高考英语一轮复习课时作业三十九选修8Unit4Pygmalion课件新人教版

三十九选修8

Unit4

Pygmalion(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·合肥模拟)

MostofBangladeshisatorbelowsealevel.Risingseawaterlinkedtoclimatechangehasseverelyaffectedthecountry.Highwaterfromstormsincoastalareasalsoaddssalttosoil.Thelandisbecomingsalty.Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.Morethan155millionpeopleliveinBangladesh.GrowingcropsisthemostcommonwayBangladeshissupportthemselves.

Tofindawayout,farmersinthecountryarelearningtogrowvegetablesinso-called“verticalgardens”.Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.

Averticalgardeniseasytomake.Villagersfillcontainerswithgoodsoilandnaturalfertilizers.Theyputthecontainersonbrickssotheyareofftheground.Theyaddpiecesofthebrickstothesoiltohelpwaterflowanddrain(排水).

Thefarmerscutsmallholesintothesidesofthecontainers.Thispermitsvegetableswithshortrootsaplacetogrow.Vegetableswithlongrootsgrowontopofthecontainer.Onebagofsoilcanproduceuptoeightkilogramsofvegetablesinoneseason.

Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge,thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This“verticaltower”measuresmorethanameterwide.Eachofthesetowerscanproducemorethan100kilogramsofvegetables.Itcostsabout$12-$13tobuild.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。“农作物产量减少”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。为了找到出路,这个国家的农民正在学习在所谓的“垂直花园”里种植蔬菜。1.WhatismentionedasabigproblemforBangladesh?A.Severeclimateconditions.B.Toomanypeopletosupport.C.Lackofenoughfreshwater.D.Reducedcropproductivity.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.”可知,“农作物产量减少”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。2.Whichmainlymakesvegetablesgrowinginverticalgardenssuccessful?A.Placesinthesoilforroots.B.Heavyrainskeptinthesoil.C.Thegoodsoilwithlittlesalt.D.Brickpiecesaddedtothesoil.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.”可知,少盐的好土让垂直花园的蔬菜种植成功。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.Bricks.

B.Fertilizers.C.Villagers. D.Containers.【解析】选D。代词指代题。根据第三段可知,垂直花园很容易建造。村民们用好土和天然肥料装满容器。他们把容器放在砖上,这样它们就离地了。他们在土壤中加入砖块来帮助水流和排水。由此推断画线词they指代的是“容器”。4.Whatcanweinferabouttheverticaltower?A.Itisofftheground.B.Itdrainsveryimproperly.C.Itusesbambooforcontainers.D.Itisunfitforgrowingvegetables.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge,thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This’verticaltower’measuresmorethanameterwide.”可知,农民们也在由竹子支撑的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里种植蔬菜。这个“verticaltower”有一米多宽。B

Itisoneoftheoldestmagictricksinthebook—amagicianlocksawomaninabox,withherheadandfeetstickingoutfromeitherend,andsaws(锯)itinhalf.Butwhenshefinallyjumpsoutoftheboxthewomanisunharmed.

Thistrickwasintroducednearlyacenturyago.Ithasbeenaroundforsometime,butitnevergoeswrong.Whyisitsosuccessful?Theanswerissimple:Thehumanmindiseasilyfooled.

Ourbrainprocessestheworldaroundusbasedoninformationthatsensoryorgans,includingtheeyes,pickup.Forinstance,whenweseeacoworahorsestandingbehindatree,weautomatically“fillin”thepartoftheanimal’sbodythatishiddenfromoursight.“Sothebrainistakingthiskindofverysparse(匮乏的)informationabouttheworldandit’sgeneratingthisrichworldbyfillingininformation,”StephenMacknik,scientistattheBarrowNeurologicalInstituteinArizona,US,toldSciencemagazine.

Butsinceourbrainsarefillinginthegaps,sometimestheygetitwrong.Theytendtobedrivenbyyourpreviousexperiencesandyouexpectthingstogoastheydidinthepastevenifsometimestheydonot.

Thistendencyexplainsmagicians’successinfoolingpeoplewithwell-knowncointricks.Forexample,whenyouseeamagicianthrownacoinupanddowninonehandandthenfakeacointhrowtotheotherhand,youwouldnaturallybelievethatthecoinisintheotherhand.

