高二英语选修一二考点复习-专题06 非谓语动词之V-ed

高二英语选修一二复习——专题06非谓语动词之V-edPart1V-ed基本概念一、分词的意义过去分词表示被动，它与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。另外，现在分词和过去分词在具体的句子使用中还能够表示时态的不同。一般来说，现在分词表示一般时态，或是进行时态；而过去分词表示一般时态，或是完成时态。二、动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。一).规则变化1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved,dance—danced3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried,study—studied4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，如clap/shop/trip/chat/beg/drop/fit/hug/plan/pat/regret/control注：A.以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。B.读音与说明:①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped②-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed③-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:wanted,needed,admitted,permitted二).一些常见的不规则变化的动词1）AAA型（原形，过去式和过去分词一致）原形过去式过去分词中文意思cutcutcut切、割shutshutshut关、闭（门窗）putputput放置letletlet让setsetset设置betbet/bettedbet/betted打赌hithithit撞击hurthurthurt受伤；疼痛costcostcost值…钱；花费read[ri:d]read[red]read[red]朗读；阅读castcastcast投，扔，掷broadcastbroadcastbroadcast广播，播出spreadspreadspread传播，蔓延forecastforecastforecast预报，预测burstburstburst爆裂，炸开spitspit/spatspit/spat吐痰splitsplitsplit劈开，分开knitknitknit编织quitquit/quittedquit/quitted停止ridridrid除去sweatsweat/sweatedsweat/sweated流汗thrustthrustthrust刺入，刺wedwedwed结婚wetwetwet打湿2）AAB型（过去式与原形一致）原形过去式过去分词中文意思beatbeatbeaten击败3）ABA型（过去分词与原形一致）原形过去式过去分词中文意思comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变得；成为overcomeovercameovercome克服，战胜runranrun跑步；逃跑4）ABB型（过去式与过去分词一致）原形过去式过去分词中文意思buyboughtbought购买fightfoughtfought打架；打仗thinkthoughtthought想；认为seeksoughtsought寻找；探究bringbroughtbrought带来catchcaughtcaught抓住；接住teachtaughttaught教；教书lendlentlent借出sendsentsent送；派遣spendspentspent花费（时间、金钱）dreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreamed做梦，梦想learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned学；学会burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned燃烧；烧伤hearheardheard听见mean[mi:n]meant[ment]meant[ment]意思是leanleant/leanedleant/leaned倾斜leapleapt/leapedleapt/leaped跳跃，跨越spoilspoilt/spoiledspoilt/spoiled破坏，宠坏leadledled领导；致使misleadmisledmisled把…引错方向leaveleftleft离开keepkeptkept保持；保留sleepsleptslept睡觉oversleepoversleptoverslept睡过头sweepsweptswept打扫feedfedfed喂养；喂食speedspedsped加速（前进）fleefledfled逃跑meetmetmet遇见；碰到bleedbledbled流血breedbredbred繁殖，产生shootshotshot射击lightlit/lightedlit/lighted点燃getgotgot获得；得到winwonwon获胜；赢得shineshone/shinedshone/shined照耀sitsatsat坐下digdugdug挖掘stickstuckstuck刺；戳strikestruckstruck打击，撞击spinspunspun自传springsprungsprung弹跳，弹起shrinkshrunk/shrankshrunk/shrank萎缩stingstungstung叮咬，刺激swingswungswung（前后）摆动hanghunghung悬挂hanghangedhanged绞死sellsoldsold出售telltoldtold告诉retellretoldretold复述foretellforetoldforetold预告，预言feelfeltfelt感觉；摸起来kneelkneltknelt跪下smellsmeltsmelt闻；嗅spellspeltspelt拼写holdheldheld拿着；握住findfoundfound找到；发现windwoundwound卷起，缠绕standstoodstood站立understandunderstoodunderstood理解laylaidlaid蛋下,产卵，平放paypaidpaid付款repayrepaidrepaid偿还，报答say[sei]said[sed]said[sed]说have/hashadhad有makemademade制作blessblessed/blestblessed/blest祝福lose[lu:z]lostlost丢失dealdealtdealt处理spillspilt/spilledspilt/spilled溅出，溢出5）ABC型（原形、过去式、过去分词不一致）原形过去式过去分词中文意思beginbeganbegun开始drinkdrankdrunk喝；饮ringrangrung铃（响）；打电话singsangsung唱歌sinksanksunk下沉swimswamswum游泳blowblewblown吹；刮风flyflewflown飞；放（风筝）knowknew[nju:]known知道；懂得growgrewgrown种植；生长throwthrewthrown扔；投drawdrewdrawn绘画withdrawwithdrewwithdrawn拆退showshowedshown出示；给…看breakbrokebroken打破；不服从sewsewedsewn缝制speakspokespoken说话stealstolestolen偷choosechosechosen选择freezefrozefrozen冻结wakewokewoke/woken醒来；唤醒awakeawokeawoken唤醒forgetforgotforgotten忘记shaveshavedshaven/shaved剃须taketooktaken拿走overtakeovertookovertaken赶超undertakeundertookundertaken承担，保证mistakemistookmistaken错拿shakeshookshaken摇动；握（手）eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下；摔倒riseroserisen[rizn]上升；上涨arisearisearisen产生，出现drivedrovedriven[drivn]驾驶givegavegiven给forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅seesawseen看见foreseeforesawforeseen预见sawsawedsawn/sawed锯rideroderidden骑（车、马）hidehidhidden躲藏slideslidslid滑动bitebitbitten咬forbidforbade/forbadforbidden禁止；不许writewrotewritten书写bearboreborn忍受teartoretorn撕破wearworeworn穿、戴（衣帽等）swearsworesworn发誓weavewovewoven编织，织布am/iswasbeen是，在arewerebeen是，在do/doesdiddone做gowentgone去lielaylain躺；卧Part2V-ed作状语过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。