人教版英语八年级上册 Unit10 知识点

Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime!1.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutwhentohaveaclassparty.whentohaveaclassparty是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语或宾语(作宾语时可转换成相应的宾语从句)Eg:Wheretogoisaproblem.(主语)Theimportantproblemishowtotellhimthetruth.(表语)Theyhavedecidedwheretogo.=Theyhavedecidedwheretheywillgo.2....halftheclasswon’tcome.halftheclass相当于halfoftheclass一半学生当halfof...结构作主语时，谓语动词与of后面接的词的形式保持一致Eg:Halfofstudentsaretalkingloudlyintheclass.Halfofwaterisinthebottle.注意:(1)halfof后跟名词，如果名词前有the、this、my等词进行修饰，此时of可以省略。Eg:HalfthepeoplearefromChina.Halfthisappleiseatenbymybrother.halfof后接代词时，of不能省略Eg:Halfofthemenjoyedthepartylastnight.Half(n)半；一半(halves)表示:几个半数字+名词+and+ahalf数字+and+ahalfEg:onehourandahalfoneandahalfhourstwodaysandahalftwoandahalfdays 3.Canyougivemesomeadviceplease?advice(不可数名词)劝告；建议(可以用some、apieceof/pieces等来修饰)advice(相当于suggestion可数名词)Eg:Lucycameupwithapieceofadvice.advice的用法如下:asksb.foradvice向某人征求建议givesb.adviceonsth.就某事向某人提建议takesb’sadvice听取某人的建议getadvicefrom从...处获得建议Eg:Youcanaskyourmomforadvice.HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.Takemyadvice.Don’tdolikethat.Youcangetadvicefromyourteachers.advise(v)劝告；建议常见用法:advisesb.(not)todosth.建议某人(不)做某事advisedoingsth.建议做某事advisethat+从句建议...(从句应用should+动原形式,should可省略)Eg:Mymomadvisesmenottostayathomeallthetime.Sheadvisesgivingherpocketmoneytothepoorpeople.Theteacheradvisesthatshe(should)studyhardtopasstheexams.4.Ifpeoplehaveproblems,theyshouldtrytokeepthemtothemselves.keep(v)保留；保存常用短语:keep...tooneself保守秘密(keepasecret/keepsth.quiet)Eg:Ihopeyoucankeepthesecrettoyourself.keeponeselftooneself不与人来往；不交际Eg:Heisashyboy,sohealwayskeepshimeselftohimeself.keep的常见用法:keepsth.保存某物；保管某物(常与howlong或与一段时间连用)Eg:HowlongcanIkeepyourbook?(你的书我能借多久？)keepdoingsth.一直做某事；坚持做某事Eg:Don’tkeepaskingfoolishquestions.keep+adj保持(某种状态)(keep为系动词，后接adj作表语)Eg:Pleasekeepquiet.keepsb./sth.+adj使某人或某物保持某种状态Eg:Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.keepsb./sth.away(from)使某人/某物远离(...)Eg:Keepthedogawayfromtheroom.5.Sometimestheyhaveproblemswiththeirschoolwork...在(做)...方面有问题havesomeproblemswith...havesomeproblems(in)doingsth.havesometroublewith...havesometrouble(in)doingsth.havesomedifficultywith...havesomedifficulty(in)doingsth.6.Unlesswetalktosomeone,we’llcertainlyfeelworse.unless(conj)除非;如果不(相当于if...not...)常用来引导条件状语从句(主将从现)Eg:Ishallgotothelibraryunlessitrains.Ishallgotothelibraryifitdoesn’train.unless引导条件句，主要用于下列情况主句为肯定句Eg:Youwillmissthebusunlessyouhurryup.主句为否定句Eg:Unlessyouworkhard,youwon’tpasstheexam.7.Hethinksthefirststepistofindsomeoneyoutrusttotalkto.trust:(vt)相信；信任(后接n/pron/todo/that引导的宾语从句)Eg:Noonetrustshimexcepthimself.Wetrustthatyouwillkeepittoyourself.Itrustmychildrentodoitbythemselves.trust:(vi)信任(常接介词intrustin信任)Eg:Youshouldtrustinyourownjudgement.辨析:trust与believetrust:强调“信任、信赖”(相当于believeinsb.)believe:相信某人(说的话是真的)Eg:Ibelievehim,butIdon’talwaystrusthim.8.Whoelsecanyougetadvicefrom?else(adv)别的；其他的(一般用在疑问代词who、what等)或不定代词(something、nothing、somebody、anyone等)之后Eg:Whoelsedoyouwanttogowith?Whatelsewouldyouliketoeat?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?辨析:else与otherelse(adv)其他的；别的(一般用在不定代词或疑问代词之后)Eg:Whatelsedoyouwant?other:(adj)其他的(用来修饰名词)Eg:Whatotherthingsdoyouwant?If引导的条件状语从句1.定义:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为多种，if引导的句子在复合句中表示条件，作主句的条件状语，因此称为：条件状语从句Eg:Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.2.结构：If+陈述句，主语+谓语主语+谓语+if+陈述句Eg:Ifyouaskhim,hewilltellyouthetruth.Hewilltellyouthetruthifyouaskhim.3.if引导的条件状语从句与主句时态的一致性在复合句中，从句中动词的时态在一定程度上受到主句动词时态的制约，这在英语语法中称为时态呼应在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时表将来Eg:Ifitrains,Iwillstayathome.如果主句含有must、may、can等情态动词，从句也要用一般现在时Eg:Ifyoudrivetoofast,youmayhaveanaccident.Youmuststopifthetrafficlightturnsred.如果主句是祈使句，从句也要用一般现在时Eg:Don’tgoandplaybasketballifyoudon’tfinishyourhomework.if条件句与其他句式的转化不定式短语与条件状语从句之间的转化Itwillbeagreatmistakeforustowaitanotherweek.转换成:Itwillbeagreatmistakeifwewaitanotherweek.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句式中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句.如果是用or连接，那么if引导的条件状语从句要用否定形式；如果用and连接，则用肯定形式Eg:Hurryup,orwe’llmissourtrain.Ifwedon’thurryup,we’llmissourtrain.Workhard,andyou’llcatchupwithyourclassmates.Ifyouworkhard,you’llcatchupwithyourclassmates.5.if引导条件状语从句与if引导宾语从句的区别(1)if引导条件状语从句时，表示：假如、如果(条件状语从句可位于句首/句末)if引导宾语从句时，表示:是否、是不是(意义同：whether,位于及物动词之后)Eg:Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgohiki