黄金卷08-【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（考试版）

试卷第=page22页，共=sectionpages2222页【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）黄金卷08（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JenniferfindsCeceliareadinganewspaperaloneintheroom.“HiCecelia,doyou1me?Jennifer.”The91-year-oldresidentatNewburgheldercarecentersaysafriendlyhello,butdoesn’tseemtorecognizeJennifertoday.It’sonenicespringafternoon.JenniferinvitesCeceliatogodowntothe2.ShehelpsCeceliaheadtotheelevator.Ceceliawheelsherselfforward,asJennifer3guidesherfrombehind.ThetwohavebeengettingtoknoweachotheroverthepastfewmonthssinceJennifer,therecentBostonUniversitygraduate,begantovolunteerinthecenter,4residentswithAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔茨海默症).Downinthecourtyard,Ceceliabeginsreadingapoem,slowlyandlyrically(抒情地).Jenniferlistensattentively,andthenasksifCeceliaknowswhowrotethepoem，tohelpherwitha“5stretch”.Together,theyreflectonthepoem’smeaning.Cecelia’sdeepunderstandingofthepoemsuggeststhatsheissucha6lady.JennifertellsCecelia,“You’retheonewhomakesme7cominghereeveryweek.Ilovelearningfromyou.You’relikemyteacher.”“Yougivetheoldpeoplea8tothinkandtoknowtheygetgoodcare,”Ceceliareplies.Jennifer’srelationshipwithCeceliahasplayedanimportantrolein9herpassionforlookingafteroldergenerations.“Weshouldtaketimetolistentothem.Justlisteningisanactof10,”Jennifersays.1．A．hear B．understand C．trust D．remember2．A．courtyard B．center C．elevator D．room3．A．bravely B．lightly C．gratefully D．immediately4．A．relyingon B．lookinginto C．appealingto D．caringfor5．A．hand B．leg C．brain D．back6．A．frank B．wise C．modest D．humorous7．A．lookforwardto B．payattentionto C．giveinto D．objectto8．A．dream B．method C．chance D．plan9．A．rediscovering B．exchanging C．consuming D．shaping10．A．friendship B．kindness C．loyalty D．courage第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）A阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Withthepopularityofcycling,manycitieshavecombinedtheirtourismcharacteristicstolaunchthemedroutes.Fromindoorexhibitions11outdoorconcertsandnightcyclingalongtheSouthCentralAxis(轴),aseriesofactivities12(introduce)nextmonthsothaturbanresidentscanenjoythemselves.AnofficialoftheChinaTourismAcademysaid,“Asmasstourismgrowsinpopularity,onlyhigh-qualityoutdoortourismproductscanattractvisitorsandtheintegrationofmicro-vacationproductswithoutdoorsportsproducts13(have)abroadspacefordevelopment.”B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Bandung,oneofIndonesia’smajorcities,isonly150kilometersfromJakarta,thecapital,butthedriveisatanaverageofthreehoursevenwithafreeway14(connect)thetwocities.Fortunately,ahigh-speedrailway15(fund)byChinaisduetoopenin2023,andthehours-longtravel16(cut)to40minutes.ItispartofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative,andforIndonesia,thebeginningofabrandnewnetworkoftransportationacrossthecountry.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ThreeastronautsstationedinChina’sTiangongspacestationreturnedinthemiddleofApril.17(live)inspaceforaboutsixmonths,theycompletedmorethan20scientifictasksandbroughtbacksamples18them.Besides,theyalsodeliveredtwolivelecturesfromthespacestation,19showedthestudentstheirlivingandworkingareas.Inadditiontothelectures,theyalsodemonstratedseveralscientific20(experiment)underzero-gravityconditions.第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分,共28分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A

TheSouthwestMuseumThecollectionsoftheSouthwestMuseumrepresentNativeAmericanculturesfromAlaskatoSouthAmerica.ThemuseumcontainssomeofthefinestexamplesofIndianartandartifactsintheUnitesStates.EXHIBITIONSInitspermanentexhibitions,theSouthwestMuseumpresentstheremarkableculturaldiversityofAmerica’searliestresidents.Themuseum’sfourmainexhibithallsfocusonthenativepeopleoftheSouthwest,California,theGreatPlains,andtheNorthwestCoast.VisitorsmaysurveyprehistoricSouthwestpaintedearthenware,andenjoytemporaryexhibitionsandexhibitionsthataremovedbetweenmuseums.PROGRAMSThroughouttheyearthemuseumoffersawiderangeofprogramsincluding:performances,classes,lectures,festivals,filmsanddemonstrationsbynotedartistsandothereducationalprogramsformembersandthegeneralpublic.Guidedgallerytoursareofferedbyreservation,forstudentandadultgroups.MEMBERSHIPMuseummembershipprovidesindividualsandfamilieswithmanychancestoparticipateintheactiveandexcitingSouthwestMuseumcommunity.Themembershipbenefitsinclude:freeadmissiontotheMuseum;invitationstoexhibitionopeningsandspecialevents;reducedratesonprogramsandclasses;discountsintheMuseumStore;calendarsofevents;members’newsletterandsubscriptiontothemuseum’smagazine,Masterkey.

