考博英语模拟试卷236

考博英语模拟试卷236

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Inmostcountries,themetricsystemhasbeenforallmeasurement.

A^admitted

B、adapted

C、applied

D^adopted

标准答案：D

知识点解析：admil意为“接受"；adapt意为“适应，适合，改编"；apply表示“实

施，应用“；adopt表示“采用，采纳”。比较词义，D项符合句子含义，为正确答

案。

2、Thetwopharmaceuticalcompaniescollaboratedindevelopingnewdrugsto

thepainofpatientsintheterminalstagesofcancer.

A、alleviate

B、confront

C^insulate

D、terminate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：各项的意思是:alleviate减轻,缓解，缓和；confront勇敢地面对,

正视；insulate使绝缘,使隔离；terminate结束，使终结。根据句意判断,答案是

Ao

3、Theverybiggestandmostmurderouswarsduring(heindustrialagewereintra-

industrial-warsthatSecondWavenationslikeGermanyandBritainagainstone

another.

A、pitted

B、drove

C^kept

D、embarked

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、Fewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesame

field,thesamecompany.

A、allelse

B、muchworse

C、lesslikely

D^letalone

标准答案：D

知识点解析：letalone意思是noltomention更不必说，Thebabycan'tevenwalk,

letaloneran.婴儿连走都不会，更别说跑了。alleke所有其他的；muchworse糟

糕得多；lesslikely较少可能，此三项选择都与本题不符。

5、Shegotveryangryandherclothesaboutintheroom.

A^flung

B>flew

C、clamped

D^clashed

标准答案：A

知识点解析：nung是fling的过去式，抛，掷，扔；flew是fly的过去式，飞翔，

飘扬；clamped夹住,夹紧；clashed猛撞,冲击。

6、Theconversationwassointerestingthatwewereofthelatenessofthehour.

A、generous

B、credulous

C、gorgeous

D、oblivious

标准答案：D

知识点解析：（oblivious忘却的）。句意为：谈话很有趣，以致于我们忘记时间已经

很晚了。A.generous慷慨的;B.credulous轻信的；D.gorgeous豪华的。

7^Somelinguistsbelievethattheageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis

5to8.

A、optimistic

B、optional

C^optimal

D、oppressed

标准答案：C

知识点解析:optimal最佳的,optimistic乐观的,optional可选择的、随意的，

oppressed受压抑的。

8、Theyoungmanwhosawthecarintotherivertelephonedthepolice.

A、plunged

B、plunge

C^wasplunging

D^toplunge

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、Hewasconcernedonlywithmundanematters,especiallythedailystockmarket

quotations.

A^rational

B、obscure

C、worldly

D、eminent

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

10>Inancienttimes,somecatastrophicextinctionofspeciesoccurred,butsuch

catastropheswerecomparativelyrare.

A、sequentially

repeatedly

C、naturally

D^intentionally

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、(Few)schools(takeadvantagesof)thevastclassroom(of)theoutdoorstoteachthe

thingsthatreally(matter).

A^Few

B、takeadvantagesof

C、of

D、matter

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、TheimpactofThoreau'sOntheDutyofCivilDisobediencemightnothavebeenso

farreachingforElizabethPeabody,whodaredtopublishthecontroversialessay.

A、itnotbeing

ifithasnotbeen

C、ifitwerenot

D、haditnotbeen

标准答案：D

知识点解析：对过去发生事情的虚拟。haditnotbccn=ifithadn'tbeen.

13、Istherenotowhatyoupropose?

relationship

B、relevance

C、alternative

D^alternation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、Ilcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassageexpectsthattheexperienceofthe

studentmentionedashavingstudiedWileintheRightwouldhaveoneofthefollowing

effects.Thatis.

A>ItwouldleadthestudenttodisregardinformationfoundintheBibliotheca

Britannica.

B、Itwouldteachthestudenttoquestiontheaccuracyofcertainkindsofinformation

sourceswhenstudyingneglectedauthors.

C、Itwouldteachthestudenttoavoidtheuseofreferencesourcesinstudyingneglected

authors.

