专题07防汛抗旱 -备战2022年中考英语阅读理解热点话题模拟练

07防汛抗旱Passage1Anewcapsule(航天仓)hotelopensnearTokyoNaritaAirport.Itisforthetravelerswithanearlymorningflight(航班).Eachcapsuleisverysmallbutmuchcheaperthantherealhotelroom.Californiameetstheworstdrought(干早)inalmost40years.Toletpeoplesavewater,Californiadecidestofineanyone$500adayiftheyarefoundwastingwater.TheChineseartist,YangYong-chun,showstheworld'sbiggestartworkinNanjing,China.Itisthelongest3Dstreetpainting,andYangnamesit"RhythmofYouth".AnewAppnamedSpring,helpsmakepeopleinthepicturelooktaller.Itcangiveanyonesupermodellegswithasimpletouchofabutton.1．Wecanreadthefourshortpassagesin________.A．astorybook B．anewspaper C．aguidebook D．aletter2．Californiawillfineanyone$500adayiftheydon't________.A．usewater B．wastewater C．savewater D．findwater3．Fromthepassages,weknowthat________.A．thenewcapsulehotelnearTokyoNaritaAirportisthefirstcapsulehotelintheworldB．CaliforniaoftenmeetsdroughtsinsummerC．"RhythmofYouth"isthelongest3DstreetpaintingD．thenewAppwhichcanmakeyoulooktalleriscalled"supermodel"Passage2Inancienttimes,thephoenix(凤凰）wasasmallbird.Itsfeathers(羽毛）wereverycommonbutitwasveryhard-working,unlikeotherbirdsflyingaroundforfunwhentheywerefull.Itkeptworking,pickingfruitsandstoringtheminacave(洞穴）.Otherbirdslookeddownonwhatthephoenixdidbecausetheybelievedtherewasenoughfoodintheforest.Theythoughtitstupidtomakeeffortstocollectfoodeveryday.Thephoenixdidn'tcarewhatothersthought.Itwentonworkingharddayandnight.Oneyear,aseriousdrought(旱灾）happened.Allthegrassandwoodsdriedupanddied.Therewerenofruitsleftonthetrees.Birdsflewaroundforfoodbutcouldfindnothing.Asthebirdsweredyingofhunger,thephoenixhurriedthereandledthemtothecave.Itsharedthedryfruitswithalltheotherbirds,helpingthemgothroughthedrought.Allofthemwerehappyandmoved.Afterthedrought,tothankthephoenix,alltheotherbirdspulledtheirmostbeautifulfeathersandmadeshiningclothesforit.Theyallmadeitthekingofthebirds.Fromthenon,thephoenixhadthemostbeautifulfeathersintheworld,andthebirdsflewtogethertocelebrateitsbirthday.Theyflewaroundthephoenix,singinganddancing,makingthebestwishesforit.ThisisthestoryofAHundredBirdsPayingHomage(致敬）tothePhoenix.4．Thephoenixwas_______whileotherbirdswereflyingaroundforfun.A．havingaparty B．storingfeathers C．pickingfruits D．makingclothes5．Otherbirdsdidn't_______thephoenixatfirst.A．understand B．know C．notice D．doubt6．Whenthedroughthappened,thephoenix__________.A．flewaroundforfood B．wasdyingofhungerC．washappyandmoved D．sharedfoodwithothers7．Onthephoenix'sbirthday,thebirds_________whilemakingthebestwishesforit.A．broughtpresents B．atedeliciousfoodC．sanganddanced D．madeshiningclothes8．Thestorytellsuspeoplewillpayhomagetothepersonwhois___________.A．smart,patientandbeautiful B．common,healthyandstrongC．wise,kindandhard-working D．polite,happyandsuccessfulPassage3OnedayPengXianzhelearnedhewouldgototheMashanSchoolinGuizhou.The16-year-oldboytriedtoimaginehowseriousthedroughtwasforthestudentsatthatschool.However,herealizeditwasmoreseriousthanhehadimaginedwhenhesawthesign＂DON’Twashclotheswithwater,oryouwillbepunished（惩罚）.