(4)阅读理解D篇-【新高考】2022届高考英语二轮复习考点题号一对一VIP

（4）阅读理解D篇——【新高考】2022届高考英语二轮复习考点题号一对一一

Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,listenup.Youmightfallasleep15minutesearlierandwakeupfarlessduringthenightifyouputonapairofsocksatbedtime.

Tounderstandwhy,youfirstneedtograsptherelationshipbetweencorebodytemperatureandsleep.Duringdaylighthours,thehumanbodyhasanaveragetemperatureof37℃.Butyourcorebodytemperaturedropsasmuchas1.2℃overonenight'ssleep.Thisgradualdecreaseisakeypartofhowwesleep.Putsimply,thefasteryoucanloweryourcorebodytemperature,thefasteryouwillfallasleep.

Onewaythatyourbodycontrolsitstemperatureisthroughbloodvessels(血管)intheskin.Ifyourbodyistoohot,yourbloodvesselswiden,pushingthewarmerbloodnearertheskin'ssurface,helpingittocool.Ifyourbodyistoocold,theoppositehappens.Yourbloodvesselsnarrow,restrictingtheflowofbloodtothesurface.

Thepalmsofyourfeetareoneofyourbody'smostefficientheatexchangers,sincetheyarehairlessandlessprotectedthanotherskinsurfaces.Researchershaveshownthatwarmingthefeetbeforegoingtosleepusingawarmfootbathorbywearingsockspromotesbloodvesselwidening.whichinturnlowersthebody'scoretemperaturefasterthangoingtosleepwithcold,barefeet.

Scientistssuspectthatsockedfeethaveasleep-benefitingeffectonthebrainaswell.Thewarm-sensitiveneurons(神经元)inthebrainbecomemoreactivewhenthere'satemperaturedifferencebetweenthebody'scoreandthefeet.Researchershavefoundthattheseneuronsbecomemoreactiveaswegetsleepyandslowdownaswewakeup,sothatwarmingupthefeetbeforebedtimemaygivethemanextradrive,makingyoufeelsleepier.

Inasmallstudy,researchersfoundthatwearingapairofspecial"sleepingsocks"notonlyspedupthecomingofsleep,butincreasedoverallsleeptimebyanaverageof30minutesandcutnighttimewakingepisodesinhalf.Ifyou'reworriedaboutbecomingtoowarm,lookforsocksmadeofnaturalfibers.1.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthistext?

A.Advertisement. B.Lifestyle. C.Opinion. D.Trend.

2.Whatchangedoeswarmfeetbringtothebody?

A.Slowedbrainreaction. B.Narrowedbloodvessels.

C.Reducedcorebodytemperature. D.Decreasedbloodpressure.

3.Howmightthebrain'swarm-sensitiveneuronshelpsleep?

A.Theymighthelptowarmupthefeet.

B.Theymightspeeduptemperaturegrowth

C.Theymightslowdownthebrain'sbloodflow.

D.Theymightbringonsleepinesswhenactivated.

4.Whatisthefindingofthesmallstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Thewarmthofsocksdependsontheirmaterial.

B.Peoplewearingsocksfallasleep50percentfaster.

C.Specialsocksincreasetemperaturemoreeffectively.

