考博英语模拟试卷243

考博英语模拟试卷243

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Newdatahasthatthedamagetotheozonelayerisnotconfinedtothesouthern

hemisphere.

A、ratified

B>confirmed

C、assured

D、approved

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题意为“新的数据证实臭氧层的破坏并不限于南半球confirm”证

实”符合题意，如：Pleaseconfirmyourtelephonemessagebywritingtome.（请给我

来封信，好进一步证实却在电话中传达的消息。Ratify”批准，许可"，assure“保

证”，approve"同意，赞成”都不正确.

2、Afterthestudentswereshotbythemilitaryduringademonstrationagainstthearmy

,thegirlstudentsdaredforthefirsttimetostayoutatnightonthestreetsto

picket.

A、control

B、ruling

C、government

D、regime

标准答案：D

知识点解析：哲无解析

3、IaskedmymotherifIcouldgoout,andshe.

A^descended

B、contented

C、consented

D、ascended

标准答案：C

知识点解析：descended意为“下降，遗传“；coniemed意为“满足的"；consented

为“同意ascended”攀登，上升”。本句话意思是：我问妈妈我是否能出去，她同

意了0C项符合题意。如：Hastheministerconsentedtohavehisspeechprinted?（部

长已同意印发他的讲话了吗?）

4、IcertainlygotstuckwhenIboughtthisraincoat;everytimeIgooutintherain,it

shrinkssomemore.

A、wascheated

couldn'tresistit.

C、gotagoodbargain

D、gotshocked

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Amonghumans,theeffectsofagingvaryfromoneindividualtoanother.Theaverage

lifeforAmericansisaround75years,almosttwicewhatitwasintheearly

1900s.

A^spectrum

B、expectation

C>expectancy

D、width

标准答案：C

知识点解析：（expectancy预期）。句意为：在人群中：衰老的影响因人而异。美国

人的平均预期寿命大约是75岁，差不多是20世纪初期的两倍。A.spectrum光

谱；B.expeclalion期望，期待；D.width广阔。

6、Thecharacterarmorconsistsofdefensivecharactertraits,likearroganceor

apprehensiveness,thatdevelopedinchildhoodtopainfulfeelings.

A、turnaside

B、wardoff

C^breadup

D、watchover

标准答案：B

知识点解析：tumaside避开，转过脸，使转变方向；wardoff挡开，避开，尽力避

免；bread叩无此用法，bread只能用作名词；walchover看守，监督。

7、Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,orwriting,whileothersatartor

basketball?

A、work

B、gaze

C^aim

D、excel

标准答案：D

知识点解析：work工作。gaze凝视。aim瞄准。excel优秀，胜过他人。

8、Hecouldhardlyhistemperwhenhesawthestateofhisoffice.

A、holdin

B、holdup

C、holdoff

D、holdout

标准答案：A

知识点解析:holdin约束，抑制；holdup举起,继续下去；holdoff拖延,不接

近；holdout伸出，提供，维持。

9、NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthe

spacecrafttoswingoutofcontrolandmomentsbeforeitwastoland.

A、disassemble

B、disembark

C^disintegrate

D、disinherit

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句意为“NASA在宇宙飞船调查方面撤下了一张更大的网，以调查

是什么原因使得太空船失去控制偏离轨道以及其着陆前的离心力矩disassemble

的意思是“分开"，disassemblemoments的意思是“离心力矩disembark的意思是

“（使）着陆“，用在此处会与后面的beforeitwastoland语义重复，并且没有

disembarkmoments这一表达方式;disintegrate的意思是“（使）分解”;disinherit的意

思是“剥夺继承权”。只有A项符合题意。

10、Communicatingorallyinvolvesmorethanreadingortalking:gesture,posture,

movementsmayallbetoit

A、intrinsic

B、coherent

C^appealing

D、submissive

标准答案：A

知识点解析：原句意思为：口头交流不只涉及阅读和谈话：手势、姿态和运动对于

口头交流都可能是。intrinsic意思为"beingpartofthenatureorcharacterof

someoneorsomething,\即“本质的，原有的”，在原句中指前面提到的现象都是口

头交流的本质特点；coherent为“连贯的，有条理的”，一般指谈话本身或文字：

appealing意为“有感染力的,吸引人的“，与句意不符；submissive"顺从的，任人摆

布的“，一般只用于人。所以只有inlrinsic符合题意。

11、Themotoristhadtotoavoidknockingtheoldwomandowninthemiddleof

theroad.