Apartfromtheinformationgaps,magiciansalsousethe“blind

spots”theorywhendoingtheirshows.Themostwellknownexperimentdemonstratingthistheoryiscalledthe“invisiblegorilla”,inwhichvolunteerswatchavideooftwobasketballteams.Theyareaskedtocounthowmanytimestheteamswearingwhiteshirtspasstheball.Inthemeantime,apersondressedasagorillawalksontothecourt.Butshockingly,halfoftheviewersdon’tnoticethegorilla,evenwhentheyappeartobelookingdirectlyatit.Magiciansemploythistrick,whattheycall“misdirection”,inalmosteveryoneoftheiracts.Theydirectourattentionsomewhereelseusingcomedyandmusic,whichcanmakeusmissstuffduringtheperformance.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些著名的魔术以及魔术师在表演过程中所使用的一些原理。5.Forwhatpurposeisthemagictrickmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethestepsofthemagictrick.B.Toprovemagictricksseldomgowrong.C.Toshowhowmagictricksaredesigned.D.Togetreaderstowonderaboutmagictricks.【解析】选D。写作意图题。根据第一段可知,文章描述了一个大家都熟悉的魔术场景,目的是吸引读者的注意力,让读者对魔术感到好奇。6.Whattheorydothemagiciansuseincointricks?A.Informationgaps.

B.Blindspots.C.Misdirection. D.Invisiblegorilla.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三、四段及第五段第一句可知,魔术师取得硬币戏法的成功是利用了信息断层的原理。7.Whydovolunteerswatchingthevideoignorethe“gorilla”intheexperiment?A.Theydon’tlookdirectlyatit.B.Theyarenotinterestedinit.C.Theyaretoofocusedoncounting.D.Theyconsiderittobeadistraction.【解析】选C。推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第六段第一句中的“usethe’blindspots’theory”可知,“invisiblegorilla”实验证明了盲点理论;再根据最后一段第一句中的“misdirection”可知,这一实验之所以有这样的结果,是因为在实验中用到了误导策略。由此可推知,实验参与者被要求去数穿白色衣服球队的传球数目,导致参与者的精力全都集中在数数上了,所以他们看不到大猩猩。Ⅱ.完形填空

OverthelastsummerIvolunteeredatasummercampforchildrenaged5through12.EverydayforsixweeksI

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pedalpowertoconquerthehillknownonlyasDepot.

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IarrivedatAbbotSchoolat7:30,Ibeganmyseven-hourdayofcleaning,entertainingandothers.Byhelpingthesekidsandworkingwithothercounselors,Iwasabletodevelopabetter

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ofresponsibilitynotjustmyself,butfor

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aroundme.

InthebeginningIhelpedwitha

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oftwelve-year-olds.Ihadalotoffunbecausetheywerethemostmature

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,andIcouldrelatetothem.Theydidn’tneedas

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helpastheyoungerkidssothedirectorofthecampswitchedmedowntosix-year-olds.

Forthe

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fewyearsIhadbeentoanadventurecampinthewoodsofMaine.ThereIparticipatedinrafting,rock-climbing,andsea-kayaking.Butnothingcouldhave

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meforworkingnon-stopwith15six-year-olds.Fromfightsoverbattingorder

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whogottosipfromthewaterfountain

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,wewereinaconstant

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ofnoise.Icouldnowunderstandwhyparentsalwaysseemedto

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asighofreliefastheydroppedofftheirlittlebundlesofenergyeverymorning.

ForthefirstsummerIwasdoingsomethingthat

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someoneelse,andIfoundmore

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inthatthananywastedbreezydayofsummerspast.

Duringthisuniqueopportunityofgivinga

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partofmysummer,Iwasabletogetbacksomuchmore.Ilearnedhowmuchmytimeisreally

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andhowtotakeresponsibilityformyselfand

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others.Ilearnedhowdifferenteachindividualisandhowneeds

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.IgainedmoreconfidencewhenIrealizedIcould

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intherealworld.

