专题03 中考非谓语动词考点-2023年江苏省中考英语二轮复习基础知识过过过+高分题型练练练

专题03中考非谓语动词考点我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用，充当谓语之外的其它句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。一、非谓语动词共分为三种：1.动词不定式（to+动词原形）可用作名词、形容词或副词。2.现在分词和过去分词（现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成；过去分词有”动词原形+ed”构成）可用作形容词或副词(现在分词:表主动,进行;过去分词:表被动,完成)。3.动名词（动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成”）可用作名词或形容词。二、非谓语动词的作用不定式1、作主语（it做形式主语,注意for/ofsb区别)It’sveryexcitingtohaveaChinesefriend.It’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.Ittakesabout25minutestowalk.It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.2、作宾语(总结后接不定式做宾语的动词:ask,decide,expect,learn,manage,plan,refuse,want)Ihopetohaveamorecomfortablebed.Hedecidestobuyanotherpairoftrainersforhisdaughter.Atlast,thechildrenmanagedtoentertheroom.Iwanttolearnaboutart.在find,think后用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。e.g.:Ifindithardtounderstandthepassage.Ithinkitinterestingtoreadthisbook.Thesechildrenmayfindithardtothinkforthemselves.3、作表语Perhapsoneofthemostpolitewaysistoasksomeone,“WouldyouminddoingthisorWouldyoumindnotdoingthat.”4、作定语BridgeStreetisagoodplacetohavefun.Letmetellyouthewaytomyhouse.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(worryaboutnothing)Haveyougotanythingtosay?(saysomething)5、作宾语补足语Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.此处toturndowntheradio为宾语him的补足语，turndown这个动作由he来做，是逻辑上的主语。这类动词一般可以分为三类：1)实义动词一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语补足语:tell,ask,want,allow,wouldlike,encourage,invite,need,tell,advise等。OurEnglishteacherencouragesustoreadloudlyinthemorning.2)感官动词和使役动词有些感官动词和使役动词如hear,watch,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时常常省去不定式符号to.Isawhimgointotheclassroomjustnow.但将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。Weseealotofboysplaybasketballintheafternoon.→Alotofboysareseentoplaybasketballintheafternoonbyus.Thestrictfathermakesthechildrendohouseworkeveryday.→Thechildrenaremadetodohouseworkbythestrictfathereveryday.3)help动词help比较特殊，后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，既可带to,也可不带to。e.g.:Theboyaskedhisfathertohelphim(to)workouttheproblem.6、作状语通常情况下，动词不定式在句子中充当：1)目的状语：一般置于句末或句首，用来表示做某事的目的，通常todo可以用inorderto进行同义句转换；IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表示目的)=IwenttothelibraryinordertostudyEnglish.=To/InordertostudyEnglish,Iwenttothelibrary.2)结果状语：一般置于句末，用来表示做事的结果，初中常见的句型有：too…to…;enough..to..Shearrivedattheairporttofindthetrainhadleft.Theyoungmanwasnotstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybag.=Theyoungmanwastooweaktocarrytheheavybag.7、与特殊疑问词构成复合宾语decide，findout，forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等动词常接“疑问词+动词不定式”这个结构，用作宾语。疑问词一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，whichIdon’tknowwheretogo.Hecan’tdecidewhattobuy.Wewonderhowtodealwithit.不定式的否定形式Mymotheralwaystellsmenottostayoutlate.too......to.......太...以至于不能...动名词1.动名词作主语(谓语动词用单数形式)Eatingdangshenandhuangqiherbsisalsogoodforthis.Knockingintoplayersandfallingdownwouldbedangerous2.动名词作宾语①enjoy/practice/endup/finish/consider/keep/bebusy/imagine/mind②thanksfor/beusedto/prefer…to…/payattentionto/begoodat/lookforwardto/havedifficulty(in)/havetrouble(in)/haveconfidence(in)Doyoumindopeningthewindow?MyfatherenjoyswatchingTV.注意:有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语，也可以用不定式作直接宾语，两者有着截然不同的意义。（1）like，love，prefer，hate......等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的情感动词，后跟不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或指特定或具体某次行为”；后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种倾向、爱好或习惯性的动作”。2)动词remember，forget，stop，continue,goon，try，can'thelp,regret等既能以动词不定式又能以动名词作宾语，但表达的意思却不同。与动词不定式连用时，表示未完成的动作。remembertodo(记住去做) rememberdoing(记得做过)forgettodo(忘记去做) forgetdoing(忘记做过)trytodo(设法做) trydoing(试着做)goontodo(接着做另一事) goondoing(继续做同一事)stoptodo(停下来去做) stopdoing(停止做)can’thelptodo(不能帮助做) can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)3）动词need,require,beworth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。Myhairneedscutting.现在分词1．现在分词作后置定语(表示动作正在发生，与被修饰词是主谓关系)Lookatthisgroupofpeopleplayingbeachvolleyball!Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.2．现在分词作表语Myhobbyiscollectingoldcoins.3.现在分词作宾补see，hear，watch，noticeIsawtheyplayingfootballontheplaygroundyesterday.过去分词1．过去分词作定语(与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已经完成含有被动意义)DavidSmithofNorthLondonhasapot-belliedpignamedConnie.2．被动语态由be+动词过去分词构成Whenwasitinvented?中考非谓语动词常考考点：1.

