专题22 阅读理解（科普或环境保护类或健康类）（第02期）-中考英语试题分项版解析汇编 带解析VIP

1、【广东省梅州市2015年中考英语试题】阅读理解。（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）阅读A、B两篇短文，从每小题给的四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。BHaveyoueverhadthestrangefeelingthatyouwerebeingwatched?Youturnedaroundand,sureenough,someonewaslookingrightatyou!Parapsychologists(灵学家)saythathumanshaveanaturalabilitytosensewhensomeoneislookingatthem.Toresearchwhethersucha“sixthsense”reallyexists,RobertBaker,apsychologist(心理学家)attheUniversityofKentucky,didtwoexperiments.Inthefirstone,Bakersatbehindunknowingpeopleinpublicplacesandstaredatthebacksoftheirheadsfor5to15minutes.Thesubjects（受试者）wereeating,drinking,reading,studying,watchingTV,orworkingatacomputer.Bakermadesurethatthepeoplecouldnottellthathewassittingbehindthemduringthoseperiods.Later,whenhequestionedthesubjects,almostallofthemsaidtheyhadnosensethatsomeonewasstaringatthem.[来源:学&Forthesecondexperiment,Bakertoldthesubjectsthattheywouldbestaredatfromtimetotimefrombehindinalaboratorysetting.Thepeoplehadtowritedownwhentheyfelttheywerebeingstaredatandwhentheyweren’t.Bakerfoundthatthesubjectswerenobetterattellingwhentheywerestaredatandwhentheyweren’t.Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”61.What’stheaimofthetwoexperimentsfor?A.Provewhyhumanshaveasixthsense.B.Explainwhenpeoplecanhaveasixthsense.C.Showhowpeopleactwhilebeingwatchedinthelab.D.Studywhetherhumanscansensewhentheyarestaredat.62.WhatsensedoesParapsychologistssaythathumanshavetosense?A.Anaturalability.B.Anaturalstaringability.C.Astrangethinking.D.Alookingfeeling.63.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.valueB.resultC.performanceD.connection64.Inthesecondexperiment,thesubjects_________.A.couldtellwhentheywerestaredatandwhentheyweren’t.B.couldn’ttellwhentheywerestaredatorwhentheyweren’t.C.couldn’ttellwhentheywerestaredatbutcouldtellwhentheyweren’t.D.couldtellwhentheywerestaredatbutcouldn‟ttellwhentheyweren’t.65.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplearebornwithasixthsense.B.Theexperimentssupportparapsychologists‟idea.C.Thesubjectsdonothaveasixthsenseintheexperiments.D.Peoplehaveasixthsenseinallplaces.【答案】61.D62.A63.B64.B65.C62.A细节理解题。题意：科学家说人类必须感受到什么意识？根据文中Parapsychologists(灵学家)saythathumanshaveanaturalabilitytosensewhensomeoneislookingatthem.可知灵学家们说，人类有一个能在感觉出有人在看他的自然能力。可知A。63.B细节理解题。题意：最后一自然段中有下划线的outcome最有可能是什么意思？根据Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”可知“如果人们怀疑他的实验结果，”贝克说，“我建议他们重复实验，看看自己。”outcome是结果的意思，可知选B。64.B细节理解题。题意：第二个实验中，主题怎么样？根据倒数第二段Bakerfoundthatthesubjectswerenobetterattellingwhentheywerestaredatandwhentheyweren’t.描述，可知选B。【考点定位】考查科学教育类短文阅读。2、【江苏省常州市2015年中考英语试题】阅谈理解(共13小题;每小题2分，满分26分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。