徐州专版2020中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题09构词法课件

专题（九）构词法第二篇

语法专题突破考点一派生法英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词缀叫前缀,加在词根后的词缀叫后缀。1.前缀(1)表否定意义的前缀前缀含义例词un-不happy→unhappy(不高兴的)friendly→unfriendly(不友好的)usual→unusual(不寻常的)able→unable(不能的)popular→unpopular(不流行的)前缀含义例词in-不active→inactive(不积极的)correct→incorrect(不正确的)expensive→inexpensive(不贵的)im-不polite→impolite(不礼貌的)

patient→impatient(没有耐心的)possible→impossible(不可能的)dis-不like→dislike(不喜欢)

appear→disappear(消失)agree→disagree(不同意)non-不;非smoker→non-smoker(非吸烟者)

human→non-human(非人类的)native→non-native(非母语的;非本地的)(2)其他前缀含义例词mis-错误;失误understand→misunderstand(误解)lead→mislead(误导)behavior→misbehavior(行为不端)re-又;再;重新view→review(复习)

write→rewrite(重写)inter-相互;交互在一起net→Internet(互联网)national→international(国际的)connect→interconnect(相互关联)前缀含义例词tele-远phone→telephone(电话)

vision→television(电视)en-使可能rich→enrich(使丰富)

able→enable(使能够)a-使处于……情况live→alive(活着的)wake→awake(醒着的)sleep→asleep(睡着的)2.后缀形式后缀例词形容词→副词+-lywide→widely

quiet→quietly

sad→sadly

slow→slowly以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-lyhappy→happilyangry→angrily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-ysimple→simply

terrible→terribly少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e,再加-lytrue→truly形式后缀例词名词→形容词+-yrain→rainy

health→healthywealth→wealthy

luck→lucky+-lyweek→weekly

love→lovely

friend→friendly+-ousdanger→dangerous+-fulcare→careful

use→usefulhelp→helpful+-lessuse→useless

help→helpless

care→careless形式后缀例词名词→形容词+-ernwest→western

south→southern+-engold→golden

wood→wooden+-alnation→national其他China→Chinese

France→FrenchAmerica→American

Canada→CanadianAsia→Asian

centre→central形式后缀例词动词→形容词+-eddisappoint→disappointedinterest→interested+-ingfollow→following

interest→interesting+-tiveact→active

create→creative+-ableenjoy→enjoyablecomfort→comfortablesuit→suitable形式后缀例词形容词→名词+-nessill→illness

sad→sadness

kind→kindness+-ydifficult→difficulty+-ityable→ability

possible→possibility+-ce(以t结尾的形容词去t,再加-ce)important→importance

silent→silencedifferent→difference形式后缀例词动词→名词+-erteach→teacher

win→winner

work→worker+-oract→actor

visit→visitor

direct→director+-ioninvite→invitation

decide→decision+-mentdevelop→development

move→movement+-ingfish→fishing

read→reading

hear→hearing+-istart→artist

piano→pianist

tour→tourist

science→scientist形式后缀例词其他serve(v.)→service(n.)

courage(n.)→encourage(v.)hot(adj.)→heat(n.)

safe(adj.)→safety(n.)high(adj.)→height(n.)→highly(adv.)考点二

合成法英语中由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。常见的合成法如下：(1)合成名词classroom(名词+名词)blackboard(形容词+名词)(2)合成形容词worldwide(名词+形容词)good-looking(形容词+现在分词)(3)合成动词overcome(副词+动词)(4)合成数词fifty-four(数词+数词)(5)合成代词everybody,somebody,anything(代词+名词)(6)合成副词downstairs(副词+名词)whole-heartedly(形容词+副词)(7)合成介词inside(介词+名词)

within(介词+介词)

into(介词+介词)考点三

转化法英语中把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式有：名词→动词,形容词→动词,动词→名词。(1)名词→动词show(n.展览;展示)→show(v.表演;展出)water(n.水)→water(v.浇水)speed(n.速度)→speed(v.加速)(2)形容词→动词slow(adj.慢的)→slow(v.放慢)(3)动词→名词walk(v.散步;走)→walk(n.散步)look(v.看)→look(n.看)talk(v.谈话)→talk(n.谈话)rest(v.休息)→rest(n.休息)break(v.打破)→break(n.休息)对接中考专练语法专题训练1.[2019·徐州质检]Withthe

(develop)ofeconomy,ourincomehasincreasedby10%recently.

2.[2018·徐州一模]Trytocalmdownandnottoget

(patient)whilefacingmuchstress.

3.I'mgladtohearthatmyfavourite

(sing)hascometoourcity.

4.It's

(possible)toseparateDiaoyuIslandfromChina.

5.TheBrucefamilyhadtogiveupcampinginthePurpleMountainonsucha

(fog)day.

6.Ifyoudo

(care)inthetest,youwon'tgethighmarks.

development

impatient

singerimpossible

foggy

carelessly对接中考专练语法专题训练7.Itseemstobe

(hope)togetintotheamusementpark.Let'sgobackhome.

8.Notall

(wealth)peoplehavetowearexpensiveclothesandnotallcleverpeoplehavetowearglasses.

9.Foryour

(safe),smokingisnotallowedduringthewholeflight.

10.Blueisa

(peace)colour.Peopleoftenfeelquietinbluerooms.

11.Asaguide,Imustpayattentiontoallthe

(tour)safetyduringtheirtrip.

hopeless

wealthy

safety

peacefultourists'对接中考专练语法专题训练12.EastonLaChappelle,a19-year-old

(invent),builtanarmbydevelopingmostofthepartsthrougha3-Dprinter.

13.StephenHawkingiswidelyconsideredasoneofthegreatest

(science)intheworld.

14.Ididn'tsleepwellandstayed

(wake)untiltheearlymorning.

15.Haveyoueverhea