近Wecouldjustseethetrainapproachinginthedistance.我们刚好能看到火车从远处驶来。Thetotalamountraisedsofarisapproaching(=almost)$1000.目前筹集到的金额总数将近1000美元了。normal普通的；平常的；通常的Livelybehaviourisnormalforafour-year-oldchild.四岁的孩子好动是正常的。It'snormalforcouplestoarguenowandthen.夫妻之间偶尔发生口角是很平常的。occur发生Anaccidentinvolvingovertenvehicleshasoccurredintheeast-boundlane.在东向车道上发生了一起涉及十多辆汽车的交通事故。Violenceofsomesortseemstooccurineverysociety.每个社会似乎都会存在某种形式的暴力。average平均的;普通的；平常的；中等的；一般的averageearnings/income/rainfall平均工资／收入／降雨量Theaveragepersoninthestreetisalotbetteroffthantheywerefortyyearsago.再普通再一般的人也要比40年前富裕多了。Thecarswerebeingsoldatanaveragepriceof$11000.这批汽车的平均售价是1万美元。cross越过；横穿；横渡；横跨It'snotagoodplacetocrosstheroad.这里不适宜穿越马路。Lookbothwaysbeforeyoucrossover(=crosstheroad).过马路前先要左右看看。grand壮丽的；堂皇的；重大的:

It'snotaverygrandhouse.这房子并不是十分富丽堂皇。

Theweddingwasaverygrandoccasion.婚礼场面非常隆重。optimism乐观；乐观主义Therewasanoteofoptimisminhisvoiceashespokeaboutthecompany'sfuture.谈到公司的未来，他语气里带着乐观情绪。Therewasoptimismthatanagreementcouldbereached.有一种乐观情绪，认为能够达成一项协议。gather收集，搜集；聚集，集拢Iwenttoseverallibrariestogatherinformationaboutthescheme.我去了数家图书馆去搜集有关这一计划的资料。Wegatheredourthingstogetherandleftquickly.我们收拾好自己的东西赶快离开了。emission气体、热量、光线等的）排放，散发，射出•carbondioxideemissions二氧化碳的排放Theemissionofgasessuchascarbondioxideshouldbestabilisedattheirpresentlevel...二氧化碳等气体的排放应该稳定在当前水平。target

（想要实现的）目标HigherdegreesinEnglishareatargetforforeignstudents.获得更高的英语学位是外国学生的目标。Thegovernmentmayfailtomeet(=achieve)itstargetofrecycling25%ofdomesticwaste.政府可能完不成回收利用25%的生活垃圾的目标。extremely

非常；极端；极其Theyplayedextremelywell.他们演奏得非常精彩。She'sextremelybeautiful.她非常美丽。vulnerable受伤的；易受影响（或攻击）的；脆弱的Ifeltveryvulnerable,standingtherewithoutanyclotheson.一丝不挂地站在那里，我感觉自己非常脆弱，不堪一击。HetookadvantageofmewhenIwasatmymostvulnerable.他在我最脆弱的时候利用了我。narrow狭窄的;狭隘的;勉强的；差距微小的anarrowbridge/passage/gap狭窄的桥梁／通道／缝隙Theyareunabletoseebeyondthenarrowworldofthetheatre.他们看不到狭小的戏剧界以外的天地。Wewonanarrowvictory.我们险胜。routinely

日常地，常规地Healthandsafetyrulesareroutinelyflouted/ignored.卫生和安全法规经常被忽视。Thisvaccineisalreadyroutinelyused.这种疫苗已经作为常规使用。besubjectto受…的，常受…的；易患…的•Inrecentyears,shehasbeensubjecttoattacksofdepression.近年来，她一直饱受忧郁症的折磨。Flightsaresubjecttodelaybecauseofthefog.由于有雾，航班可能延误。bury掩埋，埋藏Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandbegantosob.她双手掩面开始啜泣。Theskierswereburiedunderthesnow.滑雪者被埋在了积雪的下面。proposal

建议；计划；提案Congresshasrejectedthelatesteconomicproposalputforwardbythepresident.议会否决了总统最近提出的经济计划。Thecommitteeputforwardaproposaltoreducethetimelimit.该委员会提出了一个缩短时限的建议。generate（以某种形式）产生，发生（能量等）Windturbinesgenerateelectricityforthelocalcommunity.风轮机为当地社区发电。Thecompany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoalto

generate

power.新英格兰电力公司用煤发电。particularly特别，尤其，异乎寻常地Stevewasinaparticularlybadmoodwhenhegotback.史蒂夫回来时情绪特别不好。Therestaurantisparticularlypopularwithyoungpeople.那家餐厅尤其受到年轻人的欢迎。Wearehopingtoexpandourbusiness,particularlyinEurope.我们希望扩大业务，尤其是在欧洲。install安装，设置〔设备〕:

Securitycamerashavebeeninstalledinthecitycentre.

在市中心已安装了一些监控摄像机。Theyhadinstalledanewphonelineintheapartment.他们已经在公寓里装上了新的电话线。priority优先考虑的事Mendingthelightsisaprioritytask(=moreimportantthanotherjobs).修灯这个任务更重要。Banksnormallygiveprioritytolargebusinesseswhendecidingonloans(=Theydealwiththemfirstbecausetheyconsiderthemmostimportant).银行在发放贷款时通常优先考虑大企业。efficiency效率；效能Whatissoimpressiveabouttheirsocietyistheefficiencyofthepublicservices.他们的社会给人留下最深刻印象的是其高效率的公共服务。Therearemanywaystoincreaseagriculturalefficiencyinthepoorerareasoftheworld.有很多方法能够提高世界贫困地区的农业效率。athand（时间上）临近；在附近Recenteconomicperformancesuggeststhatamajorcrisisisathand.最近的经济表现预示着一场重大的危机可能即将到来。Peterturnedhisattentiontothetaskathand.彼得将注意力转移到手头的工作上。available可利用的；可获得的;可取得联系的；有空的Fundsareavailabletoassistteacherswhowanttoattendtheconference.想参加大会的教师可获得资助。Parkingisreadilyavailablenearthestationentrance.车站入口附近停车很方便。damp潮湿的，湿淋淋的Thegrassisstilldamp.草还有些潮湿。Itwasadamp,mistymorning.那是一个潮湿而又雾气蒙蒙的早晨。ambition强烈欲望，野心；雄心，抱负，志向Herambitionwastobecomeamodel.她的志向是要成为时装模特。Heachievedhisambitionofmakingafortune.他已实现了发财的雄心。publish公布；出版；发表ThenamesofthewinnersofthecompetitionwillbepublishedinJune.竞赛优胜者名单将于六月份公布。Shewasonly19whenherfirstnovelwaspublished.她的第一部小说出版时她年仅19岁。keen热衷的；热心的；渴望的She'sakeentennisplayer她热衷于打网球。She'skeenon(playing)tennis.她很喜欢打网球。follow

suit跟着做，照着做，仿效:Budgetcompanieshavebeensosuccessfulthatotherairlineshavehadtofollowsuitandlowertheirfares.

廉价航空公司很成功，其他航空公司只得仿效，降低票价。inspire激励，鼓舞;唤起，激起;赋予灵感；激发（想法）AfterhertriptoVenezuela,shefeltinspiredtolearnSpanish.委内瑞拉之行促使她下定决心学习西班牙语。Thedesignofthecarhasinspiredmanyimitations.受这款车设计的启发出现了很多模仿品。technology技术（学）；应用技术；（尤指）工业技术•computertechnology电脑技术Advancesintechnologyhaveimprovedcropyieldsbyover30%.科技的进步使庄稼的产量提高了30%以上。Therehavebeenmajornewdevelopmentsinsatellitetechnology.卫星技术有了重大的新发展。adaptation适应

Mostlivingcreaturesarecapableofadaptationwhencompelledtodoso.大多数生物都能在迫于压力的情况下适应新环境。cope

with（人）应付；（妥善）处理Itmustbedifficulttocopewiththreesmallchildrenandajob.要照顾三个小孩还要工作肯定不容易。

Localauthoritieshavetocopewiththeproblemsofhomelessness.