D、Itwouldenhancethestudent'sappreciationoftheworksofauthorsnotincludedin

thecanon.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：explicil明确的。句意：教授对全班进行了明确的指导，好让每位学

生知道如何在实验室做这个试验。B.affliclive折磨人的；C.aulhoritative有权威

的，官方的；D.oblivious忘却的，健忘的。

15、Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthe"particularpedagogicalpurpose"mentioned

inparagraph3?

A^Tominimizethetrivialaspectsofthetraditionalscholarlymethodscourse.

B、ToprovidestudentswithinfbnnationaboutGriffith'swork.

C、Toencouragescholarlyrigorinstudents'ownresearch.

D^ToreestablishGriffith'sreputationasanauthor.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：falloff下降，跌落，句意：过了一些时候，航天飞机的第二级由于用

光了燃料，就像助推器，脱开然后落下。A.runaway潜逃，私奔，失去控制；

D.chargefor收费，要'介；D.mergeinto合并成。

16、Thepatientisnotingoodcondition,sodonotyourvisit,

lengthen

B、delay

C、extend

D^prolong

标准答案：D

知识点解析：lenglhen意为“延长（一般指长度广；delay意为“延迟”；exlend意为“扩

充,延伸“；prolong意为“拖延”。木句话意思是：病人的情况不太好，所以不要拖

延探望时间oD项符合题意，如：Thedelegationdecidedtoprolongtheirvisitbyone

week.（代表团决定把访问延长一个星期）。

17、Ihadtostandinaforhourstogetticketsforthefilm.

A、queue

B、file

C、tail

D、process

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、Recentstudieshaveidentifiedfourmajorglobalenvironmentalrisks-acidrain,

ozonedepletion,deforestationandthegreenhouseeffect.

A、recognized

B、proved

CNgotridof

D、multiplied

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、rdjustdoassoonasyoutheresearchyourself

A^do

B、willdo

C、woulddo

D、did

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、Inthenorthofthecountry,thesunalwaysshinesthevastprairielandin

summer.

A、brightlyon

B、brighton

C、brightin

D、brightlyin

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说明亮的阳光总是照在大草原上。shineontheprairie的

意思是“照在草原上“，副词brightly在此处修饰动词shine,因此A项为止确答

案。

21、Thechancesoffindinghimweresothattheygaveupthesearch.

A、remote

abnormal

C、negative

D、invisible

标准答案：A

知识点解析；remote遥远的，偏僻的，疏远的；（可能性）极少的，^>1；Tmafraid

yourchancesofsuccessareratherremote.我恐怕你成功的机会相当渺茫。abnormal

反常的，不正常的；negative否定的；反面的；消极的；invisible看不见的，无形

的。句意：找到他的可能性非常渺茫，所以他们放弃了寻找。

22、Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnicallyto

constructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

A^practical

B、flexible

C、feasible

D、beneficial

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题中，C项feasible”可行的，切实可行的:符合题意，如：Hisstory

soundsfeasible.他讲的似乎有理。其他三项practical”实际的，实践的“；

flexible“柔韧性，易曲的，灵活的“：beneficial“有益的，受益的”都不正确。

23、Mariowasawardedthemedalfordisplayingprofessionalofthehighest

orderintherescueattemptstwoweeksago.

A^solution

B、supervision

C^intelligence

D^competence

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

,

24NInitiallyhisbookdienotreceivemuchattention,buttwoweeksafterthecritics

reviewappearedinthenewspapers,itclimbedtothebestsellers'list.

A、Atfirst

Firstofall

C、Atfirstsight

D、Fromthefirst

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空格处的意思是：最初，他的书并没有得到太多的注意，但批评家的

批评出现在报纸上两个星期后，它爬到了最畅销书的名列。划线单词initially的意

思是“最初，开头各选项的意思是：atfirst“最初"；firstofall“首先"；atfirst

sight“首先”；fh)mthefirst”从头,自始

25、AHthatdaynayfatherwasinashehadlosthiswallet.

