考博英语模拟试卷231

考博英语模拟试卷231

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、AsIbrthemissingfunds,thecompanymanager,whendemandedtogivean

explanation,couldnotevencomeupwithaone.

A、plaintive

B>pervasive

C、perpetual

D、plausible

标准答案：D

知识点解析：D项plausible表示“似是而非的”，符合题意，如：aplausible

excuse（看似有理的借口）。其他三项，A项plaintive表示“悲哀的，哀伤的”；B项

pervasive表示“颠倒的，曲解的”;C项perpetual表示“永久的”,都不正确。本题空

格处是说甚至提不出一个看似可信的解释-因此D项为正确答案C

2、Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthethisyear.

A、request

B、claim

C、requirement

D、demand

标准答案：D

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是：request要求，请求；claim要求，主张；

requirement要求，需求：demand要求，需求。requirement和demand虽然都有“需

求'’之意，但在表示市场需求时，一般用demand。supply和demand对应，表示供

求关系。根据句子意思布出正确答案是D选项。

3、Theverybiggestandmostmurderouswarsduring（heindustrialagewereintra-

industrial-warsthatSecondWavenationslikeGermanyandBritainagainstone

another.

A、pitted

B、drove

C、kept

D、embarked

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、Inhislecture,theeducationexpertemphasizedthefactthatnowadayschildrenare

exposedtomanyinfluencesthatoftheirfamilies.

A、ratherthan

B、otherthan

C、exceptfor

D、butfor

标准答案：A

知识点解析：ratherthan意为“而不是”，表示对后面成分的否定，符合题意。

5、Hewaspresentinhisroleofschoolmanager,churchwardenanddonor.

A^dedicated

B>triple

C^providential

D^religious

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、NicholasChauvin,aFrenchsoldier,airedhisvenerationofNapoleonBonaparte

soandunceasinglythathebecamethelaughingstockofallpeopleinEurope.

A、vociferously

R、patriotically

C、verbosely

D、loquaciously

标准答案：A

知识点解析：A选项：vociferously喊叫地，吵闹地；B选项：patriotically爱国

地；C选项：verbosel冗长地，累赘地；D选项：loquaciously多话地.只有A项符

合句意。本句的意思是“法国士兵NicholasChau-vin总是不停地喊叫着来表达对

NapoleonBonaparte的崇敬，以致他都成了所有欧洲人的笑柄”。

7、ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanfbrhavingpromotedseatravel,

thatmanprinceHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15thcentury.

A^was

B、wascalled

C、calling

D、being

标准答案：D

知识点解析：后半句是独立结构，是oneman的同位语。A、B用了动词形式，不

可：C项应为被动语态。

8、Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththisideaaboutthetrip.

A、weary

B、twilight

C、unanimous

D、weird

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题应选D。备选项中A项：“疲倦的”；B项：“模糊的”；C项：

“意见一致的“；D项：“怪异的”。依据空格处意思：提出这个怪主意可知D项为正

确答案。

9、TherehasbeenanincreaseinattendanceatlecturesbytheWorldAffairs

Council,whichbringsinternationalissuestopublicattention.

A^developed

sponsored

C、advanced

D、promoted

标准答案：B

知识点解析：develop发展。sponsor发起，主办。advance前进，提前。promote

进，提升。

10、Theboywasnottoleaveclasswithoutanadequatereason.

A、emitted

B、admitted

Cxpermitted

D、remitted

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、consideredthehumanbodyaestheticallysatisfactory.

A、Neitherprehistoriccavemannorlate-industrialurbanman

B、Norprehistoriccavemanorlate-industrialurbanman

C、Noprehistoriccavemannorlate-industrialurbanman

D、Neitherprehistoriccavemanorlate-industrialurbanman

标准答案：A

知识点解析：neither...nor..•是固定搭配，意思是“既不...也不....

12、Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethievesknowwhereto

look.

A、invariably

B、virtually

C、variously

D、unavoidably

标准答案；A

知识点解析：句意：不应该把钥匙藏在房产周围，因为贼总是知道在哪能找到它

们。invariably总是,不变地。virtually事实上,实际上。variously不同地。

unavoidably不可避免地。

13、TheshipwasinastormoffJamaica.

A、drowned

immerged

C>wrecked

D、submitted

标准答案：C

知识点解析:A.drowned淹死;B.immerged浸入;C.wrecked使失事;

D.submitted提交。

14、Somegoodluckbroughtusnothingbuttrouble.