＂Becauseofdrought,theschoolhasbeenshortofwaterforalongtime.Eachstudenthasonlyonebottleofwatereverydayforwashinganddrinking.Thedroughthasmadethepoorstudentsmuchpoorer.PengisastudentfromBeijingChaoyangForeignLanguageSchool.Hetookpartintheschool’sRain&BowProjectfromApril2to10.TheprojectideacamefromPeng’sprincipal（负责人）.Oneday,sheheardasadstoryaboutLiGuoxian,apoorgirlintheMashanSchool,whostoppedgoingtoschoolbecauseofdrought.Theprincipalstartedthisprojecttohelptheschool.Inoneday,3,000studentsmadeover10,000donationsofwater,booksandclothes.PengandotherfourstudentswenttotheMashanSchoolandgavethedonationswithfiveteachers.Theyvisitedpoorfamilies,madesurveysandhadclassesattheschool.DingZhentao,16,wasworriedabouttheschool’spoorlearningenvironment.＂Theblackboardsandplaygroundaretooshabbytouse,＂Dingsaid.＂Besides,therereallyaren’tenoughteachers.AteacherhastoteachbothhistoryandEnglish,andeventhecookisaclassteacher.＂Althoughlifeisn’teasy,studentsattheschoolhaveapositiveattitude(积极的态度）towardslifeandtheyarequitewillingtolearn.That’swhatmoved16-year-oldChenShimost.＂Theysangtheirsongstogetherasusualbeforeclasseveryafternoon.Afterclass,thestudentsaskedustotellthemthingsaboutBeijingandourstudies,＂Chensaid.＂Youcanseethepassion（热情）inthem.Ibelieveitwillmakeadifference.Theirfutureswillbebright.＂9．WhichschooldoesPengXianzhestudy?A．MashanSchool. B．BeijingChaoyangForeignLanguageSchool.C．ProjectSchool. D．TrainingSchool.10．Theunderlinedword＂shabby＂meansinChinese.A．黑乎乎的 B．光滑的 C．破旧不堪的 D．不平整11．Whostartedtheschool’sRain&BowProject?A．Theprincipaloftheforeignlanguageschool.B．PengXianzhe,a16-year-oldboy.C．ChenShi,astudentfromBeijing.D．LiGuoxian,apoorgirlinGuizhou.12．HowmanypeoplewenttotheMashanSchoolandgavethedonations?A．Four. B．Five. C．Nine. D．Ten.13．Thepassagemainlytellsusabout.A．thepoorlearningenvironmentoftheMashanSchoolB．thethingsthatBeijingstudentsdid,sawandheardattheMashanSchoolC．theMashanSchoolstudents’positiveattitudetowardsthedroughtD．astoryofapoorgirlwhostoppedgoingtoschoolbecauseofdroughtPassage4MarkTwainoncesaid,“everyonetalksabouttheweather,butnooneeverdoesanythingaboutit.”Thiswastrueinhisdays.Butitmaynotbethecaseintoday’sworld.Infact,humanshavefoundmanydifferentwaystocontroltheweather.Cloudseeding(云催化)isakindoftechnologythatcancontrolrain.Itisdonebyspreadingchemicalslikedryiceorsilveriodide(碘化银)insideofclouds,eitherbyrocketorairplane.Thischangestheamountofwaterinsidetheclouds,whichhelpstocontroltheamountofrain,thetimewhenitrainsandevenwhereitrains.Thistechnologyhashelpedtosolvedrought.Ithasalsoplayedakeyroleduringimportantevents.Forexample,ChinausedcloudseedinginBeijingjustbeforethe2008OlympicGamesinordertostoprainfromfallingduringtheevent.However,scientistsarestilldebatinghowtousethistechnology.Ononehand,itisbelievedthatitmighthavesideeffects.Forexample,silveriodidemaybebadfortheenvironment.Ontheotherhand,notwocloudsarethesame,soeverynewexperimentintroducesnewconditions.Usinglasers(激光)tochangetheweatherhasbeentestedinalab,andithasbeenfairlysuccessfulonasmallscale.Scientistsarestilltryingtofigureouthowtouseitintherealworld,anditcouldbeanewwaytostopclimatechange.Inadditiontocontrollingrain,scientistshavealsotriedtofindwaystoweakenstormsandhurricanes(飓风).ScientistsattheUSNationalHurricaneCentreHeadquartersthinkitmightbepossibletocontrolhurricanesbyusinglasers.Othersbelievethatburningpetroleum(石油)inahurricane’spathcouldslowthestormsdown.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑。14．Cloudseedingworksbyspreadinginsideofclouds.A．storms B．drought C．chemicals D．water15．FromParagraph2,welearnthatcloudseeding.