MUSEUMSTOREThemuseumstoreoffersbeautifullymadeSouthwestsilverjewelry,Puebloearthenware,andkachinadolls.ItalsooffersfolkartfromMexicoandPeru.ThestorecarriesalargeselectionofpublicationsonNativeAmericanhistory,andonseveralfamousNativeAmericanandWesternartists.Museummembersreceivea10%discountonallin-storepurchasesanda20%discountonallmuseumpublications.MuseumHours:Tuesday——Sunday11:00a.m.to5:00p.m.Telephone:213-221-2164MuseumLocation:234MuseumDriveLosAngeles,CA9006521．ThecollectionsoftheSouthwestMuseumfocuson_______.A．lifestylesofAmericanresidentsB．nativeculturesoftheAmericasC．diversityofAmericanfestivalsD．developmentofAmericanarts22．WhatcanavisitordoattheSouthwestMuseum?A．Interviewnotedartists.B．Trypaintingearthenware.C．Appreciatetravelingexhibitions.D．SurveymodernAmericanfolkart.23．Whichbenefitcanamuseummemberenjoy?A．Freeclassesandprograms.B．A10%discountonkachinadolls.C．Theprioritytoreserveguidedtours.D．Therighttoinvitefriendstoexhibitionopenings.BInmyeyes,mymotheriscapableofdoinganything,especiallychoressuchasironingandcooking.However,teachingherhowtousetheInternetisasfrustratingasuntangling(解开)wires.Once,mymothercametometoaskforhelponhowtofindarecipeforall-beefLasagna.Igaveherverysimpleverbal(口头的)instructions—gotothehomepageofaparticularsearchengineandtypein“recipeforall-beefLasagna.”Fifteenminuteslater,shecametome,tellingmethatshewasunabletofindtheInterneticon(图标).Iwentovertothecomputerandpointedouttheicontoher.AnotherfifteenminuteswentbywhenIfeltataponmyshoulder.Thistime,mymothersaidthatshewasunabletosearchfortheparticularrecipe.Gritting(咬)myteeth,Iwalkedtoherroomagain.Isawthatshehadtyped“allbeefLasaga”instead.Withfrustratedstrokes,Ikeyedinthecorrectspelling.Yetanotherfifteenminuteswentbyagainwhenmymothergingerlytappedmyshoulder.Istormednextdoorwithoutbotheringtohidemyfrustration.Themainpageofthewebsitehadnotshiftedonebit.Ithenrealisedthatshedidnotknowhowtoscrolldownthepage.Whathadinitiallyseemedlikeaneasytaskwasturningouttobeanintenseone.Toavoidbeingdisturbedagain,Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher.Withoutaword,Irapidlydownloadedafewrecipes,printedthemoutandpassedthemtomymother.However,seeingherembarrassment,Ibegantoregretmyimpatienceduringthewholeprocess.Atthatmoment,memoriesflashedthroughmymind.WhenIwasyoung,mymotherenduredmyendlessquestions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience.NowthatIamolder,therolesslowlyreverse.Asmymothermayincreasinglyneedmyhelp,shouldn’tIrethinkhowtorespondtoherneeds?24．Theauthor’smothercouldn’tfindtherecipeonlinemainlybecauseshewas________.A．unfamiliarwithcomputersandtheInternetB．givenunclearinstructionsbytheauthorC．toodependentonherfamilymembersD．impatientatsearchingfortherecipe25．Whydidtheauthorprinttherecipesforhismotheratlast?A．Becausehewaspleasedtohelphismotherout.B．Becausehedidn’twanthismothertobeembarrassed.C．Becausehewasfedupwithhismother’sinterruption.D．Becausehethoughthismotherfavoredtheprintedversion.26．Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A．Itiswisetoteachothersbyexamples.B．Forgivingothersisequaltoblessingoneself.C．Patienceandperseverancewillbefinallyrewarded.D．