一、过去分词的语法功能1.作时间状语相当于时间状语从句；可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看，这个公园非常美丽。(=Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.)2.作原因状语相当于原因状语从句或并列结构从句。Touchedbyhisteacher’swords,theboycried.这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了。(=Theboywastouchedbyhisteacher’swords,sohecried.)3.作条件状语相当于条件状语从句；可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。(=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.)4.作让步状语相当于让步状语从句；有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…等连词转换成让步状语从句。Warnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.尽管农民们已被告知将有暴风雨，但他们仍然在地里干活。(=Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.)5.作方式伴随状语加and可转换成并列结构从句。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。(=Theteacherenteredtheclassroomandhewasfollowedbyagroupofhisstudents.)分词作状语记忆口诀：分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing，被动用-ed，Havingdone表先后，千万要牢记。二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1)现在分词作状语，句子的主语是现在分词的动作的执行者，而过去分词作状语，句子的主语是分词的动作承受者。Seeingthenewbike,hejumpedwithjoy.看见了新自行车，他高兴地跳了起来。(he做了see这个动作)Seenfromhere，thepictureappearsbeautifulindeed.在这里看，这张画确实很美丽。(画是被看的)2)从时间上看。过去分词可以表示完成或模糊的时间概念，而与现在分词的一-般式表示与主语动词同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词的完成式表示先于谓语动词发生。Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboyill.他们到那时发现男孩病了。(arriving与found同时发生)Hearingthenoiseoutside,herushedout.听到外面的吵闹声，他冲了出去。(hear和rush几乎同时发生)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.做完了作业，他出去了。(finish先于went)Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookssmall.从山顶上看，城市看上去很小。(seen不表示完成，也不强调正在进行，只表示被动)Explainedmanytimes(=Havingbeenexplainedmanytimes)，heunderstoodwhattodointheend.给他解释了好多次了，他终于知道该做什么了。(Explain与句子的主语是被动的，而且在谓语动作understood之前完成，可以用过去分词表示，相当于现在分词的完成式的被动形式，但是后者Havingbeenexplained更强调已经完成。)Part3V-ed作定语1．过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。[名师点津]①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved？还有没有未解决的问题？Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。LastTuesdayinamountainousarea，therewereatotalof173sheepkilledalmostimmediately(＝whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。2．过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Heisateacherrespectedbyall.他是一位人人尊敬的老师。(teacher和respect之间是逻辑上的被动关系)Thehighbuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.去年建的那座高楼是我们的图书馆。(built表示被动和完成)(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Thegroundiscoveredwiththefallenleavesinautumn.秋天，地面被落叶覆盖。3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行Asweallknow，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。Thevisitorcamefromadevelopedcountry.这位游客来自一个发达国家。4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(beingdone)与动词不定式的被动语态(tobedone)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成beingdone被动进行tobedone被动尚未发生Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。Part4V-ed作表语1)过去分词作表语，总是位于系动词的后面，表语即说明主语的状态或特征。如：Theylookeddisappointed（失望的）.Shewasastonished（惊讶的）tohearwhathadhappened.常见的系动词有：1.状态系动词：be动词;2.感官系动词：look/feel/smell/taste/sound等；3.变化系动词：get/become/turn/grow/fall/grow等4.持续系动词：remain/stay/keep（仍然）5.表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像）6.终止系动词：prove/turnout(结果是，证明是)1.Shewasexcitedtohearthegoodnews.2.Ifeltsurprisedathisbehavior.3.Thepassengersshouldbeseatedastheplaneismakingalanding.2）过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态。此时的过去分词作表语相当于一个形容词。(1)表感受的过去分词常有：disappointed/excited/frightened/surprised/delighted/encouraged/interested/puzzled/worried/pleased…(2)表状态类的过去分词常有:dressed(打扮好的),lost(迷路的),drunk(喝醉的),seated(就坐的),absorbed(全神贯注的),devoted(忠诚的)3）过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别?1.Thestoryisinteresting.2.Iaminterestedinthisstory.现在分词做表语修饰物,翻译成“令人……的”；过去分词做表语修饰人,翻译成“感到……的”。过去分词做形容词表示“感到……”之意beamazed（at）感到惊异beamused（at）感到好笑beannoyed（at）感到烦恼bebored（with）感到厌烦beconvinced（of）感到信服bedisappointed（at）感到失望bediscouraged（in）感到沮丧beembarrassed（in）感到为难beencouraged（in）感到鼓舞beexcited（at）感到激动befrightened（of）感到害怕behorrified（with）感到恐惧bemoved（at）深为感动bepleased（about）感到愉悦bepuzzled（about）感到困惑besatisfied（with）感到满意beshocked（about）感到震惊besurprised（at）感到惊奇betired（of）感到厌烦【提示】①现在分词作表语，意为“令人……，使人……”，主动意味。Ourtripwasdisappointing.