①helpsproducerain

②usesrocketsorairplanestowork③releaseschemicalsintotheair④cancontrolitssideeffectswellA．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④16．Theunderlinedphrase“sideeffects”means“”inChinese.A．副作用 B．好作用 C．没作用 D．少作用17．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？A．Humanstodaycanchangetheweather.B．Newtechnologycanhelptosolvedrought.C．ChinahasonceusedcloudseedinginBeijing.D．Scientistsareabletocontrolhurricanesbyusinglasers.18．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．MarkTwainlikedtotalkabouttheweather.B．Allscientistshavewelcomedcloudseedingtechnology.C．Cloudseedingmaynotbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Cloudseedingcanbeusedtocontrolstorms.Passage5Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼虫).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdroughtintheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(虾)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouth-westoftheUnitedStatewhereshadetemperaturesofover50℃areoftenrecorded.TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch.Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimeterlongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetertoalengthofabout1.5centimeters.Throughoutthetimewhentheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythe12thday,however,whentheyareabout3centimeterslong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthe13thdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake;inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryear,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.19．WhichofthefollowingisthemostdistinctivefeatureofMojaveshrimps?A．Theyliveabriefandtoughlife.B．Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.C．Theireggscansurviveyearsofdrought.D．Theylaytheireggsinthemud.20．Theword“dormant”(inPara4)mostprobablymeans________.A．inactive B．strong C．alert D．soft21．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Appearanceandsizeareimportantfactorsforlifetosurviveinthedesert.B．Aspeciesmustbeabletomultiplyquicklyinordertosurviveinthedesert.C．Forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdrought.D．Somespeciesdevelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinsevereconditions.22．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?A．TheeggsofMojaveshrimpsareassmallasthegrainsofseeds.B．Thewholecycleofgrowthoftheshrimpsisaraceagainsttime.C．Itisdifficulttobelievethattheseshrimpscansurvivedroughtsinthedesert.D．Theamountoftrainhasastrongimpactonthenumberoftheshrimps.23．Thepassagemainlydealswith________.A．thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimpsB．thesurvivalofdesertshrimpsC．thecreatureslivingintheMojavedesertD．theimportanceofwatertolifeinthedesertPassage6Vinegarmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevenuseittocleanyourwindows.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplantssurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanfoundthatgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate—themaincomponentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplants,beforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspecies,rapeseed,”Jong-MyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimalsotoldthemagazinehe’salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutfromcompaniesgrowingflowerstoamateurgardeners.Althoughatthispoint,keepingthirstyplantsaliveisn’taseasyasjustpouringvinegaroverthem,Kimsaysheandhisteamareworkingonmakingtheprocessassimpleaspossible.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewithsomefarmers,andalsosomecompanies,tomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,”hesaid.Andforthoseofuswhoalwaysforgettoaskourneighborstowaterourplantswhenwegoaway,hopefullythismeanstheendofreturninghomefromatriptofindourfavoriteflowershavedied.24．Theresearchersfoundthat________.A．climatechangewouldaffecttheworld’ssupplyoffoodB．vinegarmadefoodlikesaladanddumplingstastebetterC．theArabidopsishadtheabilitytosurviveinthevinegarD．vinegarcouldhelptheplantslivelongerindryconditions25．“Thissimplemethodofsurvival”refersto________.A．stoppinggivingwatertoplants B．