A、greatanxiety

B、ambition

C、illhumour

D、hospitality

标准答案：C

知识点解析：illhumour表示“心情不佳"；greatanxiety表示“非常担心，忧心忡

忡"；ambition意为“野心”；hospitality意为“好客句意:由于父亲丢失了钱包，

所以一整天他都心情不佳。

26、Scientistswilthavetonewmethodsofincreasingtheworld'sfoodsupplyin

ordertofeedmorehungrypeople.

A^catchupwith

B、comeupwith

C、keepupwith

D、putupwith

标准答案：B

知识点解析：（comeupwith提出）。句意为：科学家们必须提出增加世界粮食供应

的新方法，以便养活更多饥饿的人。A.catchupwith赶上；C.keepupwith跟

上；D.putupwith忍受。

27、Whateverthequestionshereallywantedtoaskatthereprocessingplant,though,he

wouldneverallowhispersonalfeelingstowithanassignment.

A^interrupt

B、bother

C、interfere

D^intervene

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查同义词的辨析°A项interruptwith表示“打岔,打断（说

话）“；B项botherwith表示“为...操心”；C项interferewith表示“妨碍或扰乱”;D

项iniervene表示“调停，干涉”。四个词虽然都有打扰的意思，但是侧重点各有不

同。句子的意思是“他不允许自己的个人感情妨碍要完成的任务“，所以C是正确

答案。

28、Hehasneverworriedabouthispropertiesbecausehehasthemagainst

disastersandtheft.

A、assured

B、ensured

C>insured

D、secure

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题答案是C。C项的意思是：insure保证，保险。其他各项的意思

是：assure向...保证,使放心；ensure担保，确保;secure使安全。

29、"Theysaidwhatwealwaysknew.'*Saidanadministrationsource,

A、heaskednottobenamed

B、whoaskednottobenamed

C、whuaskednotbenamed

D、whoaskednotnamed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：句子大意为：“他们说的都是我们已经知道的，“一位不愿意透露姓

名的当局人士说道。本题考查非限制性定语从句以及动词不定式的否定形式做主

语补足语的用法，B项为正确完整的形式。所以，正确答案是B。

30Thegovernmentwilprosecutethoseindividualswhounlawfully

possessmaterial.

A、classified

B、bizarre

C^personal

D^legitimate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：句子大意：政府将起诉那些非法占有——材料的人。分析各个选项，

找出符合句意的项。A项classified”分类的;类别的；机密的”;B项bizarre“古怪

的，奇怪的“；C项personal“个人的，身体的，亲自的“；D项legitimate”合法的，

正当的，合理的”。将各选项代人，只有A项符合题意，因此本题选择A。

二、阅读理解（本题共735题，每题7.0分，共735

分。）

Inrecentyears,manyAmericansofbothsexesandvariousageshavebecomeinterested

inimprovingtheirbodies.Theyhavebecomedevotedtophysicalfitness.Theneedto

exercisehasalmostbecomecompulsivewithmanypersonswhohaveastrongdesireto

bemorephysicallyfit.Bynature,Americansareenthusiasticandenergeticabouttheir

hobbiesandpastimes.Theyapplythisenthusiasm,andenergytojogging/running.Asa

result,therearerunningclubstojoinandmanybooksandmagazinestoreadabout

running.Thedesiretobephysicallyfitisexplainedbya"passion"forgoodhealth.The

highrateofheartattacksinthe1960scausedanincreaseonthepartofthepublicin

improvingthehumanbody.Middle-agedmenespeciallysufferfromheartattacks.Thus,

theyareonegroupstronglyinterestedinmorephysicalexercise.Infact,manydoctors

encouragetheirpatientstobecomemorephysicallyactive,especiallythosewhohave

sedentaryjobs.Itisinterestingtonotethattherateofheartattacksbegantodecreasein

the1970sanditisstilldecreasing.Physicalfitnesscurrentlyenjoysafavoredroleinthe

UnitedStates.Itisanew"love"thatmanyAmericanshavecherished.Willitlastlong?

Onlytimewilltelloruntilanother"newpassion"comesalong.