it作形式主语、形式宾语的用法2．感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；3．动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用4．一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；5．有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。常考的后跟动词不定式和动名词搭配的结构：动词后面+doingsthfinish/keep/practise/mind/enjoy/spend/suggest/like/love/hate;can'tstop;can’thelp(情不自禁)havedifficulty(trouble/problem)bebusybeworthprefer...to..../lookforwardto/beusedto(习惯于)/payattentionto/devote...to...haveagoodtime/havefun;spendtime...;stop/keep/preventsb.(from)What/Howabout...动词后面+todoagree/learn/hope/wish/plan/decide/choose/wouldlike/seem/invite/fail/promise/afford/seem

have/has(no)time...tryone'sbest;can'twait;thefirst...;havenochoicebut....;adj/adv+enough...It's+adj+(for/ofsb)+....It'stime...;

Thereisnoneed...havesb.dosth.,havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的区别：1.havesb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵们让这个男孩背对着他的父亲站着。2.havesb.doingsth.意为“让某人一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替，现在分词doing这个动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。3.havesth.done意为“让某事被（别人）做”，即asksb.todosth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司机每周让人洗一次车。Myhairistoolong.I’llhaveitcuttomorrow.我的头发太长了。明天我要请人理发了。【例题精讲】1.HewantstohavehisTV________.A.repairing B.repaired C.torepairD.toberepairing2.Theworkershadthemachines_______(run)allnightlongtofinishtheworkontime.3.Peopleinthesouthhavetheirhouses______(make)ofbamboo.【答案】B,running,made【课堂练习】动词填空1.Itismyjob_________(introduce)thefilmstarsfromTaiwanontheshow.2.Itisdifficult_____them____thecharitywalkwithoutteamspirit.A.for;tofinish

B.of;tofinish

C.for;finishing

D.of;finishing3.Theboyisoftenheardinthemusicroom.Hesingsverywell.A.practicesinging B.topracticesingingC.practicedsinging D.practicingsinging4.Tomoftenmakeshisbrother__butyesterdayhewasmade____byhisbrother.A.cry;tocry B.tocry;cry C.cry;cry D.tocry;tocry5.Thethiefwasnoticed_____theofficebuildingbythebackdooronthescreen.A.enter B.enterinto C.toenter D.toenterinto6.Weshouldthinkaboutwhatwecando_________(keep)animalsandplantsfrombecomingendangered.7.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_________me.A.help B.helping C.tohelp D.helps8.Whenyoutravelabroad,youcanhardlyavoid_______productsmadeinChina.A.tobuyB.buyC.buyingD.bebought9.-Wearenowbusy________(prepare)fortheSeniorHighSchoolEntranceExamination.-Isee,justtakeiteasy.10.___________(repair)myTVsetcostme100yuan.11.WhenIwalkedpastthepark,Isawsomeoldpeople________ChineseTaiji.A.do B.did C.doingD.aredoing12.Ifoundaletter______onthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.A.lying B.lay C.lie D.lies13.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfinedifheisfound_______.(smoke)14.Justthenheheardsomeone______(call)forhelp.【答案】tointroduce;A;B;A;C;tokeep;C；C；preparing；Repairing；C；A；smoking；calling单项选择

1.---Wouldyoulike____orshallwegobybus?---Iprefer___,butwehavetotakeataxi,fortimeisshort.A.walking;towalkB.towalk;walkingC.towalk;towalk D.walk;walk2.Eachofusislookingforward___agoodresult.Let'sdoitmorecarefully.A.toget B.forgetting C.togetting D.getting3.Tonyusedtotoschool,butheisusedtotoschoolnow.A.walk;takingabus B.walked;takeabus C.walk;takeabus D.walking;totakeabus4.---Dad,whymustIstop______computergames?---Foryourhealth,myboy.A.play B.toplay C.toplaying D.playing5.---IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?---Ihaven’tdecidedwhere________.A.go B.went C.going D.togo6.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______gettothenearestpostoffice?---Sorry,Iamnewhere.A.howcanI B.howIcould C.howto D.whatIcan7.Ihaven’tdecidedwhen________aholidayyet.A.took B.taking C.totake D.take8.Theoldladydidn'tknow_________whenthehousecaughtfire.A.howtodo

B.howtodoit

C.whattodo

D.whattodoit9.Mytoothhurts.Ihavenochoicebut______________outtomorrow.A.tohavemybadtoothpull B.havemybadtoothpulledC.havemybadtoothpull D.tohavemybadtoothpulled10.Oneofthebiggestaimsinlife__________newchallenges.You’dbettergetready.A.istotakenon B.aretotakeoffC.istakeon D.aretakeoff11.Heused______________ontheleftintheUK,butnowheisused____________ontheright.A.todrive;todrive B.todrive;driving C.todriving;todrive D.todrive;todriving12.---WherewasBettyhalfanhourago?---She_____________tennisontheplayground.A.sawtoplay B.wasseenplayingC.wasseentoplay D.sawplaying13.Thecomputerrequires__________.IthinkIneed___________toaskMr.Zhangforhelp.A.fixing;going B.tofix;goingC.fixing;togo D.tofix;togo14.Doyouthinkitwouldbegreattohaverobots_____________examsforus?A.taken B.taking C.totake D.take15.NowmanypeopleinWuxiprefer_________theiroldhouse_________anew