2017年高考英语一轮复习第一部分基础知识聚焦Unit4Earthquakes课件新人教版必修1

路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索走向高考·英语人教版·高考总复习Unit4

Earthquakes必修一第一部分基础知识聚焦考点探究演练2基础知识巩固3基础知识晨记1基础知识晨记Ⅰ.单词速记A．快速识记1．________n．&vt.援救；营救2．________vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭3．________n．标题；头衔；资格4．________n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处5．________vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境6．________n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产7．________vi.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发8．________n.要点；大纲；轮廓vt.概述；略述rescuedestroytitlesheltertrapruinburstoutline9．________n.记者→________n．&vt.报告；报导10．________adj.极度的→________adv.极其；非常11．______vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏→______n．埋葬；葬礼12．______________n．祝贺；贺词→_____________vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺13．________n．污垢；泥土→________adj.脏的；下流的；卑鄙的14．________adv.真诚地；真挚地→________adj.真诚的；诚挚的reporterreportextremeextremelyburyburialcongratulationcongratulatedirtdirtysincerelysincere15．________n．灾难；灾祸→________adj.灾难性的；损失惨重的16．________n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断→________n．判断；判断力17．________vt.损害；伤害→________adj.受伤的；受损害的→________n．伤害；受伤；损害18．________vt.使惊吓；吓唬→__________adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→___________adj.令人恐惧的disasterdisastrousjudgejudgmentinjureinjuredinjuryfrightenfrightenedfrightening19．________n．民族；国家；国民→________adj.国家的；民族的→__________n.国籍；民族20．________v．(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊→________adj.震惊的→________adj.令人震惊的nationnationalnationalityshockshockedshockingB．归类巧记1．“自然灾害”相关单词一览①disastern．

灾难；不幸②earthquaken. 地震③droughtn. 旱灾；干旱④eruptionn. (火山)喷发⑤hurricanen. 飓风⑥tsunamin. 海啸2．“破坏”家庭①damagen．&vt. 损失；损害②destroyvt. 毁坏；毁掉③ruinn．&vt. 毁灭；废墟3．“­less”后缀的形容词归纳①useless 无用的②helpless 无助的③homeless 无家可归的④harmless 无害的⑤jobless 失业的⑥endless 无尽的Ⅱ.高频短语1．结束；终结

________2．刮走；吹走

________3．代替…… ________4．掘出；发现

________5．许多；大量

________6．倒塌

________7．立刻；马上

________8．毁坏；成为废墟

________9．陷入……/陷在……下面

________atanendblowawayinsteadof...digoutagreatnumberoffalldownrightaway(＝atonce/innotime/immediately)inruinsbetrappedin10．带来；引进

________11．以……而自豪

________12．因为/作为……出名

________13．像往常一样

________14．好像

________15．突然大笑/大哭

________bringintakeprideinbeknownfor/as(＝befamous/notedfor/as)asusualasifburstintolaughter/tears或burstoutlaughing/crying16．祝贺/恭喜…… ________17．轻视；不重视

________18．睡醒；醒来

________19．因为……感到自豪

________20．……之后不久

________congratulationsonsth.(注意与on搭配)thinklittleof(表“重视”的短语有thinkhighlyof/paymuchattentionto/attachgreatimportanceto等)wakeupbeproudof...notlongafter...(＝soon/shortlyafter...)Ⅲ.佳句填空1．Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,________thoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleep________________thatnight.但是唐山市的100万居民几乎没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。2．Everywheretheylookednearlyeverything________(destroy)．人们无论朝哪里看，一切都几乎被毁坏了。3．Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisaster________(last)．人们开始纳闷儿，这场灾难还会持续多久。4．Itseemedasiftheworldwas________________________.似乎世界末日来临了。5．________hopewasnotlost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。6．Iaskedaman________(stand)nexttome________________.我问站在我旁边的一个人出了什么事。答案：1.who;asusual