我们的这次旅行让人失望。②过去分词作表语，意为“感到……”，被动意味。Weweredisappointedatourtrip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。注意：过去分词作表语与v-ing形式作表语的区别。interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词来修饰人，用v-ing形式来修饰物。ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.Weareexcitedatthenews.Part5V-ed作补语1）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。(1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(2)Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(3)I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。(4)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(5)Don'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。3.表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like,order,want,wish等。(6)Iwouldlikethismattersettledatonce.我希望此事立刻得到解决。(7)Iwishmyhomeworkfinishedbeforefiveo'clock.我希望5点前完成我的作业。2）过去分词作宾补表示的意义。1.过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。2.过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pullouthistooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settlethismatter。3）过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。1.使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）2.过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：Thebigfireisreportedcontrolled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。Themeetingroomwasfoundthouroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedingoodorder.人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。【跟踪典例】单句语法填空1．(motivate)bytheirsportsmanship,wewillovercomedifficultiesandstudyhard.2．Theideasandtechnologies(employ)toprotecttheancientcavesoffervaluableinsightsfortourismdevelopment.3．Thepoem(entitle)“TheRoadNotTaken”isconsideredoneofRobertFrost’smostpopularworks.4．(employ)inendlesswork,shecouldn’tspareevenoneminuteforpleasure.5．ThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisine(combine)withmoderncookingmethods.6．TaiChideeply(root)intheChinesephilosophyofyinandyanggainsgreatpopularity.7．Theexchangestudents(expose)toanothercultureanditspeoplecangetgreatinsightintotheworld.8．(involve)activelyincommunityactivities,wecangainexperienceforgrowth.9．Thismagazine,(found)in1981,isoneofthemostsuccessfulandpopularmagazines.10．Manythingssuchasgoingabroadandowningacar,(consider)impossibleinthepast,arenowverycommon.11．TheTVseries(base)onLiJuan’saward-winningessaycollection“MyAltay”hasboostedtourisminXinjiang.12．Havingspentthreeyearswriting“TheVegetarian”,HanKangfoundherselfstill(attach)tothatstory.13．Itisnecessarythatwekeeptheyounggeneration(inform)ofthecurrentaffairs.14．I’mnotverygoodatGerman,butIcanmakemyself(understand).15．It’simportanttohaveyoureyes(examine)regularlytocheckforanysignofeyediseasethatmaynothaveanysymptom.16．Bymeansofthemassmedia,many(advertise)productshaveenteredeveryhousehold.17．Topreventsomediseases,we’dbetterdrink(boil)water.18．Thebeautifulscenery,(combine)withpleasantweatheranddeliciousfood,madeourvisittoYunnanpleasantandunforgettable.19．Thenewspaperalwayskeepsus(inform)oftheeventtakingplaceintheworld.20．Itisimportanttohaveyoureyes(examine)regularlytocheckforanysignofeyedisease.参考答案：1．Motivated【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在他们体育精神的激励下，我们将克服困难，努力学习。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“willovercome”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“we”和“motivate”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“motivate”的过去分词“motivated”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Motivated。2．employed【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：用于保护古老洞穴的理念和技术为旅游业发展提供了宝贵的见解。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词。分析句子可知，ideasandtechnologies是主语，与employ之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填employed。3．entitled【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这首题为《未走的路》的诗被认为是罗伯特·弗罗斯特最受欢迎的作品之一。isconsidered为本句的谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，修饰名词thepoem，作后置定语，动词entitle和名词Thepoem之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填entitled。4．Employed【详解】考查过去分词。句意：被无休止的工作所占据，她甚至不能抽出一分钟来享受。句子的谓语动词是spare，employ用非谓语动词形式作状语，employ与逻辑主语she是被动关系，故使用过去分词employed。故填Employed。5．combined【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家漂亮的殖民风格房子的菜单上包括与现代烹饪方法相结合的传统泰国菜。“(combine)withmoderncookingmethods”在句中作后置