当局需要解决人们无家可归的问题。commit承诺，保证；（使）忠于；（使）致力于；投入（时间或金钱）Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.政府必须致力改善医疗保健服务。TheycalledonWesternnationstocommitmoremoneytothepoorestnations...他们呼吁西方国家向极端贫困国家投入更多的钱。hash

out详细讨论ThereorganizationplanwashashedoutSeptember16.重组计划在9月16号进行了充分讨论。【课标词汇精练】根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。Ifanyofthesesymptomswhileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.TheageoftheUSsoldierswhofoughtintheVietnamWarwas19.thebridgeandturnrightatthefirstsetoftrafficlights.Thecompany'sgrandwastobecomethefirstandbiggestglobalairline.Judgingfromyourexaminationresults,Ithinkyouhavecause/grounds/reasonforcautiousaboutgettingauniversityplace.Sheupthenewspapersthatwerescatteredaroundthefloor.TheGreenPartyhavecalledforasubstantialreductionintheofgreenhousegasesbytheUK.Iwokeupinthenight,withsweat.Thefutureofthecompanylooksverypromising.Iwasimpressedbythewithwhichshehandledthecrisis.Wewanttoensurethathelpis(=easilyavailable)forallchildrensufferingabuse.Meetingswereheldtoupdateemployeesassoonasnewinformationbecame.

VitaminKisgiveninthefirstweekoflifetopreventbleeding.•Alltraintimesarechangeinbadweatherconditions.Touristsaremoretoattack,becausetheydonotknowwhichareasofthecitytoavoid.Awomanhadaescapeyesterdaywhenhercarlefttheroad.Shefearedshewouldn'tbeabletotwonewbabies.Oncewetothiscourseofactionthereisnogoingback.Assheleftthecourt,shebyangrycrowdswhotriedtoblockherway.Ifyoulookoutofthewindowontheleftofthebus,you'llseethatwe'renowtheTowerofLondon.Thegovernment'sof3.5%annualgrowthseemseasilyattainable.Earthquakesaredifficulttopredict.Wesomeofthedetailsoftheplan.They'vethenewcomputernetworkatlast.Britishfarmers,thoseproducinglamb,areveryworried.Evolutionoccursasaresultoftonewenvironments.Thisshirtstillfeelsabit.Lifeofferedfewopportunitiesforyoungpeoplewith.TheGovernmentfigureseverysixmonthsshowinghowmanypeopleareunemployed.Theywereverytostartworkassoonaspossible.Thecaptain'sheroiceffortthemwithdetermination.Whatthiscountryneedsisalong-termpolicyforinvestmentinscienceand.Themanagementdidnotseemtoconsiderofficesafetytobea.He'dhadtohispainovertheyears.Therehasbeenanangryreactiontothegovernment'storeduceunemploymentbenefit.Thewindfarmmaybeabletoenoughelectricity/powerfor2000homes.Keys:occur服药期间如果产生了这些症状中的任何一种，要立即就医。average参加越南战争的美国士兵平均年龄是19岁。Cross过桥后在第一个红绿灯处右拐。ambition公司的远大目标是要成为全球首位的，也是最大的航空公司。optimism从你的考试成绩来看，我认为你有理由对在大学得到一席位持谨慎的乐观态度。gathered她把散落在地板上的报纸收拾起来。emission绿党要求英国切实减少温室气体的排放量。streaming我夜里醒来，浑身冒汗。commercial这家公司的商业前景看起来非常光明。efficiency她应变效率之高给我留下了深刻的印象。athand我们想确保所有遭受虐待的儿童都能随时得到帮助。available

一有新的信息就开会告诉了员工routinely出生后第一周通常要服用维生素K，以防止出血subjectto在恶劣的天气状况下，所有列车时刻都常有变动。vulnerable游客更容易受到攻击，因为他们不知道城里哪些地方不该去。narrow昨天一名女子的汽车冲出公路，险些酿成大祸。copewith她担心自己无法应付两个刚出生的宝宝。havecommitted一旦我们承诺采取这个行动，就没有回头路。wasconfronted她离开法庭时，愤怒的人群试图拦住她的去路。approaching如果你从公车左侧的视窗望出去，就可以看到我们正在驶向伦敦塔。target政府制定的3.5%的年增长目标似乎很容易实现。extremely预测地震极其困难。hashedout我们详细讨论确定了计划的一些细节。installed他们终于安装了新计算机网络。particularly英国农夫，尤其是养羊羔的农夫，非常担忧。adaptation进化是生物适应新环境的结果。damp这件衬衫摸上去还有点湿的。ambition生活给予雄心勃勃的年轻人的机会很少。publishes政府每半年公布一次失业人数。keen他们渴望尽早开始工作。