31、Inrecentyears,manyAmericanshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodies

because.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目要求回答，近年来许多美国人为何热衷于改进体质。第一段最后

一句话解释了这一原因。B项为正确答案。

32、ThepassageimpliesthatisagreatfavoriteofmanyAmericans,menand

women,oldandyoung.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从文中第二段可知，美国人生来就喜欢消遣和有嗜好。他们热衷于慢

跑，结果各种慢跑俱乐部和慢跑运动书刊到处都有。

33、Middle-agedmensufferingfromheartattacks.

标准答案：c

知识点葡析♦：由第四段第一、二句可知正确答案为C项。

34、Inthesentence"Infact,manydoctorsencouragetheirpatientstobecomemore

physicallyactive,especiallythosewhohavesedentaryjobs",theword"sedentary"means

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据上下文理解词义。只有B项符合题意。

35、Accordingtothepassage,willtheloveforphysicalexerciselastlongfor

Americans?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从最后一段的“Onlytimecantell”可知D项为正确答案。

Thelastdecadehasseenatremendousexpansionofscientificknowledgeinhuman

genetics.Ourunderstandingofhumangenesandofthegeneticbasisofdiseasehas

growndramatically.Currently,morethan4,000diseasesareknowntobegeneticandare

passedoninfamilies.Moreover,itisnowknownthatalterationsinourgenesplayarole

insuchcommonconditionsasheartdisease,diabetes,andmanytypesofcancer.The

identificationofdisease-relatedgeneshasledtoanincreaseinthenumberofavailable

geneticteststhatdetectdiseaseoranindividual'sriskofdisease.Newtestsarebeing

developedtodetectcoloncancer,breastcancer,andotherconditions.Scientistsare

concernednotonlythatgenetestsofferedarereliable,butalsothatpatientsandheahh

careprofessionalsunderstandthelimitationsofsuchtesting.Thedisclosureoftestresults

couldinflictpsychologicalharmtoapatientifsafeandeffectiveinterventionsarenot

alsoavailable.Genetestinginvolvesexaminingaperson'sDNA-takenfromcellsina

sampleofbloodor,occasionally,fromotherbodyfluidsortissues-forsomeanomaly

thatflagsadiseaseordisorder.Inadditiontostudyinggenes,genetictestinginabroader

senseincludesbiochemicaltestsforthepresenceorabsenceofkeyproteinsthatsignal

aberrantgenes.Themostwidespreadtypeofgenetictestingisnewbornscreening.Each

yearintheUnitedStates,fourmillionnewborninfantshavebloodsamplestestedfor

abnormalormissinggeneproducts.Sometestslookforabnormalarrangementsofthe

chemicalbasesinthegeneitself,whileothertestsdetectinbornerrorsbyverifyingthe

absenceofaproteinthatthecellneedstofunctionnormally.Carriertestingcanbeused

tohelpcouplestolearniftheycarry-andthusriskpassingtotheirchildren.Genetic

tests-biochemicalandDNA-based-alsoarewidelyavailablefbrtheprenataldiagnosisof

conditionssuchasDownsyndrome.Muchofthecurrentexcitementingenetesting

centersonpredictivegenetesting:teststhatidentifypeoplewhoareatriskofgettinga

disease,beforeanysymptomsappear.Testsarealreadyavailableinresearchprograms

forsometwodozendiseases,andasmorediseasegenesarcdiscovered,moregenetests

canbeexpected.Testsfbrafewrarecancersarealreadyinclinicaluse.Predictivegene

testsfbrmorecommontypesofcancerarestillprimarilyaresearchtool,difficultto

executeandavailableonlythroughresearchprogramstosmallnumbersofpeoplewho

haveastrongfamilyhistoryofdisease.Butthefieldofgenetestingisevolvingrapidly,

withnewgenesbeingdiscoveredalmostdailyandinnovationsintestingarrivingalmost

asquickly.