addingacetatetothesoilofplantsC．leavingplantsbeingdryfor14days D．doingexperimentsonthestaplefoods26．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowaboutKimandhisteam'sexperiment?A．Itwon’tcosttoomuch. B．Itwillaskmorepeopletojoinin.C．Itwon’tbedifficulttobefinished. D．Itwillhelppeoplehavehappiertrips.27．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Kim’sExperiment B．UseVinegarNow C．TheUsefulAcetate D．SavetheDryPlantsPassage7TheWorldWildlifeFundforNature-WWF-reportsthatnearly3billionanimalswerekilledorlosttheirhomesbecauseofAustralia’swildfiresin2019and2020.Thenumber,reportedinlateJuly,wasaboutthreetimeshigherthananearlierWWFestimate(估计).Ateamof10scientistsstudiedmorethan11millionhectaresofAustralia’scountrysidetogetthelatestestimate.“Itranks(排名)asoneoftheworstwildlifedisastersinmodernhistory,”saidWWF-AustraliaChiefExecutiveOfficerDermotO’Gorman.TheWWFsaidituseddifferentmethodstoestimatewildlifepopulations,includinginformationfromover100,000studies.Thescientistscreatedmodelstoestimatethenumberofcreaturesfoundinareasdestroyedbyfire.ProjectleaderLilyVanEedenfromtheUniversityofSydneysaidtheresearchwasthefirstcontinent-wideexaminationofanimalsaffectedbywildfires.“Wedon’tevenknowwhatwearelosing,”saidChrisDickman,aprofessorofecology(生态学)attheUniversityofSydney.HespoketoReutersnewsagency.“Thesewerespeciesthatwerehereandnowtheyhavegone.It’salmosttoosadtothinkabout.”ThewildfiresstartedinSeptember2019andcontinuedthroughMarchofthisyear.Scientistssaythefireswerecausedbyhigherthannormaltemperaturesandyearsofdrought(干旱)intheAustralianbush.Thefirescaused34humandeathsanddestroyednearly3,000homes.TheWWFsaidthatoverthepastyear,ithadraisedmoneytothefrontlinesofthefirestohelpinjuredandhomelesswildlife.28．HowmanyanimalswerekilledorhomelessbecauseofAustralia’swildfiresin2019and2020?A．Nearly3billion. B．Around5billion.C．Morethan3billion. D．Lessthan1billion.29．Howdidtheresearchersgetthelatestestimateofwildlifepopulationafterthewildfire?A．Theyraisedmoneytostudytheanimals.B．Theystudiedtheanimalsaroundthecountry.C．Theystudiedover100,000animalsandgottheinformation.D．Theyestimatedthenumberofcreaturesfoundinareasdestroyedbyfire.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedworddisastersmean?A．Agreatprojectthatcostlotsofmoney. B．Anunexpectedeventcausesgreatlost.C．Animportantpersonwhoisveryfamous. D．Aninterestingactivitythatmanypeopletakepartin.31．Accordingtothepassage,whichisTUREaboutthewildfire?A．Thefireonlykilledanimals. B．TherewerewildfiresalloverAustralia.C．Thewildfireslastedmorethanhalfayear. D．SomebodyintheAustraliacausedthewildfire.32．Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthetext?A．Humansshouldn’toverestimatethebushfire.B．Weshouldraisemoneyforwildlifeprotection.C．Humansshouldn’ttakeupwherewildlifelive.D．Weshoulddevelopthemethodstopreventwildfires.Passage8“TheUKcouldfaceseriouswatershortages(短缺)inthenext20to25years,”JamesBevan,headoftheEnvironmentAgency,saidinMarch2019.Britonshavebeenworriedabouttheprobleminthepastfewmonths.Tworeasonsliebehindthefuturewatershortages.Thefirstoneispopulationgrowth.ItispredictedthatthepopulationoftheUKwillhaveincreasedto75millionby2050.Thiswillcertainlycausestressonresourcessuchaswaterandenergy.Onaverage,apersonuses150liters(升)ofwateraday.Muchofthisiswaterwastage.Itiscommontoseepeopleleavethetap(水龙头)runningwhilebrushingtheirteeth.Theotherreasonisclimatechange.TheUKmightgethotteranddrierinthenearfuture.Thiscouldreducewatersupplies(供应)by10to15percentandthencausedrought(干旱)acrossthecountry.Charitiessaidthatwecouldallreduceourdailywaterusageto100literseveryday.Suggestionsincludetakingshortershowersandchoosingawell-usedflushtoilet(抽水马桶).However,whatapersoncandoislimited.PerhapsmanyBritonshaveforgottenthedayswhenwaterwasscarce.“Irememberthe1976drought,”saysAdrianButler,aseniorteacheratImperialCollegeLondon.“Manypeople,thankfully,havenoideaofhavingtogetyourwaterfromastandpipe(竖管)inthestreet.Butonceyou’vebeenthroughthat,youwillrealizewaterisreallyvaluable.Itissomethingthatwehaveacollective(集体的)responsibilityfor.”Wecanalltakecaretoavoidwastingwater.33．WhenwilltheUKprobablyfaceseriouswatershortages?A．Inabout25years. B．Bytheyear2030. C．In100years. D．