新课标2025版高中英语Unit2CloningSectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage课时作业新人教版选修8

PAGEPAGE1SectionⅡLearningaboutLanguageⅠ.句型转换1．Hehasn'tmadeuphismindwhetherhewillgothere.→Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.2．Inmanyparents'opinion,teenagersshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeonline.→Manyparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeonline.3．Modernsciencehasprovedthatsmokingcanleadtomanydisease.→Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.4．Sheworkshard.Thefactiswellknowntousall.→Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.5．Didhesuggestthatwestartourworkrightaway?→Didhemakeasuggestionthatwestartourworkrightaway?Ⅱ.补全句子1．Theywereallverymuchworriedaboutthefactthatyouwereill(你病了)．2．EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanydeclaredwaronthatcountry(德国对那国宣战)．3．Thequestionwhowilldothework(谁来做这个工作)requiresconsideration.4．Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontime(飞机按时起飞)madeeverybodyhappy.5．Hegaveaproposalthatwegetridofthebadhabits(我们应当摒弃不良习惯)．6．Thequestionwhetherhecanfinishtheworkwithintwodays(两天内他是否能完成工作)remainsunknown.7．Mompromisedtobuymeanicegiftformybirthday,somethingbeyondmyimagination(一些超出我想象的东西)．8．Sheexpressedthehopethatshewouldwriteanovel(她会写一本小说)someday.9．TheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsent(杰克为什么缺席)．10．Heputforwardthequestionwherethemeetingwouldbeheld(在哪里实行会议)．Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)It'sabout250milesfromthehillsofwest­centralIowatoEhlers'homeinMinnesota.Duringthelongtriphome，followingaweekendofhunting，Ehlers1.Caboutthesmalldoghehadseen2.Balongsidetheroad.Hehad3.Atocoax(哄)thedogtohimbut，frightened，ithad4.D.Backhome，Ehlerswastroubledbythat5.Cdog.So，fourdayslater，hecalledhisfriendGreg，andthetwodrove6.C.Afteralongandcareful7.D，Gregsaw，acrossafield，thedogmoving8.Aaway.Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimaltohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith9.B.Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers'face.Alocalfarmertoldthemthedogsoundedlikeone10.Baslostinthelocalpaper.Theadhada11.BnumberforatowninsouthernMichigan.Ehlers12.AthenumberofJeffandLisatotellthemhehad13.Ctheirdog.Jeffhad14.AinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog，Rosie，butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.Jeffsearched15.DforRosieinthenextfourdays.EhlersreturnedtoMinnesota，andthendrove100milestoMinneapolistoputRosieonaflighttoMichigan.“It'sgoodtoknowthere'sstillsomeoneouttherewho16.Aenoughtogotothatkindof17.B，”saysLisaofEhlers'rescue18.C.“Ifiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustas19.DtoitasIamtomydogs，”saysEhlers.“Ifithadbeenmydog，I'dhopethatsomebodywouldbe20.Dtogothatextramile.”文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回丢失的狗的故事，体现了和谐的人际关系。1．A．read B．forgotC．thought D．heard解析：上下文语境题。依据空格前面的“Duringthelongtriphome,followingaweekendofhunting”可知，在漫长的回家旅途中，经过一个周末的狩猎，Ehlers正驱车回家。再依据后面的“thesmalldoghehadseen...frightened,ithad4”可知，他本想把他遇见的那条狗哄到身边来，但是狗受到惊吓跑了，因此他在回家的路上始终想着(think)那条狗。2．A．fighting B．tremblingC．eating D．sleeping解析：下文语境题。与后面的frightened呼应，此处表示那条狗正在路边颤抖(tremble)。3．A．tried B．agreedC．promised D．regretted解析：下文语境题。结合后面的“tocoax(哄)thedogtohimbut,frightened,ithad4”可知，原来Ehlers试图(try)把那条狗哄到身边来，希望帮助它。但是却没有胜利，狗因为受到惊吓跑掉了。agreetodosth.同意做某事；promisetodosth.许诺做某事；regrettodosth.很缺憾要去做某事。4．A．calmeddown B．stoodupC．rolledover D．runoff解析：上文语境题。but表示转折，虽然Ehlers想把狗哄到身边来，帮助它，但是狗由于胆怯 ，跑掉了(runoff)，此处也与下文的lost等呼应。calmdown安静下来，镇静下来；standup站立；rollover翻转。5．A．injured B．stolenC．lost D．rescued解析：上文语境题。依据上文的“but,frightened,ithadrunoff”可知，那条狗跑掉了，因此Ehlers被那条丢失的(lost)狗弄得不安。6．A．home B．pastC．back D．on解析：上文语境题。依据本段的第一句“Backhome,Ehlerswastroubledbythatlostdog.”可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条丢失的狗弄得不安，所以，四天后，他叫上他的挚友Greg，开车回去(back)找寻那条狗。