36、Scientistsarguethatthegenetictestingisnotperfectpartlybecause.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道细节考察题。在文中第2段第3行中：一些科学家不仅担心

所提供的基因测试是否可靠，而且担心病人和卫生保健专业人员是否意识到基因测

试的局限性。我们得知科学家有两方面的担心，因此可以理解为科学家认为测试并

不完美。一是担心测试的可靠性，二是担心测试结果有可能对病人造成不良影响。

因此根据原文信息我们选择C为正确答案。

37、Theword"aberrant*'inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第3段简要介绍了基因测试的原理。检验DNA的日的是寻找标志着

疾病或紊乱的反常现象。我们可以得知测试的途径就是检验标志疾病或紊乱等不正

常的现象o后文提到的keyproteinsthatsignalaberrantgenes中，signal与前文中的

flags是并列结构，所以判断aberranigenes指的是“存在缺陷的、不正常的基因”，

也就是选项A中unheallhy（不健康）的意思。

38、Howdoesthenewbornscreeningtestwork?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中第4段介绍了这一最为普遍的基因测试，举了两个例子。由第一

个例子和第2个例子可排除A、B选项。从文章第3段“takenfromcellsinasample

ofbloodor,occasionally,fromotherbodyfluidsortissues”得知血液是体液的一种,

因此由文章第4S^fourmillionnewborninfantshavebloodsamplestested”可判断C

是正确选项。

39、Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：最后一段的大意是：有的基因测试已用于临床，而有的还在研究阶

段。但是基因测试的前景是光明的。由最后一句话可推测出D“作者对于基因测试

的发展很乐观”是正确答案。

40>Thepassageisintendedto.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道主旨大意题。B只是文中提到基因测试时举出的一点，并不

