江西省重点中学盟校2023-2024学年高三下学期第一次联考英语试题（解析版）

江西省重点中学盟校2024届高三第一次联考英语试卷注意事项：1.答卷前，号生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?A.Hecan’tbuytraintickets.B.Hegoestothewrongplatform.C.He’sunsureofthetrainschedule.2.Whowillprobablyhelpthewoman?A.Asalesperson.B.Arepairman.C.Amachinedesigner.3.Wheredidthespeakersprobablyknoweachother?A.Atapark.B.Atacompany.C.Atasoccerteam.4.Whenwillthespeakersmostlikelymeetnext?A.OnJune15th.B.OnJune22nd.C.OnJune29th.5.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Sharinghistoricalknowledge.B.Doingaschoolproject.C.Cheeringthewomanup.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Employerandemployee.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Friends.7.Whichtypeofmoviedothespeakerslikemost?A.Mysteryfilms.B.Comedyfilms.C.Actionfilms.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whoisthewoman?A.Anorganizer.B.Avolunteer.C.Abusinesswoman.9.Whydoesthewomanholdtheevent?A.Toputonvariousshows.B.Tohelpthelocalhospital.C.Toattractmoreinvestment.10.Howcanthemanhelpthewoman?A.Bydonatingmoney.B.Byarrangingactivities.C.Bylookingforvolunteers.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdoesthemanfeelatfirst?A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Satisfied.12.Wheredothespeakersusuallygoonholiday?A.Inmountainregions.B.Inthecitycenter.C.Onthebeach.13.Whatdothespeakersprobablylearnnext?A.Skiing.B.Swimming.C.Sailingboats.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atschool.B.Atalocalpark.C.Atarestaurant.15.Whatwillthespeakersdotostarttheirnewplan?A.Bringtheirfriendstogether.B.Gettheirschool’ssupport.C.Setupalocalgroup.16.Whatistheevent’smaingoal?A.Settingupanorganization.B.Seekingfinancialsupport.C.Promotingpeople’sawareness.17.Whenwillthespeakershavetheirfirstmeeting?A.Tomorrow.B.Thisweekend.C.NextSaturday.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakerprobablydoing?A.Teachingaclass.B.Chairingameeting.C.Introducingapainting.19.Whatmadethedeepestimpressiononthespeaker?A.Theinkpaintings’history.B.Thebeautifulnaturallandscapes.C.Theinkpaintings’worldwideinfluence.20.Whatwillthespeakerprobablydonext?A.Sharehistravelstories.B.Showphotosoftigers.C.Analyzesomeartworks.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAreyoureadytogobig,brightandboldthelastnightoftheyear?Ifso,thesedestinationsaroundtheworldhaveawell-deservedreputationforthrowingagreatNewYear’sEvegala.BangkokBangkokoftencomestomindwhentravelersseekoutAsia’sbestnightlifecities.Soit’sanaturalplacetoringinthenewyearifyoulikecrowds,brightlights,noiseandcarnivals.YoumaywanttocontinuethecelebrationatoneofBangkok’sstunningbarssuchasSkyBeachBangkok,thecity’shighestbar,orSirocco,alsosethighabovethebustlingstreets.RiodeJaneiroIfyouwanttogreetanewyearwithabout3millionothersoulsinawarmbeachresortwithstrongBrazilianatmosphere,headtoRiodeJaneiro.ThemaingatheringatCopacabanaBeach,whichstartsevenbeforedark,traditionallyfeaturesavarietyofmusicalactsandfireworks.IfyouwanttopartyinclassicRiostyle,payavisittoJobiBar.It’sasocialinstitutioninthecity,havingbeenopensincethe1950s.NewYorkCityTimesSquareinManhattan-it’ssynonymouswithNewYear’sEveacrosstheUnitedStates.Evenifyouhaven’tbeenthereinpersonforthe10-9-8countdown,there’sagoodchancethatyou’vewatchedthefamousballdropontelevision.Ifyoudon’tfeellikejammingintoTimesSquarewithwhatmustfeellikehalfofallhumanity,setofffireworksandfunatGrandArmyPlaza,whichisjustoffProspectParkinBrooklyn.1.Whatdothethreespotshaveincommon?A.Youcanseetheballdrop. B.YoucanexperiencetheBrazilianatmosphere.C.Youcanbesurroundedbymassesofpeople. D.Youcanappreciatethefireworksallnightlong.2.WhatcanyouexperienceinRiodeJaneiro?A.Arivercruise. B.Musicalperformances.C.Fireworksfromhilltops. D.DeliciousfoodinclassicRiostyle.3.WhereareAmericansmostlikelytogoonNewYear’sEve?A.JobiBar. B.TimesSquare. C.ProspectPark. D.CopacabanaBeach.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了三个著名的旅游胜地举办的盛大的跨年晚会。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Bangkok中关键句“Soit’sanaturalplacetoringinthenewyearifyoulikecrowds,brightlights,noiseandcarnivals.(因此，如果你喜欢人群、明亮的灯光、噪音和狂欢节，那么这里是迎接新年的自然之选)”，RiodeJaneiro中关键句“Ifyouwanttogreetanewyearwithabout3millionothersoulsinawarmbeachresortwithstrongBrazilianatmosphere,headtoRiodeJaneiro.(如果你想在温暖的海滩度假胜地和300万人一起迎接新的一年，那就去里约热内卢吧)”及NewYorkCity中关键句“Ifyoudon’tfeellikejammingintoTimesSquarewithwhatmustfeellikehalfofallhumanity,setofffireworksandfunatGrandArmyPlaza,whichisjustoffProspectParkinBrooklyn.(如果你不想和一半的人挤在时代广场，那就在布鲁克林展望公园旁边的陆军广场放烟花，尽情享受吧)”可知，这三处的共同点是你可能会被一大群人包围。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RiodeJaneiro中关键句“ThemaingatheringatCopacabanaBeach,whichstartsevenbeforedark,traditionallyfeaturesavarietyofmusicalactsandfireworks.(科帕卡巴纳海滩的主要聚会甚至在天黑之前就开始了，传统上以各种音乐表演和烟花为特色)”可知，在里约热内卢可以体验音乐表演。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据NewYorkCity中关键句“TimesSquareinManhattan-it’ssynonymouswithNewYear’sEveacrosstheUnitedStates.(曼哈顿时代广场——它是美国新年前夜的代名词)”及“Ifyoudon’tfeellikejammingintoTimesSquarewithwhatmustfeellikehalfofallhumanity,setofffireworksandfunatGrandArmyPlaza,whichisjustoffProspectParkinBrooklyn.(如果你不想和一半的人挤在时代广场，那就在布鲁克林展望公园旁边的陆军广场放烟花，尽情享受吧)”可推知，美国人在新年前夕最有可能去时代广场。故选B项。B“Mom?”echoedmydaughter’svoiceonmyphone.“I’vemessedup.”MyheartsankandIstartedtrembling.Iheardamaninstructinghertoliedownandmy15-year-olddaughter,Briana,wasataskiingcompetitionwithmyhusbandtwohoursaway,andIwasinmycar,pickinguphersisterAubrey,whois13,fromdanceclass.Overthephone,IheardBrianacryingandshouting,“Helpme!’Mybloodranicecoldandmylegsturnedtojelly.