2.wasdestroyed

3.wouldlast

4.atanend

5.All

6.standing;whathappenedⅣ.语法过关定语从句(Ⅰ)1．(2013·湖南改编)Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.答案：who句意：快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。分析句子成分可知，“________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths”是定语从句，修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。2．Nowadaysalmosteveryonepreferstouseasmartmobilephone________functionsaremorepractical.答案：whose考查定语从句。先行词asmartmobilephone与从句中functions构成所属关系，故用关系代词whose。3．“God，pleasedon'tletanythinghappentoday________Ican'thandle.”Thiswasmydailyprayerduringmyfirstyearofteaching.答案：that考查定语从句。句意：上帝，今天请不要发生任何我无法处理的事情，这是我第一年教学时每天要祈祷的。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词为不定代词anything。故用that不用which。4．—Whatdoesthenoticesay?—Allthestorytellersshouldmeetatthesamehall________wonthefirstthreeprizes.答案：who/that根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“________wonthefirstthreeprizes”缺少主语，先行词“Allthestorytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。5．TheGreatWallistheplace________almostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.答案：which/that分析句子结构可知，“________almostalltouristswouldliketovisit”为定语从句，修饰先行词theplace，关系代词在从句中充当visit的宾语，故填which或that。Ⅴ.语篇填空Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverything①________(destroy).Allofthecity'shospitals,75%of②________factoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblow③________away.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenow④________(use)piecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilled⑤________wellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,⑥________(late)thatafternoon,⑦________bigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrapped⑧________theruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard⑨________(get).Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisaster⑩________(last)．答案：①wasdestroyed

②its

③them

④useless

⑤the⑥later

⑦another

⑧under

⑨toget

⑩wouldlast考点探究演练1.burstv.爆裂；突发归纳拓展burstin闯进来；突然插嘴burstinto突然爆发；闯入burstout/forthdoingsth.突然开始做某事burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing放声大笑burstintotears＝burstoutcrying放声大哭burstout冒出aburstoflaughter/anger一阵大笑/大怒[巧学助记]③MyEnglishteacher'shumorwassuchastomakeeverystudent________________________.我的英语老师的幽默就是如此(好笑)，以至于每个同学都哈哈大笑起来。(2)用burst的相关词语完成下列小片段。随着一阵笑声，王熙凤一阵风似地走进了房间。她的一席谄媚的话说得贾母乐不可支。With①________________________laughter,WangXifeng

②________________theroom,whoseflattering(谄媚的)wordsmadeMrs.Jia

③________________________.答案：(1)①suddenlyburst

②burstoutscreaming

③burstintolaughter/burstoutlaughing(2)①aburstof

②burstinto

③burstwithjoy2．injurevt.伤害；使受伤；损害归纳拓展(1)injuresb.伤害某人injuresb.'sleg/arm/eye伤害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛injuresb.'sreputation/figure/feelings,etc.损害某人的名誉/形象/伤害某人的感情等be/getseriously/slightlyinjured受重/轻伤(2)theinjured伤员injuryto对……的伤害辨析injure/wound/hurt/harm词汇含义injure多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤hurt多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛harm指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语doharmto“对……有害”③Hesufferedserious________(injure)tothearmsandshoulders.④The________(injure)weresuccessfullyrescuedfromtheruins.答案：①injuredhishandsandknees

②injured

③injuries④injured3．rescuen.营救，救援；救援行动vt.营救；救援归纳拓展(1)rescue...from...从……中抢救或营救……

(2)rescuework/workers救援工作/救援人员go/cometoone'srescue援救或帮助某人4．judgen.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判决；判断归纳拓展(1)judgesb./sth.by/from以……判断judgingfrom/by从……判断

(常作插入语使用)judgesb./sth.(tobe)good/bad/fair,etc.认定某人(某事)好/坏/公平等asfarassb.canjudge据某人判断(2)judgmentn．判断温馨提示：judgingfrom/by...置于句首作状语。v.­ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generallyspeaking一般来说；franklyspeaking坦白地说；considering...考虑到……。③________________________________________________，

I'mafraidyouarequitewrong.据我判断，你完全错了。答案：①Judgingfrom/byhisaccent②don't/neverjudgeabookbyitscover

③AsfarasIcanjudge5．ruinn.&vt.毁灭，破坏归纳拓展(1)inruins严重破坏；破败不堪fallintoruins成为废墟bringsth./sb.toruin使毁灭；使落空；使某人破产bringruintooneself自取灭亡(2)ruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉6．buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入归纳拓展(1)beburiedin埋头于；专心于beburied/lostinthought沉思(2)buryoneselfinstudy埋头研究；专心学习buryone'sfaceinone'shands双手掩面答案：(1)①wasburied