D.Sockwearinghelpspeoplesleeplongerandwakeless二Metal-organicframeworks(MOFs)arecompounds(化合物;复合物)thataresettosolvesometoughchallenges:producingwaterinthedesert,removinggreenhousegasesfromtheairandstoringdangerousgasesmoresafely.TheArizonadesertisreallydry.Anyonestuckinitwithoutwaterwoulddiefromdehydration(脱水)withinthreedays,unlesshehadoneofOmarYaghi'snext-generationwaterharvesters,whoisachemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Althoughdaytimewetnessisonlyabout10percent,thisrisesto40percentatnight,whichmeansthere'senoughwaterintheatmospheretosupportlife-ifitcanbetransformedintoliquidform.That'sexactlywhatYaghi'sinventiondoes.It'saboutthesizeofasmallmicrowaveoven,designedtosuckthewaterfromtheairatnightandturnitintodrinkingwaterthenextdayusingonlytheheatofthesunasitspowersource.WhatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialcalledaMOF,whichatnormaltemperaturesattractswatermolecules(分子)ontothesurfaceofitsinternalsmallholes.Warmitupandgetthewater,eachharvestproducingone-thirdofacupofpuredrinkingwater."Adevicethesizeofawashingmachinecouldproduceenoughwaterforthebasicneedsofahousehold,"saysYaghi.Thesecrystalline(结晶的)groupsofmetalslinkedbyorganicmoleculescanbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurfaces.Inthisway,MOFsclingtoavarietyofliquidsandgases.MOFsworkthankstotheirdistinctivestructure.Infact,oneMOFthesizeofasugarcubehassomanysmallholesthattheywouldcoveranareaaslargeassixfootballfields.MOFsarealsoextremelystable,lightandhavemanydifferentuses:theirmolecularstructurecanbevariedtoattractspecificmolecules.AddingasmallamountofheatorpressurecausestheMOFtogivewhatit'sholding.Morethan70,000differentMOFshavebeenproducedtodateforvariousapplications.1.WhyistheArizonadesertmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

A.Tointroducewaterharvesters.

B.Tostresstheimportanceofwater.

C.Toshowtheseverityofitscondition.

D.Toexpresstheurgentneedforwaterthere.

2.Whatplaysavitalroleinwaterharvesters?

A.Solarenergy. B.Watermolecules.

C.Metal-organicframeworks. D.MOFs'internalsmallholes.

3.Whichcanexplainthephrase"clingto"underlinedinparagraph4?

A.Giveoff. B.Turninto. C.Holdonto. D.Breakdown.

4.Whatwillprobablybecoveredinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.ThefutureoftheMOFtechnology.

B.OtherusesoftheMOFtechnology.

C.TheimprovementtotheMOFtechnology.

D.PossiblelimitationsoftheMOFtechnology.三

Thebiggestchallengefacedbytravelersespeciallythosewholiketohaveahikingtripishowtoensureasteadysupplyofcleanclothes.Now,thankstoagreatinventioncalledScrubbaWashPack,thatworrymaybeathingofthepast.

TheportablewashingmachinewasinventedbyAshNewlandin2010,whileplanningtoclimbMt.Kilimanjaro.Struckbythelimitedpackingspace,hegotinspirationfromtraditionalwashboardstocreateabagthatcouldbeusedtocleanclothes.Thenhegaveuphiscareerasalawyerandfocusedonperfectingthebag'sdesign.By2012,thebagwasreadyforthepublic.Itweighedonly180gramsandrequiredverylittlestoragespace,makingitperfectforanyonewishingtotravellight.

Notsurprisingly,thebagworth55dollarswasaninstanthitwithtravelers,universitystudentsandevenpassengers.However,Newlandwasnotsatisfied.Hestillsawadisadvantagewithhisinvention—dirtyclotheshadtobecarriedaroundinaseparatebag!TherecentlyintroducedScrubbaWashPacksolvesthatproblem.

Inordertomakethepackactive,dirtyclothesareplacedinsidethebagalongwithtwotothreelitersofwater.Thebagisthenshuttightlytoensureallairissqueezedoutandtheclothesaremassaged(揉搓)forafewminutes.Afteraquickwash,theyarecleanandreadytobedried.AccordingtoNewland,thepackcancleananythingfromjeanstosmellysocks!What'sevenmoreamazingisthatwithacapacitytohold13litersofwater,itcanbeusedtowashmoreclothesatatime.