“Youneedtopay$1mifyouwanttoseeheragain,”themanthreatened.Ididn’thavethatkindofmoney,soagreedtogivehim$50,000.Nopartofmequestionedwhetherthiswasactuallyreal—everyinstinctwithinmewasscreamingouttodoanythingtosavemydaughter’slife.Comingoutofclasstohearwhattheemergencywasabout,Aubreywasthrownintoapanictoo.Oneofthemotherswhohadbeencalling911suspecteditwasanAIscamwhichusedvoiceclonesgeneratedbyartificialintelligence,oneofthelatesttechniquesusedbycriminalshopingtoswindlepeopleoutofmoney.ButIjustcouldn’tacceptit.Iwouldn’thavemistakenaboutmydaughter’svoice.Eventually,myhusbandconfirmedBriana’ssafety,tomyrelief.ButIwasdevastatedtohearthatthepoliceonlyconsideredthisafakecall,andwouldn’tinvestigateitbecausenoonehadbeenhurtandnomoneyhadbeentaken.Theysaidtherehadbeenmanyreportsofthemrecently…Reunitingwiththefamily,weheldtogether,gratefulforoursafety.It’ssaidthatallyouneedisthreesecondsofaudiotocopyaperson’svoice.I’mnervousabouthownewtechnologylikeAIcanbeusedtoharmchildren.Havingseenfirst-handhowscarythesethingscanbe,Iamdeterminedtoprotectmyfamilyandothersfromsimilarthreatsinthefuture.4.Whatdidthemotherfeelwhenshereceivedthecall?A.Frightened. B.Relieved. C.Frustrated. D.Annoyed.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthecall?A.Itthreatenedthedaughters’life.B.Itwasconfirmedbythehusband.C.Therearemanysuccessfulreportsofthemrecently.D.Therewasalackofevidenceforthepolicetotakeaction.6.WhatwilltheauthordoconcerningAIaftertheincident?A.EmbraceAIwithoutcaution. B.MindthefutureharmofAI.C.RelymoreonAIforsafetymeasures. D.QuestiontheroleofAIintheincident.7.WhoismostlikelytobethetargetofAIscamaccordingtothetext?A.Middleschoolstudentswholikestreamingvideos.B.GrandparentswholikewatchingsoapoperasonTV.C.ParentswhosharevideosoftheirchildrenonTiktok.D.Youngpeoplewhoareaddictedtoonlinevideogames.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者经历的一次利用人工智能的骗局。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“MyheartsankandIstartedtrembling.(我的心一沉，开始颤抖)”和“Mybloodranicecoldandmylegsturnedtojelly.(我的血液变得冰冷，我的腿紧张得发软)”可知，作为母亲的作者接到电话后感到非常害怕。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ButIwasdevastatedtohearthatthepoliceonlyconsideredthisafakecall,andwouldn’tinvestigateitbecausenoonehadbeenhurtandnomoneyhadbeentaken.(但当我听说警方只是认为这是一个假电话，因为没有人受伤，也没有钱被拿走，所以不会调查这件事时，我非常震惊)”可知，因为缺乏证据，警方无法对该电话采取行动。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I’mnervousabouthownewtechnologylikeAIcanbeusedtoharmchildren.Havingseenfirst-handhowscarythesethingscanbe,Iamdeterminedtoprotectmyfamilyandothersfromsimilarthreatsinthefuture.(我很担心像人工智能这样的新技术会被用来伤害儿童。亲眼目睹了这些事情有多可怕，我决心在未来保护我的家人和其他人免受类似的威胁)”可知，在这件事之后，作者决定要留心人工智能未来的危害。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’ssaidthatallyouneedisthreesecondsofaudiotocopyaperson’svoice.(据说你只需要三秒钟的音频就能复制一个人的声音)”可知，复制一个人的声音需要至少三秒钟的音频。由此推知，在抖音上分享孩子视频的父母最有可能成为人工智能骗局的目标。故选C项。