说明本义的中心大意一关于基因测试的一些问题，如测试原理、相关学科、测试

类型以及发展前景。C将事物的发展顺序颠倒了。D说得过于笼统不够具体，不如

A有针对性。因此答案是A“使读者对基因测试有一个更好的理解”。

AndresearcherssaythatlikethoseliteraryromanticsRomeoandJuliet,theymaybe

blindtotheconsequencesoftheirquestsforanidealizedmatewhoservestheirevery

physicalandemotionalneed.Nearly19in20never-marriedrespondentstoanational

surveyagreethat"whenyoumarryyouwantyourspousetobeyoursoulmate,firstand

foremost",accordingtotheStateofOurUnions:2001studyreleasedWednesdayby

RutgersUniversity.DavidPopenoe,aRutgerssociologistandoneofthestudy'sauthors,

saidthatviewmightspelldoomformarriages."Itreallyprovidesaveryunrealisticview

ofwhatmarriagereallyis,"Popenoesaid."Thestandardbecomessohigh,it'snoteasyto

bailoutifyoudidn'tfindasoulmate."Thesurveypointstoafundamentaldilemmain

whichyoungerpeoplewantmorefromtheinstitutionofmarriagewhiletheyseemingly

areunwillingtomakethenecessarycommitments.Thesurveyalsosuggeststhatsome

respondentsexpecttoomuchfromaspouse,includingthekindofemotionalsupport

renderedbysame-sexfriends.Theauthorsofthestudyalsosuggestthatthegeneration

thatwaspolledmaymorequicklyleaveamarginbecauseofinfidelitythanpast

generations.Popenoesaidthepoll,conductedbytheGalluporganization,isthefirstof

itskindtoconcentrateonpeopleintheir20s.Atotalof1,003marriedandsingleyoung

adultsnationwidewereinterviewedbytelephonebetweenJanuaryandMarch.The

marginoferrorwasplusorminusfourpercentagepoints.Respondentssaidthey

eventuallywanttogetmarried,realizeit'salotofworkandthinktherearetoomany

divorces.Theybelievethereisonerightpersonforthemouttheresomewhereandthink

theirownmarriageswon'tendindivorce.Sincethepollisthefirstofitskind,researchers

sayitisimpossibletosayifexpectationsaboutmarriagearechangingorstatic.But

scholarssaythesearchforsoulmateshasincreasedoverthelastgeneration-andthelast

century—asmarriagehasbecomeaninstitutioncenteringonromanceratherthanutility,

"onehundredyearsago,peoplemarriedforfinancialreasons,fortyingfamiliestogether,

theymarriedforpoliticalreasons,"saidJohnDcLamatcr,asociologistattheUniversity

ofWisconsin."Andmostpeoplehadchildren."Thoseconditionsarenolongerthecase

foryoungadultslikeDavidAsher,a24-year-oldwaiterinaTrentoncafewhohasbeen

inarelationshipforabouttwoyears.Hewantstowaitiomakesurehe'sreadyto

exchangevows."Iknowalotofithastodowithfinancialreasons,"hesaid."Maybeif

you'regoingtohavechildren,marriageisthebestbet."Butthemainreasonfor

matrimony:"Ifyou'reinlovewithsomeone,it'ssortoflikepromisingtothemyouarein

love.""That'sallwellandgood,"saidHeatherHelms-Erikson,anassistantprofessorof

humandevelopmentandfamilystudiesattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaat

Greensboro."Butpassion—partlyinendorphin-causedphysiologicalphenomenon—has

beenknowntodiminishintime."

41、What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题中，B、C两项与文章的意思相反；D项与文章的意思不相符。

从文中第一段可知，像RomeoandJuliet一样，追求浪漫的人可能对他们追寻理想

伴侣的结果是盲目的。后文指出了这种浪漫婚姻的不切实际。

42、Thenewstudyinthispassageshowsthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：A项中说“许多美国人在寻找伴侣时是很实际的”，与文意相反，C、

D两项在文中并没有提到。

43、Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthe

followingstatementsregardingmarriage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题四个选项中作者对于婚姻最可能同意的观点是C项，即这一代

的年轻人很追求婚姻中的浪漫。而过去的人结婚更多的是为实用考虑。

44>Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthedifferencesbetweenthisgenerationandthe

pastgenerationsasfarasmarriageisconcerned?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题中，C项与文章第十段的意思不符；D项与文章第十一、十二段

的意思不符。从文中的“Butscholarssaythesearchforsoulmateshasincreasedover

thelastgeneration—andthelastcentury-asmarriagehasbecomeaninstitutioncentering

onromanceratherthanutility.”可知，上一代和这一代都追求灵魂的伴侣，所以B

项不是两代人之间的区别，A项是两者的区别。因此正确答案为B。

45、WhichofthefollowingsentenceswillHeatherHehns-Erikonusetoillustrateher

ownargument?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题中，A、B、C三项都与Erikson的观点不符。从文章最后一段可

知，Erikson说激情这种生理现象会随着时间的增长而减少。

ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorfsassertion

thatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgefor

practicalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.Yetwewoulddowelltoremind

ourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation:itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearora

robottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Fora

birdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequally

well.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentat

Chernobylmakepeopleseehowimportantthehumanqualityoftechnologyis:they

providecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlybecamecompletelydisordered

andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,we

areresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnology

eventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfor

decades,andsofarwchavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewill

continuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnology

onourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehada

greaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershave

designedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.

Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthe

samecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.Yet

whenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthe

machines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.

Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealth

wasnotconfinedtothefew.Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromiseto

revolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindand

opennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolution

supplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.

Thecomputeremendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthe

mindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerfbr

solvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandposesthe

greatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

46、Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目问：只有什么时候，一个矛或一个机器人才是技术?第二段首句

“Yetwcwoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation：itdoes

notexistnaturally.Aspearorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmore

ihanasolidmassofmailer.”通过这段话可知，我们最好还是提醒自己，科技是人

类的创造，它不存在于自然之中。矛或机器人生产机器零件，这两者都不仅仅是坚

实的物体。据此判断，答案是B。

47、TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshow

that.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题目问：作者引用“挑战者号”航天飞机爆炸和“切尔诺贝利”核泄漏的

例子是想表明什么？第二段“TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandthe

RussiannuclearaccidentatChernobylmakepeopleseehowimportantthehumanquality

oftechnologyis；theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlybecame

completelydisorderedandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.”通过这段话后f

知，“挑战者号”航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯在“切尔诺贝利”的核事故让人们看到了技

术的人性化是多么的重要，这些事故表明了那些经过周密计划的系统会突然变得混

乱，也不可能让它们恢复到正常轨道上来。据此判断，答案是A。

48、Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainly

because.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题目问：艰据作者的观点，计算机的采用是一场革命，主要是因为什