Thebestpartisthatthe99-dollarpackthatwillbeavailableforsalelaterthisyear,onlyweighs300gramsandiscompletelyfoldable,makingiteasytostorewhenit'snotinuse.WiththeScrubbaWashPack,wanderingthroughforeigncitiessearchingforawashingshop,orpayingforwashingmachinesmaysoonbeathingofthepast!1.WhatarousedAshNewland'sdesiretocreatetheScrubbaWashBag?

A.Travelers'requirements. B.Hisownexperience.

C.Hisdreamofinvention. D.Atraditionalwashboard.

2.Whywasn'tAshNewlandsatisfiedwithhisformerinvention?

A.Thebagwasnotconvenientenough.

B.Thebagwasnotpopularwithtravelers.

C.Thebagcouldn'twashmoreclothesatatime.

D.Thebagcouldn'tbefoldedup.

3.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph4?

A.Blown. B.Pushed C.Figured. D.Run.

4.ItcanbeinferredthattheimprovedWashPack______.

A.willlightentheburdenonhousewives

B.willreplacethetraditionalwashingmachines

C.willbewidelyusedbymoretravelersinthefuture

D.canencouragemorepeopletotravelalongdistance四

Thisyearresearchersexpecttheworldtosnap1.35trillionphotographs,orabout3.7billionperday.Allthosepixels(像素)takeupalotofroomiftheyarestoredonpersonalcomputersorphones,whichisonereasonwhymanypeoplestoretheirimagesinthecloud.Butunlikeaharddrive,whichcanbeencryptedtoprotectitsdata,cloudstorageusershavetotrustthatatechplatformwillkeeptheirprivatepicturessafe.NowateamofColumbiaUniversitycomputerscientistshasdevelopedatooltoencrypt(加密)imagesstoredonmanypopularcloudserviceswhileallowingauthorizeduserstobrowseanddisplaytheirphotographsasusual.

Malicious(恶意的)attemptstoaccessorleakcloud-basedphotographscanexposepersonalinformation.InNovember2019,forexample,abuginthepopularphotographstorageappGooglePhotosmistakenlysharedsomeusers'privatevideoswithstrangers.Securityexpertsalsoworryaboutemployeesatcloudstoragecompaniesonpurposeaccessingusers'images.

SotheColumbiaresearcherscameupwithasystemcalledEasySecurePhotos(ESP),whichtheypresentedatarecentconference."Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhileusingexistingservices,"sayscomputerscientistJasonNieh,oneofthedevelopersofESP."EveryonewantstostaywithGooglePhotosandnothavetoregisteronanewencrypted-imagecloudstorageservice."

Toovercomethisproblem,theycreatedatoolthatpreservesblocksofpixelsbutmovesthemaroundtoeffectivelyhidethephotograph.First,ESP'salgorithm(算法)dividesaphotographintothreeseparatefiles,eachonecontainingtheimage'sred,greenorbluecolordata.Thenthesystemhidesthepixelblocksaroundamongthesethreefiles(allowingablockfromtheredfile,forinstance,tohideoutinthegreenorblueones).Buttheprogramdoesnothingwithinthepixelblocks,wherealltheimageprocessinghappens.Asaresult,thefilesremainunchangedimagesbutenduplookinglikegrainyblack-and-whiteonestoanyonewhoaccessesthemwithoutthedecryption(解密)key.1.What'sprobablythemainpurposeforpeopletostoreimagesinthecloud?

A.Tosavestorageroom. B.Tomakephotosbeautiful.

C.Totryanewstorageway. D.Tokeeptheirprivacysafe.

2.Whymightemployeesincloudstoragecompaniesbedistrustedbyexperts?

A.Theysellusers'passwords. B.Theyhaveinventednewtools.

C.Theyoftenletoutpersonalinformation. D.Theymaystealaglanceatusers'images.

3.What'stheadvantageofESP?

A.Itcanprovideclearimages. B.Itcandecreasetheuploadtime.

C.Itcanclassifyimagesautomatically. D.Itcanencryptdataontheoriginalplatform.

4.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Methodofdecryption. B.Image-processingtechnique.