CThereareamassofmythsaboutreindeer,andatleastoneofthemistrue:Theyliveinfar-offareasthatgetplentifulsnow.Livinginthatwinterwonderlandcanbeachallengewhenyourfavoritefoodiswhite,butscientistshavebeenawareofforawhilethatreindeer’svisionispeculiarandthattheycandetectultravioletlight(紫外线),whichcandirectlypassthrougheyes’tissuesandmakecontactwiththeretina(视网膜)inreindeerbutcanbeharmfultohumaneyes.Onepotentialexplanationforitsspecialvisionisprotectionfrompredators.Awhitewolfonsnowmightbedifficulttobeseenforhumanbutappeardarkertoareindeerduetothereflectionofultravioletlightbysnowandabsorptionbythewolf’shair.Thatalsoappliestofindingfood.Forreindeer,theirdietismostlycomprisedoflichens(地衣),someofwhicharewhiteandcangetcoveredinsnow.Soaresearchteamfocusedontheparticularlichensthatreindeereattofigureouthowtheorganisms’interactionwithlightaffectedhowthereindeerwouldseethem.Dominyexplainedthat,justlikethewolves,thelichenspopoutagainstthewhitesnowforareindeerlookingaroundforfood.Whatislikewisevitalforreindeeristhatanextralayerintheirretinasadjustsinthewinter—whenit’ssnowyanddark—tobecomemoresensitivetothatultravioletlight.RobertFosbury,aretiredastrophysicistwhonowstudiestherelationshipbetweenlightandlife,saidthatextralayeriscommonamongmanyanimals,butnotitsvariability.Reindeervisionisveryspecialinthatit’sreallytheonlyanimalthatisknowntodramaticallychangeitsvisualcapabilitiesbetweenthewinterandthesummer.There’sstillmoretolearnaboutthereindeer’seyes,likewhethereatingthoselichenscanevenprotectthemagainstpotentialdamagefromtheultravioletlight.Inthemeantime.DominysaidonedefinitewayyouandyourkidscankeepthosespecialeyeshealthyiswithvitaminC,whichhasbeenshowntoshieldeyesfromultravioletlightdamage.8.Whichstatementregardingultravioletlightistrue?A.Itcanhardlypassrightthroughreindeereyesandcontactwithretina.B.ItsdamagetohumaneyescanbehealedthroughVitaminC.Whensnowyanddark,itismoreeasilydetectedbyreindeerretina.D.Itdoesharmtobothreindeereyesandhumaneyes.9.Whydothelichenspopoutagainstthewhitesnowforthereindeer?A.Thelichensabsorbsultravioletlightreflectedbysnow.B.Thelichensarefamiliartothereindeer.C.Thecolorofthelichensisthesameasthesnow.D.Extralayerinreindeerretinasadjustsbecauseoftheultravioletlight.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph3probablymean?A.Changeability. B.Reliability. C.Stability. D.Capability.11.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Reindeereyescanadjustwiththehelpofultravioletlight.B.Theuniquenessofreindeereyesaidsthemtofindfoodinthesnow.C.Ultravioletlightcanhelpreindeertosurviveinthesnow.D.Theretinaofreindeerisdifferentfromthatofhumankind.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了驯鹿眼睛的独特性帮助它们在雪地里寻找食物。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Livinginthatwinterwonderlandcanbeachallengewhenyourfavoritefoodiswhite,butscientistshavebeenawareofforawhilethatreindeer’svisionispeculiarandthattheycandetectultravioletlight(紫外线),whichcandirectlypassthrougheyes’tissuesandmakecontactwiththeretina(视网膜)inreindeerbutcanbeharmfultohumaneyes.(当你最喜欢的食物是白色的时候，生活在冬日仙境可能是一个挑战，但科学家们已经意识到驯鹿的视力很特殊，它们可以探测到紫外线，紫外线可以直接穿过驯鹿的眼睛组织并与视网膜接触，但对人类的眼睛有害。)”以及第三段中“Whatislikewisevitalforreindeeristhatanextralayerintheirretinasadjustsinthewinter—whenit’ssnowyanddark—tobecomemoresensitivetothatultravioletlight.(对驯鹿来说同样重要的是，它们的视网膜上额外的一层在冬天进行调整——当下雪和黑暗的时候——对紫外线更敏感。)”可知，当下雪和天黑时，驯鹿的视网膜更容易检测到紫外线。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Awhitewolfonsnowmightbedifficulttobeseenforhumanbutappeardarkertoareindeerduetothereflectionofultravioletlightbysnowandabsorptionbythewolf’shair.Thatalsoappliestofindingfood.Forreindeer,theirdietismostlycomprisedoflichens,someofwhicharewhiteandcangetcoveredinsnow.Soaresearchteamfocusedontheparticularlichensthatreindeereattofigureouthowtheorganisms’interactionwithlightaffectedhowthereindeerwouldseethem.Dominyexplainedthat,justlikethewolves,thelichenspopoutagainstthewhitesnowforareindeerlookingaroundforfood.(雪地上白狼对人类来说可能很难看到，但对驯鹿来说，由于雪反射紫外线和狼的毛发吸收，白狼的颜色会更暗。这也适用于寻找食物。对于驯鹿来说，它们的食物主要由地衣组成，其中一些是白色的，可以被雪覆盖。因此，一个研究小组专注于驯鹿吃的特定地衣，以弄清楚这种生物与光线的相互作用如何影响驯鹿看到它们的方式。多米尼解释说，就像狼一样，地衣在白雪的衬托下为四处寻找食物的驯鹿突然冒出来。)”可知，地衣吸收雪反射的紫外线，从而造成了与雪不同的颜色，导致地衣似乎会在白色的雪地上为驯鹿而冒出来一样，很容易被驯鹿看到。故选A。【10题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第三段中划线词所在句下文“Reindeervisionisveryspecialinthatit’sreallytheonlyanimalthatisknowntodramaticallychangeitsvisualcapabilitiesbetweenthewinterandthesummer.(驯鹿的视觉非常特别，因为它是唯一已知的在冬季和夏季之间视觉能力发生巨大变化的动物。)”可知，驯鹿的视觉具有可变性；由此可知，“RobertFosbury,aretiredastrophysicistwhonowstudiestherelationshipbetweenlightandlife,saidthatextralayeriscommonamongmanyanimals,butnotits

variability.(退休的天体物理学家罗伯特·福斯伯里(RobertFosbury)现在正在研究光与生命之间的关系，他说，在许多动物中，额外的一层是很常见的，但不是它的variability。)”中的划线词variability的含义是“可变性”，此句指的是“在许多动物中，额外的一层是很常见的，但是视觉能力具有可变性不常见。A.Changeability可变性，变动性；B.Reliability可靠性；C.Stability稳定性；D.Capability能力。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Thereareamassofmythsaboutreindeer,andatleastoneofthemistrue:Theyliveinfar-offareasthatgetplentifulsnow.Livinginthatwinterwonderlandcanbeachallengewhenyourfavoritefoodiswhite,butscientistshavebeenawareofforawhilethatreindeer’svisionispeculiarandthattheycandetectultravioletlight(紫外线),whichcandirectlypassthrougheyes’tissuesandmakecontactwiththeretina(视网膜)inreindeerbutcanbeharmfultohumaneyes.(当你最喜欢的食物是白色的时候，生活在冬日仙境可能是一个挑战，但科学家们已经意识到驯鹿的视力很特殊，它们可以探测到紫外线，紫外线可以直接穿过眼睛组织，与驯鹿的视网膜接触，但对人类的眼睛有害。)”可知，文章主要介绍了驯鹿眼睛的独特性帮助它们在雪地里寻找食物。故选B。DWiththefirstlunarlandingsbackinthe60s,itcanbehardtograspwhythemoonremainssuchatoughdestination.RecentlytheVulcanCentaurrocketsentthePeregrinespacecraftontheperfectflightforitslandmarkmissiontothemoon.Thesuccessprompteda“Yee-haw!”fromToryBruno,thechiefexecutiveofaprivatecompanywhichbuilttherocket:thiswastheVulcan’sfirstflight,aflawlesslaunch.Butitwasn’tlongbeforethemoodshifted,thecompanyfoundthespacecraftwasleakingfuel,withoutwhichthechancesoflandingsoftlyonthemoonrapidlyfelltozero.Onefundamentalchallenge,saysJanWörner,aformerdirectorgeneraloftheEuropeanSpaceAgency(Esa),isweight,asspacecraftmustbelightweightforsuccessfulflights.Plus,unlikemass-producedsystems,spacecraftlackstandardizeddesigns,makingeachmissionunique.Oncepositionedinspace,theyoperateindependentlywithnoopportunityforrepair.Testing,then,iscritical.Whilerocketscanbeputthroughtheirpaces,theoptionsaremorelimitedforspacecraft.Testscancheckwhetherpower,navigation,communicationsandinstrumentswork,andspacecraftareshakentoensuretheycanenduretheintensevibrationsoflaunch,butthereisnogoodwaytosimulate(模拟)amoonlanding.