广东省河源市2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次质量检测英语试题（含答案）

2024~2025学年第一学期第一次质量检测高二英语考生注意：1.满分120分，考试时间120分钟。2.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。3.本卷命题范围：人教版选择性必修第一册Unit1—Unit2。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADonnaStricklandwasawardedthe2018NobelPrizeinPhysicsjointlywithArthurAshkinandGérardMourou.It’sthefirsttimein55yearsthatawomanhaswonthisfamousprize,butwhyhasittakensolong?Welookatfiveotherpioneeringfemalephysicists—pastandpresent—whoactuallydeservetheprize.JocelynBellBurnellPerhapsthemostfamoussnub(冷落):thestudentBelldiscoveredthefirstradiopulsarsin1967,whenshewasaPhDstudentatCambridge.TheNobelPrizethatrecognisedthislandmarkdiscoveryin1974,however,wenttohermalesupervisor,AntonyHewish.Recentlyawardeda£2.3millionBreakthroughPrize,whichshegaveawaytohelpunder-representedstudents,shejokedtoTheGuardian,“IfeelI’vedoneverywelloutofnotgettingaNobelPrize.”LeneHauHauisbest-knownforleadingtheresearchteamatHarvardUniversityin1999thatmanagedtoslowabeamoflight,beforemanagingtostopitcompletelyin2001.OftentoppingNobelPrizepredictionlists,could2019beHau’syear.VeraRubinRubindiscovereddarkmatterinthe1980s,openingupanewfieldofastronomy.Shediedin2016,withoutrecognitionfromthecommittee.Chien-ShiungWuWu’s“Wuexperiment”helpeddisprovethe“lawofconservationofparity”.Herexperimentalworkwashelpfulbutneverhonoured,andinstead,hermalecolleagueswonthe1957NobelPrizefortheirtheoreticalworkbehindthestudy.LiseMeitnerMeitnerledgroundbreakingworkonthediscoveryofnuclearfission.However,thediscoverywasacknowledgedbythe1944NobelPrizeinChemistry,whichwaswonbyhermaleco-lead,OttoHahn.1.WhenwasthediscoveryofradiopulsarsrecognisedbytheNobel?A.In1944． B.In1967． C.In1974． D.In1980．2.WhichwomanismostlikelytowinaNobelPrizelateraccordingtothetext?A.DonnaStrickland. B.JocelynBellBurnell.C.LeneHau. D.VeraRubin.3Whatdoweknowaboutthefivefemales?A.Thefivefemalescientistsdidgreatlyinchemistry.B.VeraRubinhadopenedupanewfieldingeometry.C.LiseMeitner’steacherwonaNobelPrizeforherwork.D.Thefivefemalescientistshaven’tbeenawardedNobelPrize.BZachConti,whoisastudentinEasternMichiganUniversityandjoinedthefootballteamasawalk-on(临时队员)in2020,hasworkedatseveralpart-timejobstopayforhiseducation.Nowhewon’thavetoanymore.“FootballissomethingIreallylove,soeversinceIgottoschool,I’vehadtodowhateverittakestostayhereandstayinagoodpositionwithmystudiesandfootball,”Contisaid.“Ihavetodomanyjobs,butwhenyoureallywantsomething,youwon’tfeelbored.”WhileConti’steammateswouldseehimgoingtoorcomingbacktowork,theywereverysupportive.ButContistillhadtroublepayingforhiseducationandhismother’smedicalbills.Hewasplanningonleavingtheuniversity.BrianDooley,whowouldgetascholarship,couldn’tseethathappenanddecidedtohelphisteammate.HetoldheadcoachChrisCreightonaboutthething.Creightonwenttoseeifanadditionalscholarshipcouldbegivenout.Theschoolallowedtheteamtogiveoutfivescholarshipsandanotheronewasnotallowed.ThenDooleywenttothecoachwithaspecialrequest.“BrianDooleycomesintomyoffice,”CreightonsaidduringateammeetingonAugust3.