【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了去年夏天,自己在一个5到12岁儿童的夏令营当志愿者的经历。这次经历使作者收获了许多,受益匪浅。1.A.used B.producedC.wasted D.accumulated【解析】选A。句意:在六个星期里,我每天都用自行车的力量去征服那座被称为Depot的小山。use用;produce产生;waste浪费;accumulate积累。故选A。2.A.Though B.Because C.Once D.If【解析】选C。句意:一旦我七点半到达Abbot学校,我就开始了一天七小时的清洁、娱乐和其他活动。故选C。3.A.knowledge B.senseC.duty D.sight【解析】选B。句意:通过帮助这些孩子,并与其他辅导员一起工作,我不仅能够培养自己更好的责任感,而且能够为我周围的人培养责任感。knowledge知识;sense感觉;duty责任;sight景象。故选B。4.A.any B.ones C.these D.those【解析】选D。any任何;ones代替上文出现的可数名词复数;these这些;those那些。故选D。5.A.grade B.group C.class D.pack【解析】选B。句意:起初,我帮助一群12岁的孩子。grade年级;group群;class班级;pack包装。故选B。6.A.campers B.volunteersC.teachers D.guides【解析】选A。根据OverthelastsummerIvolunteeredatasummercampforchildrenaged5through12.可知这里意思是我玩得很开心,因为他们是最成熟的露营者,我能与他们产生共鸣。camper露营者;volunteer志愿者;teacher教师;guide指南。故选A。7.A.many B.some C.much D.other【解析】选C。句意:他们不像年幼的孩子那样需要那么多的帮助,所以夏令营的负责人把我调到了6岁年龄组。asmanyas和……一样(修饰可数名词);some一些;asmuchas和……一样(修饰不可数名词);other其他的。故选C。8.A.next B.old C.previous D.future【解析】选C。句意:在过去的几年里,我参加了缅因州森林里的探险营地。next其次的;old年老的;previous早先的;future未来的。故选C。9.A.prevented B.restrictedC.advised D.prepared【解析】选D。句意:但没有什么能让我准备好和15个6岁的孩子不停地工作。prevent阻止;restrict限制;advise建议;prepare准备。故选D。10.A.to B.in C.for D.of【解析】选A。句意:从为击球顺序争吵到谁先喝喷泉式饮水器里的水,我们一直处于嘈杂的状态。from...to从……到,该用法是固定用法,故选A。11.A.directly B.first C.politely D.slow【解析】选B。directly直接地;first首先;politely有礼貌地;slow慢慢地。故选B。12.A.spirit B.view C.state D.shape【解析】选C。spirit精神;view观察;state状态;shape形状。故选C。13.A.bringabout B.resultfromC.findout D.letout【解析】选D。句意:我现在明白了为什么父母们每天早上放下他们的小淘气包时,似乎总是会松一口气。bringabout引起;resultfrom由……造成;findout找出;letout放出。故选D。14.A.defeated B.benefitedC.regretted D.interested【解析】选B。句意:第一个夏天,我做了一些让别人受益的事情,我从中得到的满足感比以往任何日子都要多。defeat击败;benefit使受益;regret后悔;interest感兴趣。故选B。15.A.opportunity B.relationshipC.difference D.satisfaction【解析】选D。opportunity机会;relationship关系;difference不同;satisfaction满足。故选D。16.A.small B.valuableC.boring D.major【解析】选A。句意:在我夏天中的一小部分,给我这个难得的机会,让我能够得到这么多。small小的;valuable有价值的;boring无聊的;major主要的。故选A。17.A.short B.worthC.necessary D.unique【解析】选B。句意:我认识到我的时间是多么宝贵,学会了如何为自己,尤其是他人负责。short短的;worth值……的;necessary必要的;unique独特的。故选B。18.A.particularly B.merelyC.especially D.thoroughly【解析】选C。particularly特别地;merely只不过;especially尤其;thoroughly彻底地。故选C。19.A.vary B.improveC.increase D.develop【解析】选A。句意:我了解到每个人是多么不同以及需求如何变化。vary变化;improve改善;increase增加;develop进步。故选A。20.A.create B.struggleC.appear D.survive【解析】选D。句意:当我意识到我可以在现实世界中生存时,我获得了更多的信心。create创造;struggle挣扎;appear出现;survive生存。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Icelandisalandofvolcanoes.Nowhereis1._________(evident)thanontheWestmanIslandsoffthesoutherncoastofIceland.Here,2._________(century)ofvolcaniceruptionsformedmanyeye-catchingseacliffs(悬崖),among3._________onestandsout:Apartofthevolcano-formedcoastonHeimaeylooksexactlyliketheheadofalargeelephant4._________(stick)itstrunkinthewater.

Infact,itlookssomuchlikeanelephantthatmanypeoplethinkitmusthavebeenshapedbyhumans.Thatisnot5._________case,however.Theelephant’srealistic6._________(appear)is,atleastpartially,duetothefactthatthecliff7._________(consist)ofaspecialrock.Therockgivesthefigure“skin”thatlookswrinkledandgray,justlikethatofarealelephant.

ThemostcommontheoryisthattherockformationscamefromtheEldfellVolcano,which8._________(erupt)manytimessincethe1940s.

Inspiteofthestrongresemblancetoanelephant,somepeople9._________(actual