DIsyourTVconnectedtotheInternet?Whataboutyourchairoryourfridge?Itispossiblethattheyarenot.Butinthefuture,mostthingsinyourhomemaybeconnected,astheso-called"Internetofthings"isdeveloping.TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,SamsungCEO(首席执行官)BKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow，everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit'sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸尘器).So,howdohousehold(家用)objectsthatarepartofInternetofthingswork?Well,thinkofausualchair.WhenconnectedtotheInternet,thechairwarmsupwhenitknowsthattheuserhasjustwalkedintotheroomandisfeelingcold.AnInternet-connectedcamera,likeasmart-homecamera,couldhelppeoplefeelsaferintheirhomes.Itcanrecognize(识别)people'sfaces,andevencanseewhensomeonepassesbyinthedark.Thenitcansendyouamessageonyoursmartphonetoletyouknowwho'sthere.Ifthepersonissomeoneyoudon'tknow,itcantellyouthat,too.ButaccordingtoMITTechnologyReview,whethercompaniesareconnectingdogfoodbowlsorsecurity(安全)systemstotheInternet,theremaybeproblems.Forexample,manyearlyconnected-homedevices(装置)don'thavemuchbuilt-insecurity,whichmeanstheycouldbehacked(被黑客攻击)，Inaddition,itcouldbedifficulttogetthesedevicestoworktogetherbecausetheyaremadebydifferentcompanies.Tofightthis,manycompanieshavejoinedtheOpenInterconnectConsortium,whichhad45membersbylate2014.So,picturethis:youwalkinthroughthefrontdoorofyourhome.Thetemperaturechangestomakeyoufeelcomfortableafteralongdayatschool.Yourfavoritemusicstartsplayingforyou.Doyouthinkthatthiswouldbeagoodthing?Itmayhappensoonerthanyouthink.32.TheSamsungCEO'sspeechismentionedtoprovethat_____.A.theInternetofthingswillappearinourdailylifesoonerB.SamsunghasproducedtheInternetofthingsrecentlyC.SamsungproductshavebeenpartoftheInternetofthingsD.hespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings33.Wecaninfer(推断)fromparagraphs3and4thatA.thechaircanknowwhethertheuserfeelscoldornotB.ausualchaircanwarmupwhenitknowstheusercomesinC.anInternet-connectedcameracanbeusedtotakephotosinthehouseD.anInternet-connectedcameracanbeconnectedtotheuser'ssmartphone34.Accordingtothepassage,itismentionedthat_____·①thetemperatureinsideisneithertoohighnortoolow②yourfridgeprovidesthedrinksforyou③thechairwarmsupifyoufeelcold④yourfavouritemusicstartsplaying⑤yourwashingmachinestartsworkingA.①②⑤B.②③④C.①③④D.①④⑤35.What'stheproblemabouttheInternetofthings?A.Companieswhichproduceconnected-homedeviceshaven'tjoinedtogether.B.Connected-homedevicesmaynotworktogetherandcaneasilygethacked.C.CompanieshavedifficultyconnectingsecuritysystemtotheInternet.’D.Thesenewdevicesareproducedbydifferentcompanies.【答案】32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】试题分析：句意：本文是一篇科技文。主要讲述以后的家用设施将会更多地与网络相连，更加智能化。32.A推理判断题。题意：提到三星CEO的演讲证明什么？A.theInternetofthingswillappearinourdailylifesooner不久我们日常生活中将会出现上网的东西。B.SamsunghasproducedtheInternetofthingsrecently三星已生产出上网的日常物品；C.SamsungproductshavebeenpartoftheInternetofthings三星的产品成为了上网物品的一部分；D.hespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings他花了许多时间谈论上网的物品。根据短文，第二段引用三星CEO的这段话主要目的是为了证明第二段的第一句话“TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.”故选A。34.C推理判断题。题意：根据短文内容，提到了哪些？①thetemperatureinsideisneithertoohighnortoolow室内的温度不太高也不太低；②yourfridgeprovidesthedrinksforyou你的冰箱为你提供饮料；③thechairwarmsupifyoufeelcold如果你感到冷，椅子会升温；④yourfavouritemusicstartsplaying你最喜欢的音乐开始播放；⑤yourwashingmachinestartsworking你的洗衣机开始工作；A.①②⑤；B.②③④；C.①③④；D.①④⑤根据最后一段“Thetemperaturechangestomakeyoufeelcomfortableafteralongdayatschool.Yourfavoritemusicstartsplayingforyou.”可知①和④是对的，排除A和B。根据“thechairwarmsupwhenitknowsthattheuserhasjustwalkedintotheroomandisfeelingcold.”可知③是对的，所以选C。35.B推理判断题。题意：上网物品的问题是什么？