“Andhesays,‘Coach,Contishouldgetascholarship.AndI’vetalkedthisoverwithmyfamily.Andifthere’sawaytomakethishappen,IamwillingtogiveupmyscholarshipasagifttoConti.’”That’swhenDooleywalkedovertoContiandhandedhimanenvelopewiththescholarshipinside.Dooleyexplainedthereasonforhelpinghisteammate“IdiditbecauseI’veseenContigrowoverthelongtime.Itwouldbeagreatpityifhewalkedawayfromsomethingthatheloves.Heworkssohard.Inmyeyes,heshouldgetit100percent.”4.HowwasConti’slifeintheuniversity?A.Boring. B.Carefree. C.Challenging. D.Valueless.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph4referto?A.Apoormother’sfallingsick. B.Conti’sdoingpart-timejobs.C.Theteam’slaughingatConti. D.Conti’sdroppingoutofschool.6.HowdidDooleyhelpConti?A.HeadvisedhisschooltocollectmoneyforConti.B.HerequestedhiscoachtogivehisscholarshiptoConti.C.HemanagedtoapplyforanotherscholarshipforConti.D.HeaskedhisfamilytopayforConti’sschooleducation.7.WhatdoDooley’swordsinthelastparagraphshow?A.Contineedstoworkharder. B.HeenjoysworkingwithConti.C.HeplaysfootballbetterthanConti. D.Contiisworthyofthescholarship.CThelanguageCentersfirstTriviaNighttestedstudents'knowledgeondifferentlanguagesandtheirhistorieslastFridayatDouglasscommons."Wehavedecidedtoconductthiseventwhentheweatherisbadsothatstudentswhohavenowheretogoandstayoncampuscancomeandfindacomfortableshelterduringacoldwinterday,"LanguageCenterDirector,TeresaValdezsaid.AccordingtoValdez,theideaforTrivianightcameayearagofromajuniorandteam-membercalledElizabethdeLosReyes.Theeventengagedstudents'interestinlanguagesandshowedthehigh-qualityservicesthattheLanguageCenterprovides.Participantscompetedinsmallgroupsthateachrepresentedadifferentlanguageandcountry.Therewerefiveteamsintotal:Russia,China,Japan,SpainandFrance.Thecompetitionconsistedoffourroundswitheachroundconsistingofthreequestionsrelatingtothefollowingtopicsliterature,language,geography,cultureandhistory.Afterafewwarm-upquestionsabouthowpeoplegreeteachotherindifferentlanguages,whatcontinentTurkeyisfoundin,andwhoisthefirstmantoflytothemoon,thequestionsbecameincreasinglydifficult.Eachroundofferedanincreasingamountofpointsateamcouldreceive.Thefinalquestionwasworth20points.Ifateamdidnotansweritcorrectly,thepointsweretakenfromthetotal.Inthemeantime,studentsenjoyedpizza,snacks,anddrinkswhilesharingtheirlinguistic(语言的)interest.Mostoftheparticipantsknewtwoorthreelanguages.Othersknewmore,suchasfirst-yearBartekJezierskifromPoland,whocanspeakEnglish,Polish,German,Spanish,andRussian.ThewinnersfromfirsttothirdplacewereFrance,JapanandRussiarespectively.Allfiveteamsweregivensomeprizes—ablueshoppingbag,acupandstuffedtoys.However,studentsbelievedthemostimportantprizeoftheeveningwastheprocessofthecompetition—howstudentsfromdiversebackgroundsandcultureswereabletoparticipateinafriendlycompetition,andsharedtheirmutual(相互的)loveoflanguages.8.WhatisoneofthepurposesofTriviaNight？A.Toattractstudentstolearnlanguages.B.Tohelpthestudentssufferingfromcoldness.C.Tocollectopinionsfromthestudentsonitsservices.D.ToselectthebeststudentsfortheLanguagecenter.9.Howmanyquestionswerethereinthecompetitionintotal？A.3 B.4. C.12. D.20.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheatmosphereofthecompetition？A.Quiet. B.Relaxing. C.romantic. D.Depressing.11.Whatdidstudentsvaluemostinthecompetition？A.Somesnacksanddrinks.B.Variousprizesforwinners.C.Thecourseofthecompetition.D.Theservicesprovidedbythelanguagecenter.DAdvancesingenerativeartificialintelligence(AI)haveenabledauthentic-soundingspeechsynthesis(语音合成)tothepointthatapersoncannolongerdistinguishwhethertheyaretalkingtoanotherhumanoradeepfake(深度伪造).Ifaperson’sownvoiceis“cloned”byathirdpartywithouttheiragreement,badguyscanuseittosendanymessagetheywant.ComputerscientistandengineerNingZhanghasdevelopedanewmethodtopreventunauthorizedspeechsynthesisbeforeittakesplace:atoolcalledAntiFake.Traditionaldeepfakedetectionmethodsonlyworkafterthedamageisdone.However,AntiFakepreventsvoicedatafrombeingsynthesizedintoanaudiodeepfakebeforehand.Thistoolturnsthetablesoncybercriminals(网络罪犯)byusingsimilarvoicecloningtechniquestheyemploy,butforvoiceprotection.Thesoftwarecomplicatesvoicedataextractionandfeatureidentificationcrucialforvoicesynthesis.“We’reusinganoppositeAItechniqueoriginallyusedbycybercriminals,butnowwe’reusingitagainstthem,”Zhangexplained.“Weslightlychangetherecordedaudio,justenoughtomakeitunusableforvoiceclonetrainingwhilestillsoundingnaturaltohumans.”BenZhao,aprofessorofcomputerscienceatUniversityofChicago,saysthatthesoftware,likealldigitalsecuritysystems,willneverprovidecompleteprotection.But,headdsthatitcanraisethebarandlimittheattacktoasmallergroupofindividualswithsignificantresources.AntiFakecanalreadyprotectshortervoicerecordingsagainstcloning.Thecreatorsofthetoolbelievethatitcouldbeextendedtoprotectlargeraudiodocumentsormusicfrommisuse.Butthemethodsandtoolsthataredevelopedmustbecontinuouslyadaptedbecausecybercriminalswilllearnandgrowwiththem.12.WhatistheprimarypurposeofAntiFake?A.Toimprovethequalityofsyntheticspeech. B.Toclonevoiceswithouttheowner’sapproval.C.Todetectdeepfakesaftertheyhavebeencreated. D.Tostopunapprovedspeechgenerationfromhappening.13.HowdoesAntiFakedifferfromthesetraditionalmethods?A.Itpreventsaudiodeepfakesinadvance. B.Itcannotdetectdeepfakesuntilcreated.C.Itonlyworksonshortvoicerecordings. D.Itreliesonhumanlistenerstoidentifydeepfakes.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Developersshouldfocusonshortvoicerecordings.B.Thebattleagainstdeepfakesrequiresongoingefforts.C.AntiFakeisineffectiveagainstadvancedcloningtechniques.D.AntiFakeprovidespermanentsolutionstothedeepfakethreat.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFutureofVoiceTechnology. B.AMethodforDetectingAIDeepfakes.C.TheChallengeofTellingHumanVoices. D.ATooltoKeepAIfromStealingYourVoice.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SignsofHealthyFriendshipsOnceinawhileit’shelpfultoseeifyourfriendshipisashealthyasitcanbe.Youmightgetusedtoafriendshipovertimetothepointwhereyoudon’tseetheroomforimprovement.Andsincegreatfriendshipsarepriceless,youshouldalwayssurroundyourselfwiththekindofpeoplewhowillliftyourspirits,makeyoulaugh,andremind(提醒)youthatyouareloved.____16____Herearecharacteristics(特征)thatstrongfriendshipsshare.____17____Friendsmakeyoufeelcomfortablewithyourself,soyoudon’tneedtoactlikesomeoneyou’renot.Yourfriendsknowyourshortcomingsandloveyouanyway.Youareperhapsthe“bestversion”ofyourselfwhenyou’rewithyourfriends.Ahealthyfriendshipincludesplentyofgentlehonesty.Truefriendswon’tpretendjusttoavoidanargument(争论).____18____Asaresult,you’llknowwhereyoustandwithyourfriendsandwon’tbeafraidtoshareyourtrueopinions.Theyargueinahealthyway.Oneofthebiggestmisunderstandingsaboutgoodfriendsisthattheyneverfight.Butlet’sfaceiteveryonefights.____19____Infact,voicingyouropinionsfreelywillcauseyoutodisagreefromtimetotimeandthat’sokay.Healthyfriendshipsmeanyoucanbefriendswithsomeoneelse,too.____20____That’swhygreatfriendswillimproveyourrelationshipyetstillencourageyoutomeetpeopleandtrynewthingswithoutthem.Ahealthyfriendshipmeansthatsometimesthetwoofyouspendtimeapart,andthat’sokay.AArguingisn’tunhealthy.B.Isyourfriendshipashealthyasitcanbe?C.Goodfriendsdineouttogetherfromtimetotime.D.Goodfriendsarerealandhonestwitheachother.E.Withanunhealthyfriendship,youknowclearlythatsomethingis“off”.F.Evenifyouhavethebestfriend,itdoesn’thurttoexpandyoursocialcircle.G.Inapositivefriendship,yourfriendswon’tlietoyou,andtheywon’thurtyourfeelingseither.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwaslivinginSaoPaulo,Brazil.Itisa____21____city,withmorepeoplelivinginitthaninmywholecountry.Werentedaflatinaguardedcommunity,buttherewasafavela(棚户区)quite____22____.ForseveralmonthsIdidn'thaveacar,sothreetimesaweek,Itookbusestogotothecitycentre.Duringthese____23____,Iwouldridewiththepeoplewhotookthesamebusfromthefavelatogotowork.WhenIgotonthebus,alltheseatswerealready____24____.Butwhenpeoplesawthatmybagwasheavy,theyofferedtoholditontheirlegstomakemefeellighter____25____.Atfirst,Iwas____26____.ThenIrealizedthatthesepeoplehadabsolutelyno____27____tostealfromme:theyonlywantedto____28____.Once,onmywayback,Ihadto____29____foralongtimeatabusstop.Iwasalone,exceptforawomanwhowas_____30_____verypoor.Shecarriedasmallpaperbagofpopcornandnothingelse.Whilewewerewaitingshewalkedoverand_____31_____mesomepopcorn.I_____32_____her,butdidn'twanttohelpmyselftoit.ShethenrepeatedlyinsistedthatItakefromwhatwasclearlyheronlyfood.ThatwasthefirsttimeIhadthoughtabouthowpeoplewhohavealmostnothingaresometimesableto_____33_____thelittletheyhavemore"_____34_____"thanthosewhoownalot.Iwonderifit'struethatthemoreyouhave,thebiggerthedifficultytoshareanythingwithothers.Iwassomovedbythatwoman'ssimplegenerositythatday.Iclearly_____35_____morethanshedid,butshenaturallyandjoyfullysharedwhatlittleshehadwithme.21.A.strange B.beautiful C.huge D.warm22.A.noisy B.similar C.crowded D.near23.A.experiences B.trips C.holidays D.weekends24.A.checked B.given C.taken D.emptied25.A.sitting B.standing C.walking D.carrying26.A.disappointed B.doubtful C.grateful D.satisfied27.A.intention B.patience C.chance D.way28.A.help B.leave C.greet D.change29.A.look B.ask C.wait D.sit30.A.obviously B.hardly C.usually D.especially31.A.bought B.offered C.sold D.made32.A.thanked B.refused C.visited D.promised33.A.sell B.need C.share D.appreciate34.A.anxiously B.politely C.skillfully D.easily35.A.spent B.won C.got D.had第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It’swellknownthatMarch12thisChina’sannualNationalTreePlantingDay.Onthisday,peoplethroughoutChina,willtakespadesandbuckets(铲子和水桶)aswellasyoungtrees,andgoout____36____(green)theirhometowns.Asamatter____37____fact,China’sTreePlantingDaycoulddatebacktoaproposal____38____(make)bySunYat-sen(孙中山)(1866—1925)andQingmingFestival(April5th)wasadopted(采纳)asTreePlantingDaythen.However,April5thwasalatetimefortree-plantinginSouthernChina,soitwaschangedtoMarch12thinhonourofSunYat-sen,____39____passedawayonMarch12th.InFebruary1979,the5thNationalPeople’sCongressofPeople’sRepublicofChina____40____(announce)thatMarch12thwouldbetakenasTreePlantingDay,requiringthewholecountrytocarryouttreeplanting____41____(activity)onMarch12th.Inrecentyearsthetraditionoftree-plantinginthespring____42____(observe)byChinesepeople.Forthoselivinginthebigcities,NationalTreePlantingDayis____43____uniquemomentforcityskipping.____44____(apparent),itisconvenientforpeopletohaveaccesstonaturewiththeirfamilymembers.Aftertheirfieldworktogether,theygetmuch____45____(satisfy)frombetterenvironment.Theyalsoharvestcloserfamilyrelationsaswellasenthusiasmforthefuture.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你校将在下周六上午邀请著名宇航员Mr.Yang来做一场关于太空探索的讲座。请你给你的留学生朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：1.邮件的目的；2.讲座介绍；3.你的期待。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearChris,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Theclasswasover.Karlwasdelightedthathehadcreatedaverysatisfyingwork.Sohewalkedtothebackoftheclassroomtoputhisworkawaycarefully.There,lyingonthecarpetinfrontoftheclassroombookcase,wasagoldenticket!Karlpickeditup.Hisheartbeatfasterwhenhesawthatthenamelinewasblank(空白的).Hecouldn’tbelievehisluck!TheboysandgirlsinKarl’sclasscouldearngoldenticketsbydoingwellintheirstudyorbybeingextrahelpfulorkind.Onceaweektheirteacherdrewaticketoutofaboxonherdeskandletthewinnerchooseaprize.Todaywasthegoldenticketdrawing,andherewasanotherticket,justforhim!Karllookedaround.Nooneelsewasneartheticket.Allhisclassmateswereattheirdesks,laughingandtalkingwitheachother.MissEvanswasengagedingradingthepaperscollectedearlierinthemorning.Karldecidedtowritehisnameontheblankline.Thenhecouldputitintotheprizeboxwiththesixticketshe’dalreadyearned.Withsomanychances,oneofhisticketswouldmostlikelybepicked!Thenhecouldchoosethepinktoypigforhissister’sbirthday,justlikehehadbeenhoping.Hesmiledandreachedforthepencilinhispocket.Suddenlyhisfingersstopped.Therewasastrangefeelinginhischest,anditwasn’thisheartbeat.“Findersarekeepers,right?”,hewondered.Helookedoutofthewindowandtriedtofigureitout.Ontheonehand,hedidfindtheticket,buthehadn’tearnedit.Somebodymusthavelostit.Butontheotherhand,hedidneedthisextraticketforhisgreatplan!注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Karllookedattheblanknamelineforamoment._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:“Karl,Iintendtogiveyouanotherticket!”MissEvanssaid._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2024~2025学年第一学期第一次质量检测高二英语考生注意：1.满分120分，考试时间120分钟。2.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。3.本卷命题范围：人教版选择性必修第一册Unit1—Unit2。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A【1~3题答案】【答案】1.C2.C3.DB【4~7题答案】【答案】4.C5.D