Puttingyourselfinothers’shoesisthekeytounderstanding.CPeoplewhothinkofthemselvesastough-mindedandrealistictendtotakeitforgrantedthathumannatureisselfishandthatlifeisastruggleinwhichonlythefittestmaysurvive.Accordingtothisphilosophy,thebasiclawbywhichpeoplemustlive,isthelawofthejungle.The“fittest”arethosewhocanbringtothestrugglesuperiorforce,superiorcunningandsuperiorruthlessness.Butweareentitledtoaskwhethertheruthlessnessofthetiger,thecunningofthefoxandtheobediencetothelawofthejungleare,intheirhumanapplications,actuallyevidenceofhumanfitnesstosurvive.Ifhumanbeingsaretopickuppointersonbehaviorfromtheloweranimals,aretherenotanimalsotherthanbeastsofpreyfromwhichwemightlearnlessonsinsurvival?Wemight,forexample,looktotherabbitorthedeeranddefinefitnesstosurviveassuperiorspeedinrunningawayfromourenemies.Wemightpointtotheearthwormorthemoleandattributetheirfitnesstosurvivetotheabilitytokeepoutofsightandoutoftheway.Ifwesimplylooktoanimalsinordertodefinewhatwemeanby“fitnesstosurvive”,thereisnolimittothesubhumansystemsofbehaviorthatwecanthinkup.Wemayemulateanyanimalbecausetheyhaveallobviouslysurvivedinonewayoranother.Wearestillentitledtoask,however,ifhumansurvivaldoesnotrevolvearoundadifferentkindoffitnessfromthatoftheloweranimals.Biologistsdistinguishbetweentwokindsofstruggleforsurvival.First,thereistheinterspecificstruggle,warfarebetweendifferentspeciesofanimals.Second,thereistheintraspecificstruggle,warfareamongmembersofasinglespecies.Agreatdealofevidenceinmodernbiologyindicatesthatthosespeciesthathavedevelopedelaboratemeansofintraspecificcompetitionoftenmakethemselvesunfitforinterspecificcompetition,andthatstrengthandfiercenessinfightingandkillingotheranimals,whetherininterspecificorintraspecificcompetition,haveneverbeenenoughinthemselvestoguaranteethesurvivalofaspecies.Ifwearegoingtotalkabouthumansurvival,oneofthefirstthingstodo,evenifwegrantthatpeoplemustfighttolive,istodistinguishbetweenthosequalitiesthatareusefulinfightingtheenvironmentandotherspeciesandthosequalitiesthatareusefulinfightingotherpeople.Therearealsocharacteristicsimportanttohumansurvivalthatdonotinvolvefighting.Cooperationisessentialtothesurvivalofmostlivingcreatures.Andhumanbeingsarethetalkinganimals.Anytheoryofhumansurvivalthatleavesthisfactoutofaccountisnomorescientificthanwouldbeatheoryofbeaversurvivalthatfailedtoconsidertheinterestingusesabeavermakesofitsteethandflattail.Letusseewhattalkingmeans.beaver27．Accordingtothepassage,the“SurvivaloftheFittest”theory.A．showsthatthetough-mindedandrealisticsurviveB．isoftenusedasanexcuseforone’sbeingselfishC．appliesbetterinhumansocietythaninthewildD．isuniversallyacknowledgedamongscientists28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emulate”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Copy B．Protect. C．Trap. D．Admire.29．Accordingtothepassage,theauthorismostlikelytoagreethat.A．humanshavenosuperiorforceoverotherspeciesB．humanshavesurvivedbecausetheyarethefittestC．humansdon’thavetolearnfromanimalstosurviveD．humansneedtofighteachotherfortheirownsurvival30．Whatismostlikelytobetalkedaboutnext?A．Waystomakehumansmorecompetitive.B．Human’scooperationviacommunicationC．Differencesbetweenbeaversandhumans.D．Thedevelopmentofhumansurvivalskills.DItallstartedwhenItypedaperfectlyreasonableprompt(提示词)intooneofseveralappsonthemarketthatcancreateanimagebasedontext.