7．A．preparation B．explanationC．test D．search解析：上下文语境题。结合前面的“Afteralongandcareful”和后面的“Gregsaw,acrossafield,thedogmoving8away”可知，经过长时间的细致搜寻(search)，Greg望见了那条狗。preparation打算；explanation说明；test测试。8．A．cautiously B．casuallyC．skillfully D．angrily解析：上下文语境题。依据第一段最终一句中的“frightened”和下文的“nervousnessandfear”可知，那条狗受到惊吓，感到惊慌担心和恐惊，因此当Greg望见它的时候，它正当心谨慎地(cautiously)移动。casually随意地；skillfully奇妙地，精致地；angrily生气地。9．A．surprise B．joyC．hesitation D．anxiety解析：上下文语境题。依据空格前面的“nervousnessandfearwerereplaced(惊慌担心和恐惊被取代了)”以及后面的“Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers'face.(它就起先舔Ehlers的脸)”可知，它的担心和恐惊被欢乐(joy)取代。surprise惊异；hesitation迟疑；anxiety焦虑，忧虑。10．A．predicted B．advertisedC．believed D．recorded解析：下文语境题。结合后面的“aslostinthelocalpaper”及“thead”可知，一位当地的农场主告知他们这条狗似乎是在当地报纸上登了广告的(advertise)丢失的狗。11．A．house B．phoneC．street D．car解析：下文语境题。依据后面的“numberforatowninsouthernMichigan”和“thenumberofJeffandLisa”以及生活常识可知，寻狗启事上应当有电话(phone)号码。12．A．called B．copiedC．counted D．remembered解析：下文语境题。依据后面的“thenumberofJeffandLisatotellthemhehad13theirdog”可知，Ehlers打电话(call)告知Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主子，他发觉了他们的狗。13．A．fed B．adoptedC．found D．cured解析：上文语境题。依据前面的“Ehlers12thenumberofJeffandLisatotellthem”并结合生活常识可知，Ehlers当然是打电话告知狗的主子，他发觉(find)了他们的狗。14．A．hunted B．skiedC．lived D．worked解析：下文语境题。依据后面的“inIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog,Rosie，butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff”可知，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎(hunt)，但是枪声把狗吓跑了。15．A．onpurpose B．ontimeC．inturn D．invain解析：上下文语境题。结合上文Ehlers发觉了Rosie和本句“Jeffsearched15forRosieinthenextfourdays.”可知，Jeff找了四天，也没有找到他的狗，即徒劳无功(invain)。onpurpose有意；ontime按时；inturn依次，轮番。16．A．cares B．seesC．suffers D．learns解析：上下文语境题。分析本句中的“saysLisaofEhlers'rescue”可知，这句是狗的女主子Lisa赞美Ehlers的话。她认为有人能够关切(care)一条狗，真是一件好事。17．A．place B．troubleC．waste D．extreme解析：上下文语境题。结合上文Ehlers邀请挚友Greg帮助找寻那条狗，并且依据“EhlersreturnedtoMinnesota,andthendrove100milestoMinneapolistoputRosieonaflighttoMichigan.”可知，他还回到Minnesota，又开车100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明他为那条狗大费周折(trouble)。place地方；waste奢侈；extreme极端，极度。18．A．service B．planC．effort D．team解析：上文语境题。上文提及Ehlers邀请挚友Greg一同找寻那条狗，他还回到Minnesota，又驱车100英里到了Minneapolis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明Ehlers为了Rosie做出了许多努力(effort)。19．A．equal B．allergicC．grateful D．close解析：上文语境题。Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近(becloseto)它。20．A．suitable B．proudC．wise D．willing解析：上下文语境题。分析本句“Ifithadbeenmydog,I'dhopethatsomebodywouldbe20togothatextramile.”可知，Ehlers认为，假如他的狗走丢了，他希望有人情愿(willing)不怕麻烦地去帮助找寻他的狗。besuitabletodosth.适合做某事；beproudtodosth.做某事很骄傲；bewisetodosth.做某事是明智的。Ⅳ.阅读理解A(2024·北京卷)Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter？Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean，Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable，buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid，“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。1.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout？BA．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.解析：段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。其次段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五彩缤纷的图案；气候变更又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所削减，导致海洋表面的颜色变更。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变更的缘由，故B项正确。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean？AA．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.解析：词义揣测题。后一句提到，气候变暖变更了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅须要阳光和二氧化碳，也须要养分。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？DA．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.解析：推理推断题。文章倒数其次段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，假如某些种类的浮游植物消逝了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，所以A项“浮游植物在海洋生态中所起的作用越来越小。”