“Itismuchhardertoqualifyalunarlanderthanmanyotherspacesystems,”saysDettmann,Esa’slunarexplorationgroupleader.Despiteits70yearsofinstitutionalknowledgeandculturegearedtowardsdesigning,buildingandtestingspacecraft,NASA,however,islookingtocutdownoncostsandstimulatetheUSspaceindustrybypayingprivatecompanies,suchasAstroboticandtheHouston-basedIntuitiveMachines,todeliveritsinstrumentstothemoon.Thecompromiseisagreaterriskoffailure.“Thesecompaniesareallrelativelynew.AndcomparedtoNASA,theyaredoingthesemissionsonpocketchange,”saysDrJoshuaRasera.aresearchassociateatImperialCollegeLondon.Butthestrategyshouldpayoff,hesays,becausecompanieslearnfromtheirfailures.“Itstillendsupbeingcheaperoverthetotalnumberofmissions,”hesays,“evenifthefirstfewmaybecrash.”12.WhatpromptedapositivereactionfromToryBrunoaftertheVulcanCentaurrocket’slaunch?A.Itsflawlesslanding. B.Itssuccessfulnavigation.C.Itsfirstflightachievement. D.Itsperfectfuelconsumption.13.Whyisitmoredifficultinqualifyingalunarlandercomparedtootherspacesystems?A.Lackoftestingoptions. B.Difficultyinspacecraftdesign.C.Limitedinstitutionalknowledge. D.Intensevibrationsduringlaunch.14WhatisJoshuaRasera’sattitudetowardprivatecompanies?A.Dismissive. B.Unclear. C.Critical. D.Approving.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheMoon:WhyaToughDestination. B.PrivateCompanies:LessonstoLearn.C.MoonMission:ToLeaveortoContinue. D.Vulcan’sFirstFlight:AFlawlessLaunch.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了月球仍然是一个艰难的目的地的原因，并探讨了NASA和其他私人公司如何应对这些挑战。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thesuccessprompteda“Yee-haw!”fromToryBruno,thechiefexecutiveofaprivatecompanywhichbuilttherocket:thiswastheVulcan’sfirstflight,aflawlesslaunch.(这一成功促使制造火箭的一家私营公司的首席执行官托里·布鲁诺发出了“呀呼！”：这是火神号的首次飞行，是一次完美的发射)”可知，托里·布鲁诺在火箭成功发射后做出了积极反应，是因为这是火神号的首次飞行，是一次完美的发射。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Testing,then,iscritical.Whilerocketscanbeputthroughtheirpaces,theoptionsaremorelimitedforspacecraft.Testscancheckwhetherpower,navigation,communicationsandinstrumentswork,andspacecraftareshakentoensuretheycanenduretheintensevibrationsoflaunch,butthereisnogoodwaytosimulate(模拟)amoonlanding.(因此，测试至关重要。虽然火箭可以进行测试，但航天器的选择更为有限。测试可以检查电力、导航、通信和仪器是否工作，航天器是否受到震动，以确保它们能够承受发射时的强烈振动，但没有好的方法来模拟登月)”可知，与其他太空系统相比，使月球着陆器具备资格更困难的原因在于测试选项有限。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butthestrategyshouldpayoff,hesays,becausecompanieslearnfromtheirfailures.“Itstillendsupbeingcheaperoverthetotalnumberofmissions,”hesays,“evenifthefirstfewmaybecrash.”(但他表示，这一战略应该会有回报，因为公司会从失败中吸取教训。“它最终仍然比任务总数花费少，”他说，“即使前几次可能会失败。”)”可知，JoshuaRasera认为私营公司可以从失败中吸取教训，推测其对私营公司的态度是赞同的。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Withthefirstlunarlandingsbackinthe60s,itcanbehardtograspwhythemoonremainssuchatoughdestination.