A.Companieswhichproduceconnected-homedeviceshaven'tjoinedtogether.生产家用联网产品的公司还未协作；B.Connected-homedevicesmaynotworktogetherandcaneasilygethacked.联网服务可以协作但容易被攻击；C.CompanieshavedifficultyconnectingsecuritysystemtotheInternet.’公司把安全的系统连接到网络有困难；D.Thesenewdevicesareproducedbydifferentcompanies.这些新的装置由不同的公司生产。倒数第二段关于问题列举了两个例子“Forexample,manyearlyconnected-homedevices(装置)don'thavemuchbuilt-insecurity,whichmeanstheycouldbehacked(被黑客攻击).Inaddition,itcouldbedifficulttogetthesedevicestoworktogetherbecausetheyaremadebydifferentcompanies.”一个是容易被黑客攻击，还有一个就是有可能不兼容，只有B点都提及到了。故选B。【考点定位】考查科教类短文阅读。3、【江苏省盐城市2015年中考英语试题】阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。(共15小题，每小题2分，计30分)AAplantisalivingthing.Itusesitsmanypartstogrowfromasmallseedtoalargeplant.Eachparthelpstheplantstayhealthy.Plantsalsoneedsunlighttogrow.Theygetlightfromthesunandmineralsfromthesoil.Thesethingshelptheplantstayaliveandgrow.FruitSomeplantshavefruit.Thefruitgrowsaroundtheseedsandkeepsthemsafe.Theyusesunlight,waterandairtomakeaplant'sfood.FruitSomeplantshavefruit.Thefruitgrowsaroundtheseedsandkeepsthemsafe.Theyusesunlight,waterandairtomakeaplant'sfood.Flowersmakeseedsthatcangrowintonewplants.Seedscangrowintonewplants.Flowersmakeseedsthatcangrowintonewplants.Seedscangrowintonewplants.Aplantgrowsrootsundertheground.Therootsholdtheplantinplace.Aplantgrowsrootsundertheground.Therootsholdtheplantinplace.Thestemhelpsholdtheplantup.Itmovesthefoodandwaterfromtherootstotheotherpartsoftheplant.31.Whichwordcanbefilledintheemptybox?A.Leaves. B.Sticks. C.Bushes D.Grasses32.Whichpartmightgrowaroundtheseeds?A.Thestem. B.Theflower. C.Theroot. D.Thefruit.33.WhichsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Aplantgrowsflowersundertheground. B.Flowerscangrowintonewplants.C.Notallplantshavefruit. D.Thestemhelpsholdtherootsup.34.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Plantparts. B.Plantseeds. C.Plantleaves. D.Plantroots.35.Inwhatsubjectmightyoulearnthispassage?A.Geography. B.Biology. C.Physics. D.Chemistry.【答案】31．A32．D33．C34．A35．B32．D细节理解题。根据短文中Someplantshavefruit.Thefruitgrowsaroundtheseedsandkeepthemsafe可知，果实长在种子的周围，保护种子的安全。由此可知选D。33．C推理判断题。根据短文中Someplantshavefruit可知，一些植物有果实，并不是所有的植物都有果实。故C是正确的。根据Aplantgrowsrootsundertheground可知，植物的根长在地面下，故A不对；根据Flowersmakeseedsthatgrowintonewplants可知B不对；根据Thestemhelpsholdtheplantup可知D不对。34．A主旨大意题。这篇短文利用图示给我们介绍了植物的各个部分以及他们的作用，故应该选A。B植物的种子、C植物的叶和D植物的根都只是文章的一部分，概括不全面。35．B推理判断题。根据短文大意可知，这篇短文给我们介绍的是植物的各个部分以及他们的作用，这样的知识我们应该是在生物课上学习的。故应选B。A是地理；C是物理；D是化学。【考点定位】科普类短文阅读。 4、【山东省东营市2015年中考英语试题】阅读理解（共20小题，计30分）阅读下列短文，然后从每小题A.B.C.D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。DTherearemanycolorsinnature.Butdoyouthinkthatacolorhasweight?Ithinkyou'llsay6/no".ButI'mafraidyouarewrong.Ifyoudon'tbelieveit,youmaydoasmallexperiment(实验).First,puttwoobjectswiththesameweightintotwoboxes.Thencovertheboxes.Third,wrap(包裹)oneboxwitharedpieceofpaper,theotheronewithawhitepieceofpaper.OK.Nowholdtheboxeswithyourhandonebyone.Itiscertainthatyouwillthinktheredoneisalittleheavier.Whydoyouthinkso?Ascientistfoundthatdifferentcolorshavedifferentweightsinman'smind.Thatistosay,everycolorhasitsownweightinourmind.Thescientisttoldusthatcolorsalsohavesmell.Canyousmellthecolor?Ofcoursenot.ThenwhydidthescientistsayS07Thatisbecauseeverycolorstandsfor(代表)akindoflightwithacertainwavelength,(波长).ItreachesourbrainthroughsenseorgansAccordingtothisdiscovery,scientistssaythatpeopleacceptthecolorstheylike,andrefusethecolorstheyhate.Soyourbodyandmindwillbehealthybyusingthecolorsyoulike.Oryou'llbenervousorevengetill.Forexample(例如),youlikeblueandhatered.Ifyoustayinaroomwithredwindows,wallpaperandfurniture（家具)fortwohours,you'llfeelyouhavebeenthereforfourhours.Butiftheroomisblue,you'llfeelyouhavebeenthereforonlyanhour.And,ifapersonwalksoutofablueroomandintoaredroom,histemperaturewillrise.Thatmeansourbodytemperaturewillchangewithdifferentcolors.51.Fromtheexperiment,weknowthat.A.thetwoboxeshavethesameweightB.colorscanchangetheweightofanobjectC.theredpaperisheavierthanthewhitepaperD.colorshavedifferentweightsinpeople'smind52.Fromthefourthparagraph,wecaninfer(推断)____.A.thesmellofcolorsischangeable（可变的）B.peoplecansensethelightfromcolorsC.peoplecansmellthecolorsthroughthenoseD.allthecolorshavethesamesmellfortheblind[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]53.Whichofthefollowingistrue?____.A.WhitecolorisheavierthanredcolorB.Peoplemaygetilliftheyrefusethecolorstheydon'tlikeC.PeoplecanstaylongerinredroomsthaninblueroomsD.People'sbodytemperaturewillchangewithdifferentcolors54.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat____.A.redcolorisbadforourhealthB.peoplemaygetnervousinaredroomC.bluecolorcanraise（提升）ourbodytemperatureD.colorscaninfluenceourmood（情绪）andhealth55.Thepassageisprobably____.A.ashortnovelB.anewsreportC.asciencereportD.anadvertisement【答案】51.D52.B53.D54.D55.C【解析】试题分析：你知道颜色是有重量的吗？你知道我们可以感觉到颜色吗？你知道颜色可以影响我们的情绪和健康吗？这些事实可能我们从来都没听说过，但是短文中作者给我们呈现的就是科学家们的报告，还有具体的实验来证明这些。51.D细节理解题。根据短文第三段中Whydoyouthinkso?Ascientistfoundthatdifferentcolorshavedifferentweightsinman'smind.Thatistosay,everycolorhasitsownweightinourmind可知，科学家发现不同的颜色在我们的思想里有不同的重量。故应选D。52.B细节理解题。根据短文第四段的内容Thatisbecauseeverycolorstandsfor(代表)akindoflightwithacertainwavelength,(波长).Itreachesourbrainthroughsenseorgans可知，每种颜色都代表一种波长的光，它能通过感觉器官传播到我们的大脑，因此人们能感觉到颜色。由此可知选B。53.D推理判断题。根据短文最后一段中Forexample(例如),youlikeblueandhatered…And,ifapersonwalksoutofablueroomandintoaredroom,histemperaturewillrise.可知，颜色会影响人们的健康。作者举了一个例子，加入你喜欢蓝色，讨厌红色，如果你从一个蓝色的房间，走进一个红色的房间，你的体温就会升高。由此可知D选项是正确的。54.D推理判断题。根据短文的最后一段scientistssaythatpeopleacceptthecolorstheylike,andrefusethecolorstheyhate.Soyourbodyandmindwillbehealthybyusingthecolorsyoulike.可知，科学家们发现人们会接受自己喜欢的颜色，拒绝自己讨厌的颜色，因此使用我们喜欢的颜色，我们的身体和大脑就会是健康的。由此可知，颜色能影响我们的情绪和健康。故选D。【考点定位】科普类短文阅读。 5.【山东省青岛市2015年中考英语试题】阅读理解阅读下面短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳答案。A篇为判断正（A）误（B）题，B、C篇为选择题(共15道小题，每小题1分，共20分)AAnimportantpartoflearningsomethingismakingsureyouplanyourtimeanduseitwell.Ifyouwanttorememberthingswell,youneedtoreviewinformationyou’velearned.Trytofollowtheadvice:DODON’T●Makeastudytimetableatleastthreeweeksbeforeyourexamsandfollowtimetorelaxandhavefun.●Reviewlittleandoften.●Whileyou’restudying,haveshortregularbreaks.Ashortbreakevery45minutesisgoodidea.Standupandwalkaround—youwillfeelmoreawake.●Trymakingaweeklyplanshowingwhatyoudoeveryday(school,travel,meals,etc).Youmightseewhereyou’rewastingtimethatyoucouldusetostudyorread.