In2020.34．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Howthegrowthofpopulationwillaffectwatersupplies.B．HowclimatechangewillcausedroughtallovertheUK.C．WhyitisdifficultforBritonstosavewatereveryday.D．WhytheUKwillnothaveenoughwaterin25years.35．Theunderlinedword“scarce”probablymeans“________”inthelastparagraph.A．dirty B．clean C．valuable D．expensive36．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisRIGHTaboutsavingwater?A．Weneedn’ttakealongshower. B．Wecan’tbrushourteetheveryday.C．It’sboringtointroducestandpipesystems. D．It’sawasteofmoneytochooseflushtoilets.37．Wecaninfer________fromthepassage.A．BritonsarenotsatisfiedwiththestandpipesintheUKB．AdrianButlerclearlyremembersthe1976droughtintheUKC．JamesBevanisconfidentaboutsolvingthewatershortagesintheUKD．theBritishgovernmenthasn’tactedtodealwithwatershortagesintheUK【答案】1．B2．C3．C【分析】文章是四则新闻报道：东京成田机场附近新开了一家胶囊旅馆；加州遭遇干旱，对浪费水的人处以每天500美元的罚款；杨永春在中国南京展出了世界上最长的3D街画；应用程序Spring可以让照片中的人看起来更高。1．推理判断题。文中是四则国内外的新闻报道，可能在报纸上读到。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Toletpeoplesavewater,Californiadecidestofineanyone$500adayiftheyarefoundwastingwater.”可知浪费水（即不节约用水）的人会被处以每天500美元的罚款。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“Itisthelongest3Dstreetpainting,andYangnamesit‘RhythmofYouth’.”可知“青春的律动”是最长的3D街画。故选C。4．C5．A6．D7．C8．C【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述的是百鸟朝凤的故事。4．细节理解题。根据“Itkeptworking,pickingfruitsandstoringtheminacave.”可知，当其他的鸟儿在周围飞来飞去时，凤凰在采摘果子，故选C。5．推理判断题。根据“Otherbirdslookeddownonwhatthephoenixdid…Theythoughtitstupidtomakeeffortstocollectfoodeveryday.”可推断出，起初其他鸟儿并不理解凤凰的做法。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据“Itsharedthedryfruitswithalltheotherbirds,helpingthemgothroughthedrought.”可知，当干旱发生时，凤凰将自己收集的水果分享给其他鸟，故选D。7．细节理解题。根据“Theyflewaroundthephoenix,singinganddancing,makingthebestwishesforit.”可知，在凤凰生日那天，其他鸟围着凤凰唱歌跳舞，送上祝福，故选C。8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，风凰之所以得到百鸟的尊重是因为它有远见、勤劳，还能在其他动物有难时伸出援助之手，很善良。因此这个故事告诉我们，人们会尊敬那些聪明、善良、勤劳的人，故选C。9．B10．C11．A12．D13．B【分析】本文主要是介绍北京朝阳外国语学校的学生在马山中学的所做、所看、所听。9．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句PengisastudentfromBeijingChaoyangForeignLanguageSchool.可知彭是朝阳北京外国语学校的一名学生。所以该选B。10．词义猜测题。根据原文Theblackboardsandplaygroundaretooshabbytouse以及前句theschool’spoorlearningenvironment可推知“shabby”的意思只可能是“破旧不堪的”，所以该选C。11．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句TheprojectideacamefromPeng’sprincipal可知这个项目的发起人是彭所在学校的负责人，所以该选A。12．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句PengandotherfourstudentswenttotheMashanSchoolandgavethedonationswithfiveteachers.可知共去了五位学生和五位老师，所以该选D。13．细节理解题。细读短文可知本文主要是介绍北京的学生在马山中学的所做、所看、所听，所以该选B。14．C15．B16．A17．D18．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章描述了当今世界，人类发现了许多控制天气的方法，其中主要介绍了云催化和使用激光的两种方法。14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itisdonebyspreadingchemicalslikedryiceorsilveriodide(碘化银)insideofclouds...”可知，云催化是往云朵中撒干冰或者碘化银等化学制品。故选C。15．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itisdonebyspreadingchemicalslikedryiceorsilveriodide(碘化银)insideofclouds,eitherbyrocketorairplane.”，可知，云催化主要用火箭或飞机来释放空气/云层中的化学物质，选项②③符合语境。故选B。16．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Forexample,silveriodidemaybebadfortheenvironment.”可知，碘化银可能对环境有害，所以推断出sideeffect表示“副作用”。故选A。17．细节理解。根据最后一段的“...itmightbepossibletocontrolhurricanesbyusinglasers.”可知，激光有可能可以控制飓风，而非一定能，与D选项有出入，故选D。18．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Ononehand,itisbelievedthatitmighthavesideeffects.Forexample,silveriodidemaybebadfortheenvironment.”可知，云催化可能对环境不友好。故选C。19．C20．A21．D22．A23．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了干旱的沙漠里的一些动植物的生存方式，尤其讲述了莫哈维沙漠虾的生存繁衍方式。19．细节理解题。根据“Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdroughtintheform...recorded.”可知，莫哈维沙漠虾能够以非活性卵的形式在多年的干旱中生存下来。故选C。20．词义猜测题。根据“Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.”可知，雨水足够多的情况下，卵就会孵化，小虾再一次快速地经历它们的生长、成年、产卵和死亡周期；反之，如果雨水不足够的话，这些卵就会进入休眠期，也就是说这些卵变得不活跃。故选A。21．推理判断题。根据“Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.”和“Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.”可知，一些物种发展出一种独特的生活方式来在恶劣的环境中生存。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据“Thee