中国的核安全文化建设

中国的核安全文化建设

OverviewontheConstructionofNuclearSafetyCultureinChinaContents1-中国对核安全文化理念的吸收与发展

AbsorptionandDevelopmentofCulturalConceptsofNuclearSafetybyChina2-中国政府积极引导和推动核安全文化建设

ConstructionofNuclearSafetyCulturePromotedbytheChineseGovernment3-监管机构加强自身核安全文化建设CultivationofNuclearSafetyCulturewithintheRegulatoryBodyPart1中国对核安全文化理念的吸收与发展AbsorptionandDevelopmentofCulturalConceptsofNuclearSafetybyChina

国际原子能机构国际安全咨询组1986年提出“安全文化”后，中国积极吸纳入有关规章。如：

SinceINSAGproposed“safetyculture”in1986,Chinaadoptedtheconceptintorelatedregulations,E.g.

HAF001/02-1995《核设施的安全监督》Safetysupervisionofnuclearfacilities核安全监督员……向核设施营运单位及有关单位和人员宣传国家核安全政策和法规，并监督其执行法规和贯彻核安全文化的情况。Nuclearsafetyinspectors...publicizenationalnuclearsafetypoliciesandregulationstooperatorsofnuclearinstallationsandrelatedunitsandpersonnel,andsupervisetheirimplementationofregulationsandnuclearsafetyculture.HAF401-1997《放射性废物安全监督管理规定》Safetysupervisionandmanagementofradioactivewaste安全文化要求从事放射性废物管理的个人和组织对安全具有献身精神和责任感。负责放射性废物管理活动的领导和组织应建立和执行利于促进安全文化的制度和程序。Asafetyculturerequiresindividualsandorganizationsinvolvedinradioactivewastemanagementtobededicatedandaccountableforsafety.Leadersandorganizationsresponsibleforradioactivewastemanagementactivitiesshouldestablishandimplementsystemsandproceduresconducivetopromotingasafetyculture.随着核安全文化概念被工业界广泛接受，产生了诸多良好实践。Astheconceptofnuclearsafetyculturehasbeenwidelyacceptedbytheindustry,thenuclearpowerenterpriseshavealsodevelopedtheirnuclearsafetycultureandproducedmanygoodpractices.“凡事有章可循、凡事有人负责、凡事有人验证、凡事有据可查”Rulesmustbeinplace;linesofaccountabilitybeclear;verificationbeperformed,anddocumentationbeavailabletoreferto.核安全峰会

TheNuclearSecuritySummit强化核安全文化，营造共建共享氛围Stepping

up

the

culture

of

nuclear

security

and

creating

an

atmosphere

of

joint

efforts

andshared

benefits理性、协调、并进的核安全观arational,coordinatedandbalancedapproachtonuclearsecurity坚持培育和发展核安全文化foster

anddevelop

a

nuclear

security

culture强化核安全文化，营造共建共享氛围。加强国际核安全体系，人的因素最为重要。法治意识、忧患意识、自律意识、协作意识是核安全文化的核心，要贯穿到每位从业人员的思想和行动中，使他们知其责、尽其职。Steppingupthecultureofnuclearsecurityandcreatinganatmosphereofjointeffortsandsharedbenefits.Thehumanfactoristhemostimportantelementinthestrengtheningofglobalnuclearsecurityarchitecture.Theawarenessoftheruleoflaw,thesenseofurgency,andthespiritofself-disciplineandcoordinationarecentraltothenuclearsecurityculture.Assuch,everyoneworkinginthisfieldmustfollowtheirguidanceinthinkingandactionsothattheywillreadilyunderstandtheirresponsibilitiesandfulfilltheirduties.《核安全文化政策声明》

PolicyStatementonNuclearSafetyCulture核安全文化：各有关组织和个人达成共识并付诸实践的价值观和行为方式的总和NuclearSafetyCultureisthesummationofthevaluesandbehaviorsresultingfromacollectivecommitmentandputintopracticebyrelevantorganizationsandindividuals.八大特征8Features1.Safetyconceptandcommitmentofthedecision-makinglevel2.Attitudeandexemplaryroleofthemanagement3.Participationandresponsibilityconsciousnessoftheentirepersonnel4.Cultivationoflearningorganizations5.Establishmentofcomprehensiveandeffectivemanagementsystem6.Buildingofsuitableworkingenvironment7.Establishmentofquestioning,reportingandexperiencefeedbackmechanismsforsafetyproblems8.Creationofharmoniouspublicrelations法治强化

LegalStrength《核安全法》首次将核安全文化写入法律条文。Nuclearsafetycultureiscodifiedintonuclearsafetylaw第九条国家制定核安全政策，加强核安全文化建设。Article9TheStateformulatesnuclearsafetypolicies,strengthensnuclearsafetycultureconstruction.国务院核安全监督管理部门、核工业主管部门和能源主管部门应当建立培育核安全文化的机制。

Thenuclearsafetyregulatorydepartment,competentdepartmentfornuclearindustry,energycompetentdepartmentoftheStateCouncilshallestablishmechanismstocultivatenuclearsafetyculture.核设施营运单位和为其提供设备、工程以及服务等的单位应当积极培育和建设核安全文化，将核安全文化融入生产、经营、科研和管理的各个环节。

Theoperatingorganizationsofnuclearfacilitiesandthosewhichprovideequipment,engineeringandservices,etc.forthemshallactivelycultivateandconstructnuclearsafetyculture,integratenuclearsafetycultureintoeverylinkofproduction,operation,scientificresearchandmanagement.《核动力厂管理体系安全规定》对核安全文化建设要求进一步细化。DetailedrequirementsintheSafetyregulationsfornuclearpowerplantmanagementsystemPart2中国政府积极引导和推动核安全文化建设ConstructionofNuclearSafetyCulturePromotedbytheChineseGovernment核安全文化宣贯推进专项行动

Campaignonpropagationandimplement两个“全覆盖”FullCoverage覆盖全体持证单位

licensees覆盖所有骨干人员

employees两个“零容忍”

ZeroTolerance对弄虚作假零容忍

deceptions对违规操作零容忍

violations《核安全文化特征》

Featuresofnuclearsafetyculture统一对核安全文化良好特征的理解和认识Unifyingunderstanding核安全文化建设的指导

Guidenceforconstruction

适用于核电厂以及核设备、核技术利用、核燃料循环领域

NuclearPowerPlants,nuclearsafetyequipment,applicationsofradiationsources,fuelcycle

核安全文化评估参考文件

Referenceforassessment探索监督方法

ExploringSupervisionMethods将核安全文化的特征和属性纳入监督检查所发现问题的根本原因分析。Incorporatethecharacteristicsandattributesofnuclearsafetycultureintotherootcauseanalysisofnon-conformancesdiscoveredduringsupervisionandinspection以宣贯活动等形式督促被监管单位加强核安全文化建设。Helpinglicenseesstrengthentheconstructionofnuclearsafetyculturethroughpropagatingandimplementingaswellasotherforms对有关核设施开展核安全文化建设情况进行监督。Specificsupervisiononthesituationofnuclearsafetycultureincertainnuclearfacilities营造共建共享氛围

Co-buildingandSharing政府引领：能源主管部门出台指导意见要求加强核安全文化建设Governmentlevel:guidancestostrengthentheconstructionofnuclearsafetyculture

innuclearindustryissuedbythecompetentdepartmentofenergy企业作为：制定规划，建立制度，打造“863基本动作要领”等各具特色的核安全文化建设体系Licenseeslevel:Developpingplans,establishingsystems,andcreatinguniquenuclearsafetycultureconstructionsystemssuchas"863basicactionessentials"行业协同：协会组织核安全文化建设经验