么？第三段“Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionisthatitledtogreatsocial

change.”通过这句话可知，计算机的采用是一场革命，主要理由是它导致了巨大

的社会变革。所以，答案是D。

49>Byusingthephrase"thehumanqualityoftechnology"(Line5,Para.2),theauthor

referstothefactthattechnology.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目问：通过用短语”技术的人性化”，作者提及了什么事实?第二段

“TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentat

Chernobylmakepeopleseehowimportantthehumanquailtyoftechnologyis；they

providecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlybecamecompletelydisordered

andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.”通过这段话可知，”技术的人性化'’也

就是说，技术要拥有一些人类的特征。所以，答案是B。

50、Thepassageisbasecontheauthor's.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题目问：该文章建立在作者什么的基础上?根据文章内容可知，作者

主要是在向读者介绍科技知识。科技作为理论知识的实际运用，是导致社会变革的

一个主要原因。所以，答案是A。

When,intheageofautomation,mansearchesforaworkertodothetedious,unpleasant

jobsthatareimpossibletomechanize,hemayveryprofitablyconsidertheape.Ifwe

tackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuchasenthusiasmaswcdevoteto

breedingdogsofsurrealisticshapes,wecouldeventuallyproduceassortedmodelsof

usefulprimates,ranginginsizefromthegorilladowntothebaboon,eachadaptedtoa

specialkindofwork.Ilisnotputtingloomuchstrainontheimaginationtoassumethat

geneticistscouldproduceasuper-ape,abletounderstandsomescoresofwords,and

capableofbeingtrainedforsuchjobsaspickingfruit,cleaningupthelitterinparks,

shiningshoes,collectinggarbage,doinghouseholdchores,andevenbaby-sitting(though

IhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcaretotrustwithavaluableape).Apescoulddo

manyjobs,suchascleaningstreetsandthemorerepetitivetypesofagriculturalwork,

withoutsupervision,thoughtheymightneedprotectionfromthoseexceptional

specimensofHomosapienswhothinkitamusingtoteaseorbullyanythingtheyconsider

lowerontheevolutionaryladder.Forothertasks,suchasdeliveringpapersandlaboring

onthedocks,ourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;and,incidentally,

Iwouldlovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-firstcenturyversionofOntheWaterfrontin

whichthehonestbuthairyherowilldrumonhischestafterliterallytakingthewicked

laborleaderapart.Onceasupplyofnonhumanworkersbecomesavailable,awholerange

oflowIQjobscouldbethankfullyrelinquishedbymankind,toitsgreatmentaland

physicaladvantage.Whatismore,oneoftheproblemswhichhasplaguedsomany

fictionalUtopiaswouldbeavoided.Therewouldbenoneofthedegradinglysubhuman

EpsilonsofHuxley'sBraveNewWorldtoactasapermanentreproachtosociety,for

thereisaprofoundmoraldifferencebetweenbreedingsub-menandsuper-apes,though

theendproductsaremuchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroduceaformofslavery,the

secondwouldbeabiologicaltriumphwhichcouldbenefitbothmenandanimals.

51Intheauthor'sopinion,theideathatgeneticistscouldproduceasuper-apeis

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

52>Thetypeofjobanapecoulddowithoutsupervisionwouldbeonewhichis.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、AproblemthathasplaguedsomefictionalUtopiasis.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、Theauthorofthisarticleis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Whenpeoplearestruckbylightening,theyfalltothegroundasthoughtheywerestruck

byasevereblowtothehead.Aftertheshocktheymayremainunconscious,become

semiconsciousorbeconsciousbutconfusedanddazed,atleastforatime.Flashesoflight

maycontinuepassingbeforetheireyes,andblindnessanddeafnessmayfollow.The

nervoussystemmaybebadlyaffected,causingparalysis,paininthelimbsandeven

hemorrhage.Therewillbeburnswherethelighteningpassedthroughthebody.Andlike

allelectricalburns,theyareoftendeepandsevere.Allpersons,especiallycampersand

hunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.

Donotbeafraidtotouchthevictim.Youwon'tgetashock.Thelighteninghasalready

beengrounded.Rememberthatspeedisofthegreatestimportanceinsevere