②buryhisfeelings(2)a.Asheburiedhimselfinb．Ashewasburiedinc．Buriedin7．sheltern．[U]掩蔽；遮蔽；庇护；栖身地vi.躲避vt.提供庇护所归纳拓展takeshelterfrom躲避……undertheshelterof在……的庇护下；受……的保护abusshelter公共汽车亭givesb.shelter庇护某人sheltersb./sth.from...庇护某人/某物免受……1.thinklittleof轻视；不重视归纳拓展(1)thinkhighly/well/muchof...对……评价高/印象好thinknothingof...觉得……不怎么样，没什么了不起thinkbadly/poorly/illof...对……评价低(2)speakhighly/wellof...高度赞扬……speakillof...说……的坏话singhighpraisefor...高度赞扬……2．atanend终了；结束归纳拓展bring...toanend使……终止cometoanend结束putanendto使终止endup(with)以……结束/告终

makebothendsmeet量入为出attheendof在……末端，在……结束时bytheendof到……末为止sincetheendof自从……末以来intheend最后，最终Thereisnoendto...……没有止境/尽头[温馨提示]atanend后不可接of；attheendof中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间名词，也可接地点名词；bytheendof后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与完成时连用：bytheendof＋过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；bytheendof＋将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。3．agreatnumberof许多；大量归纳拓展修饰可数名词的短语：alarge/greatnumberofagood/greatmany修饰不可数名词的短语：alargeamountofagood/greatdealof修饰可数或不可数名词的短语：alotof/lotsofaquantityof/quantitiesofplentyof[温馨提示](1)“alargenumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；(2)“largequantities/amountsof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。(2)单句语法填空。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty________(be)100,butanumberofthem________(be)absentfordifferentreasons.答案：(1)①Alargenumberof

②thenumberofcaraccidents

③arebeingwashedaway

(2)is/was;are/were1.Inthefarmyard,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不想进食。too＋adj./adv.＋(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)太……不能……

归纳拓展以下三种情况下，该结构表达肯定意义：(1)当形容词是表心情的ready,glad,happy,eager,anxious,willing等时。(2)与never,cannot连用时，意为“非常，怎么做也不过分”。(3)在too前有far,much,only,but修饰时，表肯定意义，且带有一定的感情色彩。2．Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界好像到了末日。Itseems/looksasif...似乎/好像……asif引导表语从句。归纳拓展asif引导的从句，若表示与事实相反，从句要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。如果表示客观事实，不用虚拟语气。asiftodo...好像要做……

asifdoing...好像正在做……

3．Allhopewasnotlost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝notall...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。[温馨提示](1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非都”。(2)no，none，noone，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。③________inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittotheGreatWall.我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。(2)句型转换。Allmyfriendsdonotstudywell.→________________________(变为同义句)→________________________(变为完全否定句)答案：(1)①Notallthestudents

②Noteveryboy

③Nothing(2)Notallofmyfriendsstudywell；Noneofmyfriendsstudywell基础知识巩固5．Asisestimated,________________________________________(成千上万的人)losttheirlivesandhomesowingtothestrongearthquake.6．是我的姐姐最后作出决定步行整个中国。(强调句型)________________mysister________________________________________________towalkacrossthewholeChina.7．________________________________________(大量的农民)flowintothebigcities,leavingthefarmlanddesertedinthecountryside.8．只有你现在好好利用时间来学习，将来才能成功。________________________________________________________________tostudyatpresentwillyoubesuccessfulinthefuture.9．无论习主席走到哪里，他都受到热烈地欢迎。________________________________________________，

hewillreceivewarmwelcome.10．在我看来，不管我提出什么建议，他都不重视。Frommypointof________，

whateversuggestionsI________________，

he________________________________.答案：1.congratulationsonhissuccess

2.isproudof

3.Itisreportedthat

4.asif/though;atanend

5.tensofthousandsofpeople

6.Itwas;who/thatmadeuphermindfinally

7.Alargenumberoffarmers

8.Onlybymakinggooduseofyourtime

9.Nomatterwhere(＝Wherever)ChairmanXigoes

10.view;putforward;thoughtlittleofthem6．Two­thirdsofthepeoplediedorwasinjuredduringtheWenchuanearthquake.__________________7．Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,theythoughtlittleoftheseevents,wenttobedasusualthatnight.______________