C.Separatefilesofimages. D.Dataanalysisofcolors.五

TheUnitedNationspredictsworldwidetemperaturesoverthenextfiveyearsmayattimesrisetomorethan1.5degreesCentigradeabovepre-industriallevels.TheU.N.'sWorldMeteorological(气象的)Organization,WMO,saidthepredictionsuggestscontinuedwarmingcouldpresentachallengetoclimatechangegoalssetinthe2015ParisAgreement,whichseekstolimitworldtemperaturerisesthroughmajorcutsinhuman-causedgreenhousegases.

TheWMOsaidtherewasa20percentchancethattheyearlyaveragetemperaturewillriseabove1.5Celsiushigherthanthepre-industrialaveragelevelsinatleastoneyear.Thereportidentifies1850-1900asthepre-industrialperiod.Thatdoesnotmeanthattheaveragewouldbecrossingthelong-termtargetof1.SCelsiusthatscientistshavesetasthelimitforavoidingcatastrophic(灾难性的)climatechange.

Temperaturesoverthelastfiveyearshavebeenthewarmestonrecord,theWMOreported.Temperaturesoverthenextfiveyearsareverylikelytobewithintherangeof0.91to1.59Celsiusabovepre-industriallevels,itpredicted.SouthernAfricaandAustralia,wherefireslastyeardestroyedmillionsofhectares(公顷),willprobablybedrierthanusualthrough2024,thereportsaid.Africa'sSahelregionislikelybewetter,whileEuropeshouldseemorestorms.

MaxxDilley,theWMO'sdirectorofclimateservices,toldtheAssociatedPressthepredictionsareworrisome."Itshowshowclosewe'regettingtowhattheParisAgreementistryingtoprevent,"hesaid.Still,DilleyaddedthatitwouldnotbeimpossibleforcountriestoreachthetargetsetinParis,ofkeepingglobalwarmingwellbelow2degreesCelsius,bytheendofthecentury.PetteriTaalas,theWMOSecretary-General,added,"WhileCOVID-19hascausedasevereinternationalhealthandeconomiccrisis,failuretocopewithclimatechangemaythreatenhumanwell-being,ecosystemsandeconomiesforcenturies."1.AccordingtoWMO,thecontinuedwarmingis_____.

A.inanalarmingtrend. B.Outofcontrol.

C.Naturallydeveloping. D.Farfromworry.

2.WhatdoestheauthortrytotellusinParagraph3?

A.Temperatureswillhaveasuddenrise. B.PeopleinAfricashouldgetmorehelp.

C.FiresinAustraliawilllastover5years. D.Ourlivingenvironmentisgettingworse.

3.WhichwordbestdescribesMaxxDilley'sattitudetocontinuedwarming?

A.Carefree. B.Objective. C.Indifferent. D.Scared.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.GlobalimpactofClimatechange. B.Themostseriouschallengeweface.

C.UNpredictsmorerisingtemperatures. D.Howdowecopewithcontinuedwarming.六

Britain'smeatindustryonFridaywarnedthatanupcomingshortageofcarbondioxide(CO2)couldcausemassivedisruption(中断)tofoodsupplieswithintwoweeks.

Thegasisusedtostun(昏迷)animalsbeforebeingkilled,inthevacuumpackingoffoodproductstoextendtheirshelflife,andtoputthefizzintobeer,ciderandsoftdrinks.Itisalsorequiredforsomemedicalproceduresandusedinthenuclearandsemi-conductorindustries.

Britain'sfoodsupplychain,alreadysufferingfromasevereshortageofheavygoodsvehicles(HGV)driversandtheimpactofBrexitandCOVID-19,isheavilyreliantonfertiliserproducersforCO2whichisaby-productoftheirproductionprocess.However,twoofthelargestfertiliserproducers,Norway'sYara

YAR.OL

andrivalCFIndustriesHoldings

CF.N,haverestrainedproductionduetoasuddenincreaseinnaturalgasprices,whichhasinturnstartedtodryupCO2supplies.

NickAllen,chiefexecutiveoftheBritishMeatProcessorsAssociation(BMPA),saidthatoncecurrentstocksofthegasrunout,somemeatcompanieswillhavetostoptakinganimalsandcloseproductionlines,leadingtoalogjamofanimalsbacktothefarms."Wealreadyhavethissituationinthepigindustrywhichisnowfacingthedisruptionprospectofahumanekillingonfarms,"hesaid.TheBMPAispersuadingBusinessMinisterKwasiKwartengtohelpsupportUKCO2productionintheshortterm.

"Wearemonitoringthissituationcloselyandareinregularcontactwiththefoodandfarmingorganizationsandindustry,tohelpthemmanagethecurrentsituation,"saidaUKgovernmentspokesperson."TheUKbenefitsfromhavingaccesstohighlydiversesourcesofgassupplytoensurehouseholds,businessesandheavyindustrygettheenergytheyneedatafairprice."1.What'sthedirectcauseoftheCO2shortagethisyear?

A.Agovernmentpolicy. B.Aninfectiousdisease.

C.Transportationfailure. D.Costrise.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"logjam"meaninparagraph4?

A.Bottleneck. B.Promise. C.Failure. D.Recovery.

3.WhatmeasuremaytheUKgovernmenttake?

A.Tocloseproductionlines. B.Tostopmarketinganimals.

C.Tolimitthedrinkswholesale. D.Toexploremoregassupplies.

4.Whatmaybethesuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.DiverseApplicationsofCO2 B.CO2ShortageHitFoodSupplies

C.EffortsTakentoProduceCO2 D.TheFutureofBritain'sMeatIndustry七

Aspirinwasdiscoveredin1897,andanexplanationofhowitworksfollowedin1995.That,inturn,hasencouragedsomeresearchleadsonmakingbetterpainrelieversthroughsomethingotherthantrialanderror.Thiskindofdiscovery—answersfirst,explanationslater—iscalled"intellectualdebt".Wegainunderstandingofwhatworkswithoutknowingwhyitworks.Wecanputthatunderstandingtouseimmediately,andthentellourselveswe'llfigureoutthedetailslater.Sometimeswepayoffthedebtquickly;sometimes,aswithaspirin,ittakesacentury;andsometimesweneverpayitoffatall.

IntheAgeofIntelligence,whilemachinelearningpresentslotsofproblemsandgetsthingswrong,atleastweknowenoughtobewaryofthepredictionsproducedbythesystemandtoarguethattheyshouldn'tbeblindlyfollowed:butifasystemperformsperfectly(andwedon'tknowwhy),thenwecometorelyonitandforgetaboutitandsufferconsequenceswhenitgoeswrong.

It'sthedifferencebetweenknowingyourcarhasfaultybrakesandnotknowing:botharebad,butifyouknowthereisaproblemwithyourbrakes,youcanincreaseyourfollowingdistance,driveslowlyandgettoamechanicassoonaspossible.Ifyoudon'tknow,you'relikelytofindoutthehardway,at80mphonthehighwaywhenthecarinfrontofyoucametoasuddenstopandyourbrakesgiveout.

Wedon'thavemuchbywayofsolutions.Mostimportant,weshouldn'ttrickourselvesintothinkingthatmachinelearningaloneisallthatmatters.Indeed,withoutlifevalue,machinelearningmaynotbemeaningfulanswersatall.1.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningaspirininthefirstparagraph?

A.Topresenttheresearchprocessofaspirin.

B.Tointroduceasimilarsituationmachinelearningfaces.

C.Toshowthedifficultyinexplaininghowaspirinworks.

D.Toprovewecanusesomethingevenwhenwedon'tunderstand.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"wary"probablymeaninthesecondparagraph?

A.Negative. B.Doubtful. C.Anxious. D.Watchful.

