2011走向高考-贾凤山-高中总复习-英语-必修3-5

Ⅰ.词汇1．________n.重要，重要性________adj.重要的2．________n.哲学________n.哲学家________adj.哲学的3．________n.思想家________v.思考，考虑________n.思维，思考，想法4．________n.善良________adj.善良的________adv.善良地5．________n.顾问________v.建议________n.劝告，忠告________adj.适当的，明智的6．________n.诚实________adj.诚实的________adj.(反义词)不诚实的7．________n.公正________adj.公正的________adj.(反义词)不公正的8．________n.贡献________v.贡献9．________n.争/辩论________v.争/辩论________adj.争/辩论的10．________n.状况，条件，环境________adj.有条件的________adj.(反义词)无条件的11．________v.强调________n.强调，紧张________adj.紧张的12．________v.辞职________n.辞职________adj.辞职的，服从的13．________v.发明________n.发明________n.发明家14．________adj.平等的________n.平等________v.使平等/相等15．________adj.有影响的________v．/n.影响16．________adj.柔软的________adv.柔软地________v.使柔软答案：1.importance,important

2.philosophy,philosopher,philosophical

3.thinker,think,thought

4.kindness,kind,kindly

5.adviser,advise,advice,advisable

6.honesty,honest,dishonest

7.justice,just,unjust

8.contribution,contribute

9.argument,argue,arguable

10.condition,conditional,unconditional

11.stress,stress,stressful

12.resign,resignation,resigned

13.invent,invention,inventor

14.equal,equality,equalize

15.influential,influence

16.soft,softly,softenⅡ.短语1．look________照顾，照料2．believe________信任，信仰3．bring________养育，抚养4．besimilar________与……相似5．beatwar________与……处于战争状态6．beinterested________对……感兴趣7．beproud________为……自豪8．bedifferent________与……不同9．________conclusion总之10．________thefirsttime首次，第一次答案：1.after

2.in

3.up

4.to

5.with

6.in

7.of

8.from

9.in

10.forⅢ.句型1．Mencius'sideas________very________________thoseofConfucius.孟子的思想和孔子的思想非常相似。2．AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoften________________________eachother.古代中国是一个国与国之间经常发生战争的地方。3．He________________________ofkindness,dutyandorderinsociety.他强调友善、职责和秩序在社会中的重要性。4．Menciusbelievedthat________________________manisdifferentfromanimalsis________manisgood.孟子相信人不同于动物的原因是人性善。答案：1.were,similarto

2.atwarwith

3.stressedtheimportance

4.thereasonwhy;thatⅠ.重点词汇1．equalvt.,adj.&n.知识拓展1)vt.等于；与……相等(＝beequalto)2)adj.(大小、数量、程度)相等的；胜任的3)n.同等的人和物equallyadv.同样地；相等地equalityn.相等；平等；同等equalizevt.使相等；使平等链接：betheequalofone'swords说到做到bewithoutequal无比；无敌beequaltosth./doingsth.等于；能胜任beequalto与……平等equalpayforequalwork同工同酬经典在线①Apoundis_roughly_equal_to500grams.1磅约等于500克。(朗文P628)②Tradeshouldbalancewhensupply

equalsdemand.供需相当时贸易便达到平衡。(朗文P628)③Hispaintingsarewithoutequal_intheWesternworld.他的画在西方世界首屈一指。(朗文P628)辨析：equal,same1)equal可作形容词、名词和动词，作名词时可以和a连用。2)same用作形容词和代词，其前一律用the。Theblacksdemand

equal

rights(anequalpay)．Theblacksdemandthesame

rights(thesamepay)．黑人要求平等的权利(相同的工资)。即学即用(2006·天津)Fitnessisimportantinsport,butofatleast________importanceareskills.A．fair