“Skullspacelaserdinosaurstarshipexplosion,”Iwrote.Theappprocessedforafewseconds,andreturnedfourimages,oneofwhichwasstrangelyaccurate:adinosaur-lookingskullscreamedoutofanemptyspace,trailingfire.Itlookedlikeanillustrationfromtheartmagazine,andperhapsartfromthemagazineinfluenceditscreation.Text-to-imageAIsidentifyimagesbylookingatthetextthatpeoplehaveusedtodescribethosepicturesonline.Whentheappgotmyprompt,itstudiedimagesthatrandompeoplehaddescribedas“dinosaur”orlaserandsoonthenusedwhatiscalledadiffusionmodel(扩散模型)toaddabunchofrandomchaostothosepictures.Oncetheyweresuitablycompleted,it“upscaled”them,removingnoiseandsharpeningfocus.ItsworkissogoodthatanartistusingitrecentlywonfirstplacefordigitalimagesattheColoradoStateFair.Buttherearemajorethical(道德的)issuesraisedbythesuccessofsuchAIs.Thebiggesthastodowiththosetrainingdatasets.ReportersrecentlydiscoveredthatthedatasetusedbyText-to-imageAIscontainedimagesofviolence.Somecompaniesareworkingonwaystopreventthepublicfromseeingimagesbasedonoffensiveandillegalpicturesinthedataset.Arepresentativeofthecompaniesalsonotedthattheimagesinitsdatasetare“alreadyavailableinthepublicinternetonpubliclyavailablewebsites”.ButevenifthisproblemisfixedthereisstillthequestionofalltheotherpicturesonlinethatarebeingtransformedintoAI-generatedmasterpieces.Asmanyartistshavepointedout,theirworksarebeingusedwithoutpayment.Theimage-generatingalgorithm(算法)createsillustrationsandevenmoviesbyusingdatasetsstockedwithartstolenfromartistswhoposttheirworksonline.SomeAIresearchersarguethattheiralgorithmsaren’tstealingfromartistssomuchaslearningfromthemjustashumanartistslearnfromeachother.Butamoreethicalapproachwouldbeforcompaniestoacknowledgetheirdebttoartistsandcreateamodelofvoluntarycollectivelicensing,muchlikewhatradiostationsfirstdidinradio’searlydays.Backthen,musicianscreatedgroupslikeBMItocollectivelylicensetheirmusictoradiostations—thenBMIwouldpayartistsbasedonhowoftentheirsongswereplayed.Perhapsartistsandartinstitutionstodaycouldforma“collectingsociety”thatwouldallowcompaniestolicensetheirartworkfordatasets.TocreateethicalAIsystems,weneedtoacknowledgethepeoplewhoseworkmakesthosesystemssomagical.Wecan’tsimplysnarfupeveryimageonline—weneedhumanstomanagethosedatasetsandweneedtopaythemtodoit.31．WhatcanwelearnaboutText-to-imageAIsfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Theyaredevelopedtoprocesspictures.B．Theyareusedtodescribeonlinepictures.C．Theyuseadiffusionmodeltocombinepictures.D．Theycreatetheirworksbasedononlinepictures.32．OneoftheissuesraisedbythesuccessofText-to-imageAIsis______.A．theinfluenceuponartcreation. B．theavailabilityofonlinepictures.C．theneglectoftheartists’copyright. D．theprospectofartistsbeingreplaced.33．WhydidtheauthormentionBMIinParagraph5?A．TointroducetherolethatBMIplayedinAIhistory.B．Topresentawaytoregulatetheuseofonlinepictures.C．Toprovethenecessityoflicensingmusictoradiostations.D．Todemonstratetheurgencyofformingacollectingsociety.34．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Itisnotpracticaltoimprovetheimage-generatingalgorithm.B．ThefunctionofText-to-imageAIsshouldn’tbeunderestimated.C．HumaneffortsshouldbevaluedintheapplicationofText-to-imageAIs.D．