(随着60年代首次登月，很难理解为什么月球仍然是一个如此艰难的目的地)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了月球仍然是一个艰难的目的地的原因，所以“月球：为什么是一个艰难的目的地”适合作为文章标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouareeasilydistractedorunabletoconcentrate,you’renotalone.AccordingtoarecentPsychologicalAssociationpoll,nearlytwoinfiveadultsreportthatwhentheyarestressed,theycan’tbringthemselvestodoanything.___16___.However,therearesomewaysyoucanoptimizetoimproveyourconcentration.●Prioritizeyourhealthandwellness.___17___,yourconcentrationisbest.Keepyourbloodsugarandenergybalancedthroughoutthedaybytakingmicrobreaksforself-care.Youwillhavedifficultyconcentratingifyouareoverworkedandburnedout.●___18___Ifyouwanttosetyouupforsuccessfortherestoftheday,makeitaruletodosomethingaboutself-careinthemorning.Setyouralarm20—30minutesearlierandtakeafewmomentswhenyouwakeuptojournal,haveyourcoffeeoutinnature,dosomestretching,makeyourbed,orsetyourintentionsfortheday.Researchshowsthatadisruptioninyourmorningroutinehasrippleeffectsthroughouttheday.●Structureyourday.Designateperiodsoftimefordifferenttasksoractivitiesandcommittothoseboundaries.Besuretoscheduleintimeforself-careandtimetoaccessthesupportyouneedsoyoucanrechargeyourbatteriesandmaintainfocus.___19___.●Silenceyourinnersaboteur(怠工者).Weallhavethatvoiceinourheadthatputsusdownandoverwhelmsuswithnegativethoughts.___20___.Itisalsobettertoreplacethatvoicewithself-careandself-affirmation,whichwillimproveself-esteemandself-confidencesothatwearemoreconfidentinourabilitytofocusandachieveourgoals.A.FormamorninghabitB.IfyoudevotemoreeffortstostudyC.Inthisway,wewillbecomedepressedD.AllowtimetotransitionbetweenactivitiesE.However,wecanturnadeafeartoitgraduallyF.Whenyouhavepropersleep,nutritionandwork-lifebalanceG.Stresscausesforgetfulnessandimpactstheabilitytoconcentrate【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助人们提高注意力的方法。【16题详解】前文“Ifyouareeasilydistractedorunabletoconcentrate,you’renotalone.AccordingtoarecentPsychologicalAssociationpoll,nearlytwoinfiveadultsreportthatwhentheyarestressed,theycan’tbringthemselvestodoanything.(如果你很容易分心或无法集中注意力，你不是一个人。根据心理协会最近的一项民意调查，近五分之二的成年人表示，当他们感到压力时，他们无法让自己做任何事情)”表明因压力导致无法做事情的情况在成年人中很普遍，因此G项“Stresscausesforgetfulnessandimpactstheabilitytoconcentrate(压力会导致健忘，影响集中注意力的能力)”符合语境，解释压力对人的负面影响，承接前文，其中的Stress和前文的stressed呼应，concentrate在前文有同词复现。故选G。【17题详解】后文“yourconcentrationisbest.Keepyourbloodsugarandenergybalancedthroughoutthedaybytakingmicrobreaksforself-care.(你的注意力是最好的。通过微休息实现自我照顾，保持你的血糖和能量一整天的平衡)”建议要有休息，保持良好健康状态，因此F项“Whenyouhavepropersleep,nutritionandwork-lifebalance(当你有适当的睡眠、营养以及工作与生活的平衡)”符合语境，说明这种情况下注意力最佳，引出后文的建议，其中的sleep和后文的microbreaks呼应，balance和后文的balanced呼应。故选F。【18题详解】空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式。根据后文“Ifyouwanttosetyouupforsuccessfortherestoftheday,makeitaruletodosomethingaboutself-careinthemorning.Setyouralarm20—30minutesearlierandtakeafewmomentswhenyouwakeuptojournal,haveyourcoffeeoutinnature,dosomestretching,makeyourbed,orsetyourintentionsfortheday.(如果你想让自己在接下来的一天里都能成功，那就在早上做一些自我照顾的事情。把闹钟调早20到30分钟，醒来的时候花点时间写日记，在户外喝杯咖啡，做些伸展运动，整理床铺，或者设定一天的目标)”可知，本段主要建议养成稍微早起做一些有益活动的习惯，因此A项“Formamorninghabit(养成早上的习惯)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选A。【19题详解】前文“Designateperiodsoftimefordifferenttasksoractivitiesandcommittothoseboundaries.Besuretoscheduleintimeforself-careandtimetoaccessthesupportyouneedsoyoucanrechargeyourbatteriesandmaintainfocus.(为不同的任务或活动指定时间段，并遵守这些时间段。一定要安排好自我照顾的时间和获得所需支持的时间，这样你就可以给自己充电，保持专注)”建议划分并遵守不同的时间段，留出自我照顾、获得支持的时间，因此D项“Allowtimetotransitionbetweenactivities(在活动之间留出过渡时间)”符合语境，建议安排好过渡时间，承接前文，其中的activities在前文有同词复现。故选D。【20题详解】前文“Weallhavethatvoiceinourheadthatputsusdownandoverwhelmsuswithnegativethoughts.(我们的脑海中都有这样的声音，它让我们沮丧，让我们被消极的想法淹没)”描述我们内心有变得沮丧消极的声音，后文“Itisalsobettertoreplacethatvoicewithself-careandself-affirmation,whichwillimproveself-esteemandself-confidencesothatwearemoreconfidentinourabilitytofocusandachieveourgoals.(用自我照顾和自我肯定来代替这种声音也更好，这将提高自尊和自信，这样我们就会对自己专注和实现目标的能力更有信心)”给出解决这种情况更好的方法，因此E项“However,wecanturnadeafeartoitgradually(然而，我们可以逐渐对它置若罔闻)”符合语境，指出应忽视这种声音，承接前文，后文和选项内容是递进关系，其中的it指代前文的thatvoice。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mywife,Hannah,andIdon’tusuallykeephouseplants.Butaftermy___21___withtheterminalbraincancer,Ilovedtheideaofhavingsomethingnewandgreenaround.MyfriendMitchgavemewhathesaidwasaluckybambooplantinadeep-greenpotterybowl.___22___theplantgavemeasenseofaccomplishmentatatimewhenIsometimesfelt___23___.Sincemydiagnosis,Ihadtorelyonhelpfromothers.Wateringtheplant,smallactasitwas,connectedmetoacorepartofmyold___24___andtaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.Overthenextfewmonths,Irecovered___25___surgery.Andthebamboohadnearlydoubledinheightanditsleaveswereshinyandlush.Then,___26___,nomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskeptbrowningand___27___tothefloor.Igrewmoreandmore___28___anduneasy.Icouldn’t___29___thefeelingthattheplanthadbecomea___30___ofmyownhealth.Itsfallenleavesmightsignalthe___31___ofmybraincancer.Later,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmynurturingoftheplantwithmyownsurvival,overwhichIhadno___32___.Asmyanxietylessened,followingtheonline___33___,Itransplantedthebambootoalargerpottogiveitmoreroomtogrow.Itbegantothriveagain.Iftheplant___34___me,IhopeitwillcomfortHannahandremindherthatourlargecommunitywillcontinueto___35___herafterIamgone.21.A.illness B.condition C.diagnosis D.suffering22.A.Turningto B.Lookinginto C.Growingup D.Tendingto23.A.helpless B.useless C.hopeless D.meaningless24.A.identity B.personality C.quality D.quantity25.A.against B.in C.to D.from26.A.nevertheless B.therefore C.moreover D.hence27.A.dropping B.landing C.decreasing D.filling28.A.optimistic B.frustrated C.worthless D.annoyed29.A.forget B.feel C.move D.shake30.A.signature B.coincidence C.symbol D.mark31A.rebirth B.reoccurrence C.request D.