A、swerve

B、twist

C>depart

D、swing

标准答案：A

知识点解析：表示汽车突然转向要用swerve（突然转向，突然离开正路）。如：The

carswervedtoavoidthedog.小汽车为了避开这只狗急忙转向。

12、Hiswritingisso,obscure,andoverwroughtthatitisdifficulttomakeout

whatheistryingtosay.

A^dubious

B、diffuse

C、indifferent

D、accurate

标准答案：B

知识点解析：句意：他的文章冗赘晦涩过度紧张，使人很难弄清楚他想表达什么。

diffuse不简洁,冗赘的。dubious可疑的,不确定的。indifferent无关紧要的。

accurale正确的，精确的。

13、Inordertorepairbarns,buildfences,growcrops,andcareforanimalsafarmermust

indeedbe.

A^restless

B、skilled

C^strong

D^versatile

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从句意上看，versatile（通用的，万能的，多才多艺的，多面手的）符

合要求。如：aversatilewriter多才多艺的作家。

14、It'sstrangethatheshouldrefuseajobingovernmentauniversityappointment.

A、infavorof

B、atanadvantageof

C、inchargeof

D^inexcessof

标准答案：B

知识点解析：句意：奇怪的是他竟然会拒绝政府部门一项有利于日后委派他在大学

任职的工作。atanadvantageof'处于有利条件“：infavoro广支持，赞成“；incharge

0fM负责“；inexcessoF超过

15^Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunable

toofthebody.

A、dispense

B>dispose

C、discard

D、discharge

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句想说的是因为天亮了人们开始去上班，所以凶手无法处理尸体。

四个选项中dispense的意思是“分配，分发“；discard的意思是“丢弃，抛弃“；

discharge的意思是“卸货，放出只有dispose和of构成固定搭配，意思是“处

置，处理

16、IdecidedtogetintouchwithhimafterIreceivedhisletter.

A^promptly

B、quickly

C、hastily

D、urgently

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

17>WithoutBob'stestimony,evidenceofbriberyislackingandinthecasewill

beimpossible.

A、verdict

sentence

C、conviction

D、acquittal

标准答案：C

知识点解析：conviction判有罪，定罪；verdict一般指陪审团的裁决或截断当事人

是否有罪；senlence宣判，判决，发生在认定有罪之后；acquillal宣判无罪。

18、Itisnotaquestionofhewmuchamanknows,burwhatusehewhathe

knows.

A、makesfor

B、makesof

C、makesup

D、makesout

标准答案：B

知识点解析：makeuseof固定搭配，意为“利用”。本句的意思是问题不在于一个人

有多少知识，而在于他是如何利用他的知识。

19、Theneighborhoodboyslikeloplaybasketballonthatlot.

A^valid

B>vain

C、vacant

D、vague

标准答案：C

知识点解析：vacant空的，空闲的，符合题意。valid［法律］有效的；vain徒劳的，

无益的；vague含糊的，模糊的。句意：附近的男孩子们喜欢在那块空地.上打篮

球。

20、intheUnitedStates

A、Threeoutofeveryfourautomobileowners...alsoownabicycle

B、Outofeveryfour,threeautomobileowners...alsoownsabicycle

C、Threeoutofevery(burautomobileowners...ownsbicycles

D、Outofeveryfburownersofautomobiles...bicyclesarealsoownedbythree

标准答案：A“

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、ThepoetryofEzraPoundissometimesdifficulttounderstandbecauseitcontainsso

manyreferences.

A、obscure

acute

C^notable

D、objective

标准答案：A

知识点解析：obscure模糊不清的；acute敏锐的；急性的；notable值得注意的;

objective客观（上）的。句意：爱兹拉・庞德的诗有时很难懂，因为在他的诗中有相当

多令人费解的典故。

22、Agooddealoftheforhisachievementinthisfieldmustgotohis

supervisor,ProfessorFang.

A^credit

reputation

C^respect

D、praise

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说很多荣誉。A项“credit荣誉，功劳”符合题意。其他

三项“reputation名誉，名声；respect尊重；praise赞扬”都不正确。

23Telecommuting—substitutingthecomputerforthetriptothejob-hasbeen

asolutiontoallkindsofproblemsrelatedtoofficework.

A、hailedas

B、drawnout

C、borneout

D、lodgedin

标准答案：A

知识点解析：A项“hailedas把称作，被誉为”符合题意。其他三项“B项drawn

out拉长，伸长；C项borneout证明，证实，支持；D项lodgedin寄宿，存钱，存

放”都不正确。本题的空格处是说远程办公被称作是解决方案。因此A项为正确答

案。

24、Theareaiswithtrails,someaswideasboulevards,thathavebeencutand

maintainedbyelephants.

A、blackmailed

latticed

C>isolated

D、galloped

标准答案：C

知识点解析：C项“isolated隔离的“符合题意，如：Severalvillageshavebeen

isolatedbytheheavysnowfall.（好几个村庄因大雪与外界隔绝。）其他三项“A项

blackmailed勒索；B项lalliced装有格子的；D项galloped飞奔”都不正确。本题空

格处是说这片区域被一些小路隔开。因此C项为正确答案。

25、Howwellapersondependsjustasmuchonwhetherthey'reself-confident

asitdoesonparticularskillsandexpertise.

A、jumpsout

B、turnsout

C、coversup

D、turnsup

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考动词词组。句中asmuch...as表示“同...一样多的，跟...达到

同一程度"。jumpout是“跳出来”；turnout表示“证实；发觉是”，还可以表示“结

果，变得“；coverup是“掩盖，包庇，隐匿"；turnup是“发现，找到；出现“。比较

之下，B是正确选项，在句中表示“一个人结果会变得怎样”。

26、Theproblemseriousmoralandethicaldilemmasmuchmoreworthyof

considerationthanthoseofgeneticengineeringandthelike.

A、probes

B、poses

C^exposes

D、deports

标准答案：C

知识点解析：expose显露：probe细查，探究：pose引起，造成；deport将…驱逐出

境。

27、Clarkfeltthathisinoneofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofa'l

timewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

A、presentation

B>participation

C、apprehension

D、appreciation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：（participalion参与）。句意为：克拉克觉得他参加了一次有史以来最为

激动人心的医学实验，池经历的痛苦是值得的。A.presentation展示，描述；

C.appiehension理解,领悟；D.appreciation

28、AsdidhisSigmundFreud,AlbertEinstein,andHenryFord,ThomasEdison

profoundlytransformedtheWesternWorld.

A、contemporaries

B、part-owners

C、companions

D^accomplices

标准答案：A

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是contemporaries“同时代的人“；part—

owners“共有人"：companions“伙伴”；accomplices”同谋，帮凶旬意是：和他同

时代的人弗洛伊德、爱因斯坦、福特一样，爱迪生也深刻地改变了西方世界。所以

正确答案是A选项，如ShelleyandKeatswereconlemporaries（雪莱和济慈是同一时

代的人）。

29、Sheatthethoughtofbeingpartedfromherfamilyforsolong.

A、suffered

B、grieved

C、discriminate

D、scared

标准答案：B

知识点解析：suffered受苦；grieved悲伤，哀悼；discriminate辨别；scared使恐

惧。

30,Theworldleadersneedtotakeactionontheenergycrisisthatisbeforeour

eyes.

A、takingshape

B、takingeffect

C、takingapart

D、takingover

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题答案是A。A项takingshape意为“成型，形成”。其他三项词

义：takingeffect意为“起作用；见效"；taking即art意为“拆卸，拆开”；takingover

意为“占据；接任

二、阅读理解（本题共"7题，每题1.0分，共“7

分。）

Everydaydecisionsaremadethatinfluenceourlivesorbusinesses.Withmenand

womenoccupyingthesamespaceincorporateAmerican,theGlassCeilingisbursting

wideopen.Menbynaturewanttoconqueranddominateandalwayshave,butwomen

havearrivedonthescenewithfullforceandadifferentstylethatmensometimesfind

hardtounderstand.Womentendtotacklethematterathandbylookingforasequential

setofmaneuversthatwillhaveanoutcomeofawin/winsituation.Whydowe

communicatesodifferentlyandwhydowctendtobesovastlydissimilarwhenitcomes

tomakingdecisions?Whatcausesmentowanttoconquerandwomentohavetheneed

fororderandsequence?Myunclegavemeafunnyexampletheotherdayofhowmen

seewomen'sthoughtpatternswhenitcomestomakingdecisions.Ithoughtthatthis

insightwasagreatexampleofmenconqueringandwomenlookingforsequenceand

orderbeforetheytacklethematterathand.Here'swhathehadtosay:"Menruleby

action.Womenrulebycommittee.Forexample;Manseeshill,climbshill.Womansees

hill,formsdiscussiongroup,setsuphillclimbingcommittee,votesforhillclimbing

team,schedulesclimbdale,checksrainfallcharts,doesstudiestolocatebestpath,sends

outscouts,andmuch,inuch,much,muchlater...finallyclimbsthehill."Sowhatisthe

answertothequestionofourdifferences?Partoftheanswerisinthefactthatweare

bornchemicallydifferentandtheotherpartofthemysteryissolvedwhenwefactorin

theenvironmentthatwewereraisedin.Chemistryandenvironmenthavealottodowith

ourcommunicationskillsandthewaywemakedecisions.Wcbaseourcommunication

anddecisionmakingprocessmostlyfromthesubconsciousmind,whichrules83%ofour

actions.Oursubconsciousmindholdsnotonlyourvaluesystembutthebeliefswehave

aboutourselves.Learningtocelebrateourdifferencescanhelpbridgethegapthatholds

thetwosexesatadistanceandhelpstaveoffthefrustrationsthatmayoccurina

relationshipofanykind,whetheritisboss/employee,co-worker,orlifepartners.

Learningtocomprehendeachotherslanguagethroughstudyandobservationwillhelp

eachinvolvedpartytobetterunderstandthosearoundus.(395words)

31、Whatdoes"GlassCeiling"(Line2,Para.1)mean?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：指“歧视妇女、影响妇女提升的障碍”，

32^Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段第二句说：“在美国，男女在公司工作都享受同样的地位”，这

就说明妇女的社会地位提高了。

33、WhatisNOToneofthekeycausesofdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：“智商”在文章中没有提到过。

34、Whatdocstheunderlinedwordwhich"(Line3,Para.5)referto?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：原句是Webaseourcommunicationanddecisionmakingprocessmostly

fromthesubconsciousmind,whichrules83%ofouractionso以which弓I导的定语从

句除了指前面整个一句的内容外，还可以指离它最近的那个名词或名词短语。

35、Whatistherealpurposeoftheauthortowritethisarticle?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文章最后一段可以看出，本文的写作目的是让处于各种对立关系中

的人们能相互理解。

Atallageandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone."Weare

largelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyears

ago."Toone,fearofthedark,toanother,ofphysicalpain,tothird,ofpublicridicule,toa

fourth,ofpoverty,toloneliness...forallofusourparticularcreaturewailsinahidden

place."Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysical

changesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken,yourpupils

expandtoadmitmorelight,largequanti-ticsofenergyproducingadrenaline（肾上腺素）

arcpouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife­

savingflight（逃离）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fear

canforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionalto

thedangerathandthatisbecomesaproblem.Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerableto

fearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstrate

that,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosudden

fcar-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbed

maycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearful

responsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.Further,

psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeand

determineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafather

whoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimagination

andcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel.Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthis

ownabilitytosolveproblems.Phil'sdad,however,spentmostothistimetryingto

protecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremained

unhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."

Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

36、InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第一段最后一句中提到“toone,rearofthedark,toanother,of

physicalpain»toathirdofpublicridicule,toafourth,ofpoverty,toIoneliness（for

allofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace“。可见，"ourparticularcrcaturc^^

讲到的是一些担心害怕的事情。举了一些例子，如害怕黑暗，害怕身体的伤痛，公

众的嘲笑，贫穷、孤单等等，所以A项正确，B、C、D项都只是害怕的具体例

子，所以应该选A。

37、Fearcanbeusefulemotiontousbecauseitcan.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：变二段的第一句即本段的中心句，意思是说，恐惧通常是一个有用的

情绪。本段最后讲至『'Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-saving

flight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforce

youtotakeself・protective.“面对火灾和意外事故的时候，恐惧能够使我们自救并逃

离，同样地，当一种危险是心理上的而非身体的时候，恐惧能够迫使我们进行自我

保护。也就是说只有心理上的恐惧才能使我们产生自我保护的意识。A项的意思是

说“能够刺激我们的身体产生很多物理变化”符合文意，B、C、D项只是我们生理

的变化，所以本题的正确答案为A。

38、Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第二段"Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathand

thatitbecomesaproblem.”只有当恐惧和即将来临的危险不相称的时候，它就变成

了一个问题。因此，A项“只有当危险被认为比它实际更重大的时候，它就变成了

一个问题”是符合文意的，所以应该选A。

39、Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第三段中讲到，有些人比其他的人更容易受到恐惧的攻击，并以

刚出生的婴儿为例来说明原因。最后一句话对其中的原因进行了总结，“from

birth,heorsheismoretearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencyto

bemoresensitive.”从出生起，他或她有更多的可怕的反映，因为他或她己经被遗

传了一种更加敏感的恐惧倾向。可见，本题暗示了一些人与生俱来更容易受到危险

的影响，A项符合文章的意思，所以应该选A。

40、Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的答案在文章第四段，“psychologistsknowthatourearly

experiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”心理学家

认为我们早期的经历和关系形式强有力的塑造和决定了我们后来的恐惧情绪。D

项“早期经历”符合文章的意思，所以应该选D。

Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.She

wastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Was

thisingunmancruelty?Wasitlackoffeelingaboutone'sfellowman?"Notso/'say

scientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethe

reasonswhypeopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwosteps

beforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.Supposeyouseeamiddle-

agedmanfalltotheside-walk,ishehavingaheartattack?Isheinacomafromdiabetes?

Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?Isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakinthe

airconditioning?Isit"steampipes'*,Orisitreallysmokefromafire?It'snotalwayseasy

totellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,andmoreimportant,theperson

facedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemust

help,orthepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.Theresearchersfoundthatalotdepends

onhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobe"tested."Somecame

alone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.The

receptioniststartedthemoffonthe"tests."Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtain

dividedthe"testingroom'andtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentshearda

scream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandcryforhelp.AHofthishadbeenpre­

recordedonatapc-rccordcr.Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedto

help.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutofthetenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroup,

nonehelped.Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatothers

willact.They,themselves,needn't.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.Arepeople

botheredbysituationwherepeopleareintrouble?Yes,scientistsfoundthatthepeople

wereemotional,theysweated,theyhadtremblinghands.Theyfeltthatotherperson's

trouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractionswereshapedbythe

actionsofthosetheywerewith.

41、Thepurposeofthepassageis.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。从第三段和第五段最后一句话可知，本文主要讲述了人们在

何时才会去提供帮助。一是在他认为确实有紧急情况出现；二是只有自己一个人才

可以提供帮助才会帮助别人，因而选B。

42、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

标准答案：C

知识点解析•：文章中并未提到，人们在给他人提供帮助时，需要对他人的安全负全

部责任。

43、Theresearchershaveconductedanexperimenttoprovethatpeoplewillactin

emergencieswhen.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：推断题。从第七、八段可知，当只有一个人出现在紧急状况周围时，

他帮助的可能性最大，这种可能性是80%。

44、Themainreasonwhypeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogetheristhat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。从第八段"Americansoftenfailtoact...Theydonotfeelany

directresponsibility”可推知D为正确答案。

45、Theauthorsuggeststhat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：归纳题。从最后一段可知，作者认为当人们面临紧急状况而没有援之

以手时，并不是他们无心提供帮助，而是他们的行为被周围的人极大地影响着，因

而应选A。

Neverhasastraitjacketseemedsoill-fittingorsoinsecure.TheEuroarea's"stabilityand

growthpact"wassupposedtostopirresponsiblememberstatesrunningexcessivebudget

deficits,definedas3%ofGDPormore.Chiefamongtherestraintswasthethreatof

largefinesifmembergovernmentsbreachedthelimitforthreeyearsinarow.Forsome

timenow,noonehasseriouslybelievedthoserestraintswouldhold.Intheearlyhoursof

TuesdayNovember25th,theEuro'sfiscalstraitjacketfinallycameapartattheseams.

Thepact'sfatewassealedoveranextendeddinnermeetingoftheEuroarea's12finance

ministers.TheychewedoverthesorryfiscalrecordoftheEuro'stwolargestmembers,

FranceandGermany.Bothgovernmentsrandeficitsofmorethan3%ofGDPlastyear

andwilldosoagainthisyear.Bothexpecttobreachthelimitforthethirdtimein2004.