●Studyforhourseverynightaweekbeforeyourexam!Studyingforhoursthenightbeforewillmakeyoutiredandyourbrainwon’tworkwell.●Studyforalongperiodoftimewithoutabreak.Youprobablywon’trememberinformationverywellifyoudothis●Worrytoomuch.Ifyoufeelnervous,youwon’tlearnaswellasifyou’rerelaxed.21.Whenlearningsomething,you’dbettermakeaplanfirst.22.Makesuretoreviewasmuchaspossibleeverytime.23.You’llfeelmoreawakeaftera45-minutebreakwhilestudying.24.Ifyouworrytoomuch,youcan’tlearnwell.25.Youshouldstayuplatethenightbeforeexams.【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.A25.B22.B句意：每一次务必尽可能多地复习。由左栏第二句：Reviewlittleandoften.（复习少而经常）可知是错误的。23.B句意：学习时休息45分钟。你会感到更清醒。由左栏第三句：Ashortbreakevery45minutesisgoodidea.Standupandwalkaround—youwillfeelmoreawake.（每45分钟短暂休息是好主意，站起来四处走动，你会感到更清醒）可知是错误的。24.A句意：如果你担忧太多，你不能学好。由右栏第三句：Ifyoufeelnervous,youwon’tlearnaswellasifyou’rerelaxed.（如果你感到紧张，你不如轻松时学得好。）可知是正确的。25.B句意：考试前你应该熬夜。由右栏第一句：Studyingforhoursthenightbeforewillmakeyoutiredandyourbrainwon’tworkwell.（考试前的晚上学习数小时会疲倦而且你的大脑不能很好地工作）可知是错误的。【考点定位】考查科教类短文阅读。6.【上海市2015年中考英语试题】Completethefollowingpassagewiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Eachcanbeusedonlyonce.(将下列单词或词组填入空格，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)（共8分）A.variousB.similarC.withcareD.familiarE.introubleTodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutrainforests.Areyou46withthem?They’reinterestingandexcitingplaces!Manykindsoftheworld’splantsandanimalsliveintherainforests.However,rainforestsare47now---theyaredisappearingveryfastbecausetheyarecutdownorburnteveryday.Asaresult,48animalsandplantsaredyingout.Maybeyouhaveneverbeentoarainforest,sowhyshouldyouprotectthem49?Rainforestsareimportanttoeveryone.Theyareimportantbecausetheplantsintherainforestsmakeoxygen.Weneedoxygentobreathe.【答案】46.D 47.E48.A49.C【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了因为人类的不断砍伐雨林在很快消失，同时珍稀动植物也会灭亡。雨林对于每个人都是重要的，我们要一起保护雨林。46.D句意：今天，我打算谈谈雨林。你们熟悉他们吗?sthbefamiliartosb某物为某人所熟悉；sbbefamiliarwithsth某人熟悉（通晓,精通）某事。结合句意，故选D47.E句意：然而雨林处于困境之中。结合后文因为他们每天都被砍伐和燃烧所以他们消失的非常快。可知雨林处于困境之中。故填E48.A句意：结果是，珍稀动物和植物就要灭绝。根据上文雨林在消失，可知动物也会减少，结合所给的词汇，故选A49.C句意：也许你从来都没有去过雨林，那么你为什么你应该小心地保护他们呢？根据后文雨林的重要性，可知是用心的保护。结合所给选项，故选C【考点定位】环境保护类短文阅读。7.【上海市2015年中考英语试题】Completethefollowingpassagewiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Eachcanbeusedonlyonce.(将下列单词或词组填入空格，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)（共8分）A.destroyB.medicinesC.dependsonD.machinesE.controlRainforestalsohelpto50theweather.Whentreesarecutdown,itgetshotter.Besides,onequarterofour51comefromplants.Manyoftheseplantscanbefoundonlyinrainforests.Thereisalotthatwehavenotlearntaboutrainforests.Ifwe52them,wewillneverfindout.Inmyopinion,ourfuture53savingtherainforests.Wemusttellmorepeoplehowimportantrainforestsaresothattheywillstopdoingharmtothem.Wemustprotecttherainforestsnow.Wehavetoactnowtosaveouronlyhome.【答案】50.E 51.B52.A53.C【解析】试题分析：这篇短文承接上文继续描述了雨林对人类的重要性，再次强调我们必须保护雨林，必须马上行动起来保护我们唯一的家园。50.E句意：雨林也有助于调控天气。根据后文当树木被砍伐，天气就变的更热，可知雨林能帮助控制天气，故填E 53.C在我看来，我们的未来取决于对雨林的拯救。dependson取决于，依赖。结合句意，故选C【考点定位】环境保护类短文阅读。8.【上海市2015年中考英语试题】Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）It’sacommonschooldayatSo