3.Howdoesthewriterprovethatit'spotentiallyworseifasystemperformsperfectly?

A.Bygivingadefinition. B.Bymakingcomparison.

C.Bydoinganexperiment. D.Bytellingastory.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthewriterlikelytoagreewith?

A.It'simpossibletopayoffIntellectualdebt.

B.It'swisenottorelyonmachinelearning.

C.Itmakessensetopreparefordangerintimesofsafety.

D.It'sOKaslongasasystemworkswell.八

IfMarswerethepopularkidinschool,Venus(金星)wouldbetheunwelcomeonesittinginthecorner,largelyignored.VenushasnearlythesamemassandsizeasEarth,butbeingclosertothesun,itgetsnearlytwiceasmuchheatfromthesun.

However,insteadofhavingaclimatethatisjustawarmerversionofEarth's,Venus'ssurfaceandatmosphereareunbearable:cloudsofsulphuricacidblankettheplanet,whileatgroundlevel,itishotenoughtomeltlead.Despitethis,thereisnowasignthatVenusmayharbourlife.

JaneGreavesatCardiffUniversity?UK,andhercolleaguesrecentlydetectedphosphine(磷化氢)inVenus'satmosphere,withonepotentialexplanationthatitistheby-productofbiology.ThatisbecausetheonlywaythisgasismadeonEarthisinlaboratoriesorbymicrobes(微生物).Thoughthisdoesn'tmeanitwasproducedbylifeonVenus,attemptstofindnon-biologicalexplanationsforitspresencehavesofarfailed.

OurbestwayofconfirmingorrejectingthepossibilityoflifeonVenusistogoandhaveaproperlook.WhileMarshasbeenthefocusofinterplanetaryexplorationeffortslately,thephosphinediscoveryletspeoplelookatVenusinanewlight.AsNASAadministratorJimBridenstinetweeted:"It'stimetoprioritizeVenus."

Inthemonthsandyearstocome,computersimulationswillbeusedtofurtherstudythepossiblechemistriesoftheatmosphereonVenus.Morelaboratoryexperimentswillbeconductedtotrytoidentifyotherwaysthephosphinetherecouldbeproduced.However,thereisnoguaranteethattheseeffortswillrevealthetruenatureofthissubstanceonVenus.Anewly-proposedstrategyistodirectlysampletheatmosphereandsurfaceofVenus.Bydoingso,wewouldbeabletotakedirectmeasurementsofphosphine.

ThediscoveryofphosphineinVenus'satmosphereisagreataccomplishment.Thescientificeffortsmaybejustwhatweneedtofinallyrefocusonthisneglectedworld.Possibly,thequietkidinthecornermaygetthelastlaugh.1.Intheory,what'sVenusexpectedtobelike?

A.ItisalmostaslargeasEarth.

B.IthasnearlythesamemassasEarth.

C.IthasawarmerEarth-likeclimate.

D.Ithastheunbearablesurfaceandatmosphere.

2.WhatcanthediscoveryofphosphineonVenusindicate?

A.Theremightexistsignsoflife.

B.Thiskindofgasisverycommon.

C.Manyproductscanbemadewithit.

D.Experimentswereonceconductedthere.

3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofobservations.

B.Thepowerofcomputersimulations.

C.Theapproachestoexploringphosphine.

D.Thenecessitytoanalysephosphine.

4.Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetotheexplorationofVenus?

A.Casual. B.Supportive. C.Cautious. D.Doubtful.