EarlierthisyeartheEuropeanCommission,whichpolicesthepact,agreedtogiveboth

countriesanextrayear,until2005,tobringtheirdeficitsbackintoline.Butitalso

instructedthemtorevisittheirbudgetplansfor2004andmakeextracuts.Francewas

askedtocutitsunderlying,cyclicallyadjusteddeficitbyafull1%ofGDP,Germanyby

1.8%.Bothresisted.Underthepact'shales,thecommission'sprescriptionshavenoforce

untilformallyendorsedinavolebytheEuroarea'sfinanceministers,knownasthe

"Eurogroup".Andthevotesweresimplynotthere.Instead,theEurogroupagreedonaset

ofproposalsofitsown,drawnupbytheItalianfinanceminister,GiulioTremonti.France

willcutitsstructuraldeficitby1.8%ofGDPnextyear.Germanyby0.6%.In2005,both

willbringtheirdeficitsbelow3%,economicgrowthpermitting.Nothingwillenforceor

guaranteethisagreementexceptFranceandGermany'sword.TheEuropeanCentral

Bank(ECB)wasalarmedatthisoutcome,thecommissionwasdismayed,andthesmaller

Euro-areacountrieswhoopposedthedealwereapoplectic:treatylawwasgivingwayto

the''Franco-Germansteamroller",asLeFigaro,aFrenchnewspaper,putit.Thisanger

willsourEuropeanpoliticsandmayspilloverintonegotiationsonaproposedEU

constitution.Havingthrowntheirweightaroundthisweek,FranceandGermanymay

findothersmallermembersmorereluctantthanevertogivegroundinthenegotiationson

thedocument.TheEU'smidsizedcountriesalsohopetocapitalizeonthisressentiment.

Spainopposesthedraftconstitutionbecauseitwillgiveitsubstantiallylessvotingweight

thanitcurrentlyenjoys.ItsidedagainstFranceandGermanyonTuesday,andwillpoint

totheirfiscaltransgressionstoshowthattheEU*sbigcountriesdonotdeservetheextra

powertheproposedconstitutionwillgivethem.

46、Thetextismainlyabout

标准答案：C

知识点3析：题干问：“这篇文章主要讲述了……”，此题考察本文的中心，正确选

项为C“欧盟在解决财政赤字时的进退两难”。而选项A”实施欧盟的规定”，选项

B”某些欧盟成员国对于赤字的虚假报告”和选项D“实施欧盟的金融政策”，虽然在

文中部分提及，但都不是文章的中心。

47、ThefateoftheEurogroup'sprescriptionsismanifestedinthefactthatFranceand

Germany

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题干问：“欧盟规定的命运在事实中表现出来，这一事实是法国和德

国……正确选项为A“拒绝遵从它的规定”，此题定位于第2自然段，且第3自

然段也讲到了这一点。而选项B”反对一些小国家”，选项C“重新考虑它们的财政

赤字”和选项D“将财政赤字降到限额内”都不符合题干的要求。

48、Theexpression"Thisoutcome"(Paragraph3)meansthat

标准答案：D

知识点解析:题干问：“这个表达叮hisoutcome，的意思是……正确选项为D“这

个协议不可能得到保证”，这是一个语境的归纳题，定位在第3自然段。而选项

A“一些新的建议将会受到欢迎”，选项B“小国家反对这个做法”和选项C“某些限制

正在失去效用”都不是这个表达在上下文的含义。

TogetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmore

thantwodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvillagersworkingandreadingaroundbattery-

poweredlampsequippedwithlight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs-thesamelampshehadleft

therein2000.Irvine-Halliday,anAmericanphotonicsengineer,wasnotsurprised.He

chosetouseLEDbulbsbecausetheyarerugged,portable,long-lived,and,extremely

efficient.Eachofhislampsproducesausefulamountofilluminationfromjustonewatt

ofpower.Villagersusethemaboutfourhourseachnight,thentopoffthebatteryby

pedalingageneratorforhalfanhour.Thecool,steadybeamisahugeimprovementover

lampsstillcommonindevelopingcountries.Infact,LEDshavebigadvantagesover

familiarincandescent(白炽的)lightsaswell-somuchsothatIrvine-Hallidayexpects

LEDswilleventuallytakeoverfromThomasEdison'soldlightbulbastheworld'smain

sourceofartificialillumination.ThedawnofLEDsbeganabout40yearsago.butearly

LEDsproducedredorgreenglowssuitablemainlyfordisplaysindigitalclocksand

calculators.Adecadeago,engineersinventedasemiconductorcrystalmadeofan

aluminumcompoundthatproducedamuchbrighterredlight.Aroundthesametime,a

JapaneseengineerdevelopedthefirstpracticalblueLED.Thissmalladvancehadahuge

impactbecauseblue,green,andredLEDscanbecombinedtocreatemostofthecolors

oftherainbow,justasthatinacolortelevisionpicture.Thesedays,high-intensitycolor

LEDsareshowingupeverywheresuchasthetrafficlights.Thereasonsfortherapid

switchoveraresimple.Incandescentbulbshavetobereplacedannually,butLEDtraffic

lightsshouldlastfivetoyenyears.LEDsalsouse80to90percentlesselectricitythan

theconventionalsignalstheyreplace.Collectively,thenewtrafficlightssaveatleast400

millionkilowatt-hoursayearintheUnitedStates.MuchbiggersavingsawaitifLEDs

cansupplantMr.Edison'sbulbattheofficeandinthelivingroom.Creatingawhite-light

LEDthatisenergy-saving,cheapandappealinghasprovedatoughengineering

challenge.Butallthemajorlightbulbmakers-includingGeneralElectric,Philips,and

Osram-Sylvania-areteamingupwithsemiconductormanufacturerstomakeithappen.

49、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanseethatDaveIrvine-Halliday.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第一段说，当哈利德到达尼泊尔遥远的小村庄时，他发现村民们

正用他留给他们的发光二极管的灯来工作和学习。

50、TheauthorimpliesthatvillagerslikedLEDbulbsverymuch,becausethey.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这是一道引申判断题。第二段提到，村民们每晚用电4个小时，然后

用脚踏的方式来给电池充电。可以想象，在一个遥远的小村庄，这可能是最理想的

充电方式了。

51、WhatdoesIrvine-HaltidaythinkofLEDs?

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：第二段接着说，发光二极管比爱迪生的白炽灯具有更大的优越性，所

以哈利德期待它能取代白炽灯成为世界的主要人造光源。

52、Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotagreewiththefactsinthepassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道细节题。第三段说，10年前一位日本工程师研制出了蓝色

发光二极管，这个小小的进展具有极大的影响，因为蓝、绿、红是组成彩虹的主要

颜色。

53、Thepassageimpliesthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这道题需要分析判断。最后一段说，研制出节能、廉价、美观的白色

发光二极管是一个艰巨的挑战。再联想到文章前面提到，美国的交通指示灯换上了

节能耐用的二极管，而发展中国家还都在用白炽灯。那么新能源的症结就是不廉

价，这一判断与A项相符。

Ifyouareafanofsciencefiction,you'venodoubtencounteredthetermnanotechnology,

Yetoverthepastyearalso,aseriesofbreakthroughshavetransformednanotcchfrom

sci-fifantasyintoareal-world.Appliedscience,andintheprocess,inspiredhuge

investmentsbybusiness,academia,andgovernment.Inindustriesasdiverseashealth

care,computers,chemicals,andaerospace,nanolechisoverhaulingproduction

techniques,resultinginnewandimprovedproducts,someofwhichmayalreadybein

yourhomeorworkplace.Theinspirationfornanotechgoesbacktoa1959speechbythe

latephysicistRichardFeynman,thenaprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteof

Technology,titled"There'sPlentyofRoomattheBottom."Fourdecadeslater,Chad

Mirkin,aChemistryprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity's$34millionnanotech

center,usedananoscaledevicetoetchmostofFeynman'sspeechontoasurfacethesize

ofabout10tobaccosmokeparticles.Whataccountsforthesuddenaccelerationof

nanotechnology?Akeybreakthroughcamein1990,whenresearchersatIBM'sAlmaden

ResearchCentersucceededinrearrangingindividualatomsatwill.Usingadeviceknown

asascanningprobemicroscope,theteamslowlymoved35atomstospellthethrcc-lcttcr

IBMlogo,thusprovingFeynmanfight.TheentireLogowaslessthanthreenanometers.

Soon,scientistswerenotonlymanipulatingindividualatomsbutHspraypainting"with

themaswell.Usingatoolknownasamolecularbeamepitaxy,scientistshavelearnedto

createultrafinefilmsofspecializedcrystals,builtuponemolecularlayeratatime.This

isthetechnologyusedtodaytobuildread-headcomponentsforcomputerharddrives.

Thenextstageinthedevelopmento