B．reasonableC．equal D．proper答案：C2．ordern.次序；顺序；整齐；秩序；命令；订购；vt.命令；指令；订购；安排；指导知识拓展byorderof奉……之命令inorderof以……的顺序inorder井然有序；适宜的inorderto/that为了……outoforder紊乱的onorder已定购的ingoodorder处于良好状态keeporder维持秩序underorders奉命placeanorderforsth.订购某物①Helistedtheeventsin_orderofimportance.他按重要性的顺序将这些事件列表。②Thatyoungteachercan'tkeep_orderinherclassroom.那位年轻教师无法维持班级秩序。③It'llbequitein_orderforyoutomakethissuggestionatournextmeeting.你在下次会议上提这个建议很合适。④They'regoingtoLondon

in_order_that

theymayseethequeen.为了见到女王他们打算到伦敦去。提示：引导目的状语时，inorderto可置于句首也可置于句末；soasto只能置于句末。即学即用①Hisorderwasthatshe________nextday.A．returned B．returnC．wastoreturn D．wouldreturn答案：B②________catchthetrain,hehurriedthroughhiswork.A．Inorderto B．SoastoC．Inorderthat D．Sothat答案：

A3．contributionn.捐献，贡献①Igaveaten­dollar

contributiontothechurcheverySunday.我每个星期日捐10美元给教会。②Doyouconsidercontributionstothefundsadutyorapleasure?你认为捐款给基金会是义务还是乐事？链接：1)makeacontributionto意为“为……做出贡献”，还可以说成makecontributionsto。Thevillagersmade_a_great_contributiontotheconstructionofthenewrailway.村民们为新铁路的建设做出了巨大的贡献。2)contribute为动词，意为“捐献；捐赠；贡献出；有助于”。①Hecontributed_totheRedCross.他给红十字会捐了款。②Plentyoffreshaircontributes_togoodhealth.充足的新鲜空气有助于健康。高考直击(2008·湖北·21)Theyoungmanmadea________tohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.A．prediction B．promiseC．plan D．contribution答案：B考查名词词义辨析。prediction预言；promise诺言；plan计划；contribution贡献。句意：那位年轻人向他父母许下诺言(promise)毕业后他要自己谋生

即学即用Everyoneisencouragedto________foodandclothingfortherefugees.A．drift

B．distribute

C．contribute

D．attribute答案：C4．stressn.重压，压力；强调；重音；vt.着重；强调；重读①Infact,stress

isn'tabadthing.事实上，压力并不是一件坏事。②Imust

stressthatwehaven'tmuchtime.我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。③StressandrhythmareimportantinspeakingEnglish.讲英语时重音及节奏都很重要。知识拓展stressable

adj.可用重音读的；可重读的stressfuladj.产生压力的；使紧迫的inthestressofthemoment一时紧张lay/place/putstresson把重点放在……上；在……上用力under/drivenbythestressof为……所迫；为……所驱使即学即用Susanwassurelyweigheddownby__________________________________.(考试压力)答案：thestressofexaminations5．conditionn.条件；情形；环境；社会地位；vt.以……为条件，使达到要求①Thecarisin_very_good_condition.这辆汽车的状况良好。②Thegiftgiventotheboywasconditioned

onhisgoodbehavior.给孩子的礼物是以他的表现好为条件的。知识拓展onconditionthat条件是onthis/thatcondition在这个/那个条件下onnocondition决不(＝innoway/bynomeans/atnotime/undernocircumstances)makeitaconditionthat...以……为条件beinaninterestingcondition有喜，有孕bein/outofcondition健康状况好/不好beingoodcondition身体很好；完好无误辨析：condition,state,situationcondition,state与situation都含有“情况”的意思。1)condition指“由于一定的原因、条件或环境所产生的特定情况”。Hiscondition

willnotpermithimtotravel.他的情况将不允许他去旅游。2)state是常用词，指“人或物存在或所处的状态”，但不着重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”。Heisinagoodstate.他身体健康。3)situation指多种具体情况造成的综合状态，常着重这种状态的影响或和处于该状态的事物的关系。Weareinadifficultsituation.我们正处于一种困境。高考直击(2009·陕西)Fromtheir________onthetopoftheTVTower,visitorscanhaveabetterviewofthecity.A.stage B.positionC.condition D.situation答案：B考查名词词义辨析。stage“舞台，时期，阶段”；position“位置”；condition“条件，情况”；situation“形式，情况；情景”；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。句意为“从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色”。即学即用Youmayusemycar,________youdonotlendittoanyoneelse.A．ingoodcondition B．onconditionthatC．innoconditionto D．incondition答案：B6．resignn.辞去(职务)；v.辞去，辞职MissWangresignedherpositionasasecretary.王女士辞去了她的秘书职务。知识拓展resignedadj.已辞职的；已放弃的resignationn.辞职；辞职书；放弃；顺从notresignoneselfto不甘心resign...to...把……托付给……resignoneselfto听任；只好辨析：resign,retireresign与retire都含有“退职”的意思。1)resign表示因对工作不满意或因工作上的失职而自愿“辞去”或被“辞退”职务，常与from连用。He

resigned_fromhisjobasaguardforhewasn'tinterestedinit.他因对警卫工作不感兴趣而辞职了。

2)retire表示因年龄大或是身体不行，按国家有关规定“退休”，并享受规定补助。Heretired_from

thebusinesswhenhewas60.他60岁时退休了。即学即用改错Hedidn'twanttoresignhimselfwithfortune.________________________________________________________________________答案：with改为toⅡ.难点突破1．bringup养育；抚养；提出①Afterherparentswerekilledintheearthquake,thechildwas_brought_upbyheruncle.孩子的父母在地震中丧生后，她便由舅父抚养成人。②Iintendtobring

thematterupatthenextmeeting.我想在下次会议上把问题提出来。知识拓展bringabout引起；实现；使发生bringforth生产；生(孩子)bringin获利；引进；介绍；收获bringon引起；导致bringout生产；制造；出版bringround使苏醒bringunder镇压；压制；使就范bring...together集合；召集bringforward提出bringsth.tomind使想起即学即用Hisideaofhavingweeklyfamilymealtogether,whichseemeddifficultatfirst,has________manygoodchangesintheirlives.A．gotthrough B．resultedfromC．turnedinto D．broughtabout答案：D2．insomeways在某些方面知识拓展bytheway顺便说一下bywayof途经，取道，为了……目的inaway在某种程度上inthe/one'sway挡道，阻碍innoway决不inthis/thatway用这种/那种方法onthewayto在去……途中；即将；将要underway已经开始进行了makeone'sway前进，向前走noway根本不，一点也不alltheway一路上givewayto让步(＝giveinto)注意：1)inthis/thatway＝bythis/thatmeans＝withthismethod2)注意下面习惯用法Iliketheway(that/inwhich)sheorganizedthemeeting.3)innoway置于句首时，其后句子要部分倒装。高考直击(2007·陕西·13)—Ithinkheistakinganactivepartinsocialwork.—Iagreewithyou________.A．inaway B．onthewayC．bytheway D．intheway答案：A

inaway在某种程度上；ontheway在路上；bytheway顺便说一下；intheway挡路。即学即用Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathedidbut________hedidit.A．theway B．inthewaythatC．intheway D．thewaywhich答案：A3．inconclusion总之；最后；最终In_conclusion,_Iwouldliketowishyoucontinuedsuccessinthefuture.最后，祝你百尺竿头，更进一步。知识拓展reach/draw/cometo/arriveataconclusion得出结论；告一段落attheconclusionof当……完结时bringtoaconclusion使结束；谈定(买卖等)cometotheconclusionthat...所得的结论是……；断定提示：inconclusion＝toconclude“最后”都作插入语用。To_conclude,_IwishyouaHappyNewYear.最后，祝你们新年快乐。即学即用单句改错Iwillsayafewwordsaboutdisciplinewithconclusion.________________________________________________________________________答案：with改为in4．thereasonwhy...isthat...(……的)原因是……①Menciusbelievedthatthe_reason_whymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子认为人之所以不同于动物是因为人是向善的。②The_reason_whyheresigned

was_thathequarreledwithhisboss.他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。注意：1)在thereasonwhy...结构中，why引导定语从句，它也可换为forwhich，在从句中作原因状语。如果关系词取代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。2)thereasonisthat...结构中，只能用that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。①The

reason_why/for_whichheleftisstillunknown.他离开的原因仍然不为人知。②Noonebelievedthe_reason

that/whichhegave.没有人相信他给出的原因。(that/which代替reason，在从句中作gave的宾语)即学即用Wedon'tbelievethereason________hegaveforhisbeinglate.A．forwhich B．ofwhichC．why D．that答案：DⅢ.单元语法精讲精练定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词