答案以及解析一答案：1.B;2.C;3.D;4.D

解析：1.主旨题。根据全文可知,作者根据专家研究,告诉大家"穿袜子睡觉有助于睡眠",A广告,B生活方式,C观点/评价,D热点话题,该文章最可能出现在生活方式板块,因此选择B。

2.细节题。根据题干中的whatchangedoeswarmfeetbringtothebody把答案定位在第4、5段。根据第4段warmingthefeetbeforegoingtosleepusingawarmfootbathorbywearingsockspromotesbloodvesselwidening,whichinturnlowersthebody'scoretemperature。可以排除B选项,并确定选C选项。根据第5段Thewarm-sensitiveneuronsinthebrainbecomemoreactivewhenthere'satemperaturedifferencebetweenthebody'scoreandthefeet...theseneuronsbecomemoreactiveaswegetsleepyandslowdownaswewakeup,可以排除A选项A。D选项无中生有,原文没有提到bloodpressure。可知答案选C。

3.细节题。根据题干中的brain'swarm-sensitiveneurons把答案定位在第5段。根据theseneuronsbecomemoreactiveaswegetsleepyandslowdownaswewakeup,sothatwarmingupthefeetbeforebedtimemaygivethemanextradrive,makingyoufeelsleepier,可知答案为D。

4.细节题。根据最后一段,A选项并不是thesmallstudy的结果。根据special"sleepingsocks"notonlyspedupthecomingofsleep,butincreasedoverallsleeptimebyanaverageof30minutesandcutnighttimewakingepisodesinhalf,排除B选项、C选项。选择D选项。二答案：1.A;2.C;3.C;4.B

解析：1.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"TheArizonadesert…unlesshehadoneofOmarYaghi'snext-generationwaterharvesters"可知,作者提及亚利桑那州的沙漠是为了引出OmarYaghi的下一代吸水设备以及下文对其的介绍。故选A。

2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"WhatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialrailedaMOF"可知,使吸水设备工作的是一种叫做金属有机框架的特殊材料,故金属有机框架在该设备中起了关键作用。

3.考查词义猜测。根据画线短语前的Thesecrystalline(结晶的)groupsofmetals...canbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurfaces"可知,这些由有机分子连接在一起的金属结晶群可被制成吸收能力极高的材料,以吸引特定分子到它们的表面,即金属有机框架可以吸附各种液体和气体,故holdonto"抓紧"和画线短语clingto的意思最为接近。

4.考查推理判断。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了金属有机框架可以帮助解决沙漠地区的缺水问题,再结合第一段中的"solvesometoughchallenges:producingwaterinthedesert,removinggreenhousegasesfromtheairandstoringdangerousgasesmoresafely"可推知,接下来可能会介绍金属有机框架在清除温室气体、安全储存危险气体方面的用途故选B。三答案：1-4BABC解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段TheportablewashingmachinewasinventedbyAshNewlandin2010,whileplanningtoclimbMt.Kilimanjaro.Struckbythelimitedpackingspace,hegotinspirationfromtraditionalwashboardstocreateabagthatcouldbeusedtocleanclothes.Thenhegaveuphiscareerasalawyerandfocusedonperfectingthebag'sdesign.这款便携式洗衣机是AshNewland在2010年计划攀登乞力马扎罗山时发明的,由于包装空间有限,他从传统的洗衣板上获得灵感,发明了一款可以用来洗衣服的包,然后放弃了律师生涯,专注于完善包的设计。可知,AshNewland自己外出登山时不方便洗衣服的经历让他萌生了发明便携式洗衣袋,结合选项,故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段However,Newlandwasnotsatisfied.Hestillsawadisadvantagewithhisinvention—dirtyclotheshadtobecarriedaroundinaseparatebag!TherecentlyintroducedScrubbaWashPacksolvesthatproblem.然而,Newland并不满足,他仍然看到了自己发明的一个缺点—脏衣服必须单独装在袋子里!最近推出的洗涤包解决了这个问题。可知,他对自己之前的洗衣袋不满意的地方在于脏衣服和干净衣服要分开放,这样就显得极其的不方便,结合选项,故选A。