Companiesshouldbeheldresponsiblefortheillegalpicturesonpublicwebsites.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRecreationalFearFrompeek-a-bootoHalloweenhauntedhouses,researchshowsthatrecreationalfearcanteachustofacescarysituations.The“paradoxofhorror”isthatbeingscared,undertherightcircumstances,canbefun.35Havingfunwithfearisan“extremelyimportanttoolforlearning,”saidMathiasClasen,directoroftheRecreationalFearLabatAarhusUniversityinDenmark.“Welearnsomethingaboutthedangersoftheworld.Welearnsomethingaboutourownresponses:Whatdoesitfeelliketobeafraid?HowmuchfearcanItake?”Horrormovieshavegottenmorepopular.Andinonesurveyofmorethan1,000Americans,conductedbyClasen,55%describedthemselvesashorrorfans.36Manypeoplewhowouldnotconsiderthemselvesfansoffearenjoytrue-crimepodcastsandnovelsfeaturingviolenceandmurder.Othersmayenjoynaturedocumentariesabouttoppredators(捕食性动物)suchassharksandbears.Evenbabieslikebeingalittlespooked(惊的).Peek-a-boois“aninfantjumpscare,”Clasensaid.37“Idon’tthinkI’veyetcomeacrossapersonwhodidnotenjoysomekindofrecreationalfear,”hesaid.38Itisacombinationofanadrenaline(肾上腺素)rushandanopportunitytolearnaboutdealingwithscarysituationsinasafeenvironment,researcherssay.Whenweareafraid,ourendocrinesystemreleasesadrenaline,noradrenalineandcortisoltohelpprepareourbodyforphysicalaction.Weknowthe“Halloween”movieMichaelMyersisnotreal,butourbrainstillrespondsasifhewereaburningthreat.Onebrainimagingstudyfoundthatwatchinghorrormoviesactivatesthreat-responsebrainregionssuchastheamygdala(扁桃腺),prefrontalcortexandinsulaasifthedangerwerereal.Afterthisrush,manypeopleexperienceanupliftedmood.Onestudyexaminedhow262adultsfeltbeforeandaftertheyenteredanextremehauntedhouse.39Brainrecordingsbeforeandaftershowedthatthosewhosemoodimprovedhadasmallerneuralresponsetosubsequentstressors,whichisassociatedwiththepost-haunthigh.A．Sowhydowelikeit?B．Fiftypercentofpeoplesaidtheyfeltbetterafterthevisit.C．Andrecreationalfear,asitisrightlynamed,couldbenefitus,too.D．Playingwithfearhelpsuslearnwhatourbodydoesunderpressure.E．Horror,though,isnottheonlygenreofwhatpeoplefindscaryfun,hesaid.F．Wedefinerecreationalfearbroadlyasamixedemotionalexperienceoffearandenjoyment.G．Classicchildhoodgamesoftagandhide-and-seekarejustliketherealscenesofpredatorvs.prey.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。TheGrandCanalisavastwaterwaysysteminChina,runningfromBeijinginthenorthtoZhejiangprovinceinthesouth.Itstretchesfornearly3,200kilometersandpassesthrougheightofthecountry’sprovincesandmunicipalities.ListedasaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,thecanalisthelongestandoldestartificialriverintheworld.IthasplayedanimportantroleinensuringChina’seconomicprosperityandstability,andisinusetodayasamajormeansoftransportation.TheBeijingsectionoftheGrandCanalis82kmlong.Alongit,culturalrelicsandsitesonbothbanksareimportantsymbolsofcultureandareconsideredatoppriorityforprotectionbythelocalgovernment.Thecitygovernmenthasunveiledtwodevelopmentplans:thefirstisanimplementationplanfortheprotection,inheritanceandutilizationofthecanal’sculturalvalues;thesecondisaconstructionplanforbuildingaGrandCanal-themednationalculturalpark.Theplansetsupthreeimplementationmilestonesinthenextfiveyears