是不对的；Dutkiewicz的模型不是用来推断浮游植物的变更的，而是推断海洋的变更的，解除B项；浮游植物不是用来限制全球气候的，解除C项。由文章第四段信息“Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.”可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？CA．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.解析：主旨大意题。文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变更对海洋有影响，故C项正确。BScientistsinArgentinahavecreatedtheworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenesthatwillenableittoproducehuman­likemilk,whichismatchlessuptonow.Itisabreakthroughintheareaofclone.Geneticengineeringwasusedtointroducethe“mothers'milk”genesintotheanimalbeforebirth,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofAgribusinessTechnologyinBuenosAires.Asanadult,theclonedcow“willproducemilkthatissimilartothatofhumans”，whichwillprove“adevelopmentofgreatimportanceforthenutritionofinfants”，asitissaidinastatement.“Theclonedcow,namedRositaISA,isthefirstonebornintheworldthatownstwohumangenesthatcontaintheproteinspresentinhumanmilk，”thestatementsaid.InApril,scientistsinChinapublisheddetailsofresearchshowingthattheyhadcreatedGMHolsteindairycowswhichproducedmilkcontainingproteinsfoundinhumanbreastmilk.ButtheArgentineteamsaystheChineseonlyintroducedonehumangene,whereastheirresearchinvolvedtwogenes,meaningthemilkwillmorecloselyresemblethatofhumans.RositaISAwasbornonApril6andwasdeliveredbyCaesareansectionbecausesheweighedaround100pounds,roughlytwicethenormalweightofJerseycows.AdrianMutto,fromtheNationalUniversityofSanMartinsaid,“Ourgoalwastoraisethenutritionalvalueofcows'milkbyaddingtwohumangenes,theproteinlactoferrinandlysozyme，whichcanprovidenewly­bornbabieswithanti­bacterialandanti­viral(抗病毒)protection.”CristinaKirchner,PresidentofArgentina,saidthatthescientificinstitute“makesallArgentinesproud”．Shealsorevealedthatshehadrejectedthe“honor”ofhavingthecownamedafterher.“TheycametotellmethatthenameisCristina,butwhatwomanwouldliketohaveacownamedafterher?ItappearedtometobemoreappropriatetocallitRosita.”文章大意：文章介绍了阿根廷科学家通过添加人类基因的方式培育出了能生产“类人乳”的牛。这是基因工程的一项突破。5.WhatcanweknowaboutRositaISAaccordingtothepassage？AA．Itsmilkhaslargernutritionalvaluethanothers'.B．Itisthefirstcowwithahumangene.C．ItisasheavyasJerseycows.D．Itsmilkhasthesameproteinsashumanbreastmilk.解析：推理推断题。依据文章第一段第一句“...theworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenes...”可知，B项中的ahumangene错误；依据第七段“...twicethenormalweightofJerseycows.”可知C项错误；依据第六段“...themilkwillmorecloselyresemblethatofhumans.”可知，这种奶只是与母乳相像，故D项错误；依据第四段可知，该克隆牛所产牛奶和母乳相像，而且依据倒数其次段可知，它所产的奶在供应婴儿所需的养分方面有重大的进步。故选A项。6.LactoferrinandlysozymeinmilkD.A．canoffermoreproteinsincowmilkB．helpprovidemoremilkfromcowC．canincreasetheproductionofmilkD．aregoodforbabies'health解析：推理推断题。依据文章倒数其次段中的“...theproteinlactoferrinandlysozyme，whichcanprovidenewly­bornbabieswithanti­bacterialandanti­viral(抗病毒)protection.”可知，牛奶中的乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin)和溶菌酶(lysozyme)可以为婴儿供应抗菌和抗病毒的爱护，对婴儿的健康有好处。故选D项。7.WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatC.A．itishardtonamethecowB．thepresidentwantsthecownamedafterherC．honorableasitis,nowomenlikethecownamedafterthemD．CristinaKirchnerobjectstocreatingtheclonedcow解析：推理推断题。依据文章最终一段第三句“...butwhatwomanwouldliketohaveacownamedafterher？”可知，该反问句表示确定意义，表示没有一个女人情愿一头牛跟自己姓。故选C项。8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage？BA．ScientistsinArgentinaCouldProduceHumanMilkB．ScientistsCreateaCowThatProduces“Human”MilkC．TheClonedCowWouldBringAboutBenefitsD．HowWastheClonedCowBorn?解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段第一句提出“ScientistsinArgentinahavecreatedtheworld'sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenesthatwillenableittoproducehuman­likemilk，whichismatchlessuptonow.”，下文围绕该主题进行阐述。由此可知，本文主题是科学家培育出了一头能生产“类人乳”的牛。故选B项。Ⅴ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.Oneaft