3.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段Inordertomakethepackactive,dirtyclothesareplacedinsidethebagalongwithtwotothreelitersofwater.Thebagisthenshuttightlytoensureallairissqueezedoutandtheclothesaremassaged(揉搓)forafewminutes.为了使包装更方便,脏衣服和两到三公升的水被一起放在袋子里,然后紧紧地关上袋子,确保所有的空气都被挤出,衣服被揉搓几分钟。可知,划线单词意为:挤压,结合选项,故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Thebestpartisthatthe99-dollarpackthatwillbeavailableforsalelaterthisyear,onlyweighs300gramsandiscompletelyfoldable,makingiteasytostorewhenit'snotinuse.WiththeScrubbaWashPack,wanderingthroughforeigncitiessearchingforawashingshop,orpayingforwashingmachinesmaysoonbeathingofthepast!最棒的是,今年晚些时候将发售的99元一包,只重300克,完全可折叠,不使用的时候很容易存放的洗衣包,有了洗涤包,在国外城市四处寻找洗衣店,或者花钱买洗衣机,可能很快就会成为过去!由此可知,被改良的WashPack价格便宜,携带方便,使用方便,将在未来受到更多热爱旅行的人的喜欢,结合选项,故选C。四答案：1-4ADDB

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段的"Allthosepixels(像素)takeupalotofroomiftheyarestoredonpersonalcomputersorphones,whichisonereasonwhymanypeoplestoretheirimagesinthecloud."(所有这些像素如果存储在个人电脑或手机上,会占用很多空间,这也是为什么很多人会将图像进行云存储的原因之一)可知,人们将照片云存储的主要目的是节省存储空间,故选A。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段的"Securityexpertsalsoworryaboutemployeesatcloudstoragecompaniesonpurposeaccessingusers'images."(安全专家还担心云存储公司的员工会故意访问用户的图像)可知,云存储公司的员工不被专家信任,因为他们可能会偷看用户的图片,故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段的"Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhileusingexistingservices"(我们想看看是否可以在使用现有服务的同时加密数据)和"EveryonewantstostaywithGooglePhotosandnothavetoregisteronanewencrypted-imagecloudstorageservice."(每个人都想继续使用谷歌Photos,而不必注册新的加密图像云存储服务)可知,ESP的优点是可以在原有平台上对数据进行加密,故选D。

4.主旨大意题。通读第四段,尤其是"Toovercomethisproblem,theycreatedatoolthatpreservesblocksofpixelsbutmovesthemaroundtoeffectivelyhidethephotograph"(为了克服这个问题,他们发明了一种工具,可以保存像素块,但可以移动它们来有效地隐藏照片)可知,本段主要讲的是一种图像处理技术,故选B。五答案：1-4ADDC解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中"TheU.N.'sWorldMeteorological(气象的)Organization,WMO,saidthepredictionsuggestscontinuedwarmingcouldpresentachallengetoclimatechangegoalssetinthe2015ParisAgreement"(联合国世界气象组织(WMO)说,这一预测表明,持续变暖可能对2015年《巴黎协定》中设定的气候变化目标构成挑战。)可知,据世界气象组织称,持续变暖的趋势令人担忧。故选A。

2.目的意图题。根据第三段中"Temperaturesoverthelastfiveyearshavebeenthewarmestonrecord,theWMOreported.Temperaturesoverthenextfiveyearsareverylikelytobewithintherangeof0.91to1.59Celsiusabovepre-industriallevels,itpredicted.SouthernAfricaandAustralia,wherefireslastyeardestroyedmillionsofhectares(公顷),willprobablybedrierthanusualthrough2024,thereportsaid.Africa'sSahelregionislikelybewetter,whileEuropeshouldseemorestorms."(世界气象组织报告称,过去五年的气温是有记录以来最高的。该报告预测,未来五年的气温很可能会比工业化前的水平高出0.91至1.59摄氏度。该报告称,非洲南部和澳大利亚可能会在2024年之前比以往更加干燥,去年的火灾摧毁了数百万公顷的土地。非洲的萨赫勒地区可能更湿润,而欧洲将会有更多的风暴。)可知,作者想告诉我们,我们的生活环境越来越差了。故选D。

3.观点态度题