A、seemingly

satisfactorily

C^uniformly

D、universally

标准答案：A

知识点解析：seemingly意为“表面上的”;satisfactorily意为“满意的”;uniformlyM

为“统一的"；universally意为“完全的，普遍的”。本句话意思是：一些表面上的幸

运只会给我们带来麻烦。

15,Notuntilactuallyfacedwithwaterscarcityappreciatethevalueofwaterto

aregion.

A、onecan

B、onecannot

C、canone

D、cannotone

标准答案：c

知识点解析：notuntil开头的句子，后面应该使用倒装句，所以排除A和B。根据

句意“只有真正遇到水资源缺乏，我们才会感激水对一个地区所起的重要作用“，C

选项正确。

16、Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat

A、theygiveventtotheirSOITOWSinalaughableway

theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholy

C、theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepain

cheerfully

D、theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheart

标准答案：C

知识点解析：stnsilive敏感的，容易受伤的;sensible明智的;sensaliunal装动的

senseless无知觉的。

17、Althoughthetwocompaniestalkedabouthowlittlethereisbetweenthem,

theystillexpecttoeliminateabout10,000positionsfromacombinedworkforceof

140,000aftertheirmergence.

A、overlap

B、combination

C、congregation

D、inundation

标准答案：A

知识点解析:overlap意为“复叠处”;combination意为“结合”;congregation意为

“集合"；inundalion意为“洪水”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：两家公司之间的复

叠处多么少。A项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为A。

18、Accordingtothepassage,"specialcasesreferstocaseswhere.

A、studentsattendaschoolonlypart-time

B、studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialHrms

C、studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplication

D、studentsattendedafamousschool

标准答案：C

知识点解析：我竭力劝他加入我们的团体，但遭到断然的拒绝。refusal拒绝;

disapproval不同意,不赞成;rejection拒绝，抵制;decline婉言谢绝。flatrefusal

系固定搭配，意为“断然拒绝”。

19、Theyaretoindustrialists,whoneedthevaluablecopperandnickelinthem.

A、tempting

tickling

C、tormenting

D、tricking

标准答案：A

知识点解析：betemptingto有诱惑力的，促使去做；tickling反馈,回授;

lormeming折磨人的；tricking骗人的，使人上当的，

20>Itwasclearthatthestormhisarrivalbytwohours.

A、retarded

B、retrieved

C^refrained

D、retreated

标准答案:A

知识点解析：（retard延迟，放慢）。句意为：显然，暴风雨把他们到达的时间推迟

了两个小时。B.retrieve重新得到;C.refrain忍住,抑制，后跟from；D.retreat

退却。

21、Whydidyousuchagoodjobwhenjobsaresohardtoget?

A、throwabout

B、throwoff

C^throwup

D、throwout

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、AdversereviewsintheNewYorkpressmaygreatlychangetheprospectsofanew

Broadwayproduction.

A、additional

B、encouraging

C^unfavorable

D、subversive

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、Thefloodsdidnotstarttountiltwodaysaftertherainhadstopped.

A、retire

B、recede

C^retreat

D、sink

标准答案：R

知识点解析：句意是：直到雨停了两天以后，洪水才开始退下去。tire指人、军队

等“退职，退位,退休，退役”;Retreat指军队“撤退”,回避；Recede可以指“潮水

退去”;Sink意为“下沉”。

24、Thecityisanimportantrailroadandindustrialandconventioncenter.

A、conjunction

B、network

C>junction

D、link

标准答案：C

知识点解析：junction（道路或铁路的）交叉点；conjunction连词；结合在一起；

nelwork（网状）系统；link链条的一环，环节。句意：这个城市是重要的铁路枢纽，

也是工业和会议城市。

25、Itnowprettylate,wetookourcandlesandretiredtoourroom.

A>is

being

C>turned

D、got

标准答案：B

知识点解析：当分词短语做状语时，它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而有它自己的

主语，这就是分词独立主格结构。Itbeingnowprettylate是分词独立结构，做原因

状语。

26、Withitsanti-terrorismcampaigntakingoveranythingelse,thegovernment

isextendingitsjobandrunninginmoreaffairs.

A^superiority

B、priority

C、majority

D、polarity

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、"Doyoulikeyourboss?"...No,heistoo.

A、indemand

demanded

C、ondemand

D、demanding

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、Hewastotakeoverthedutiesandresponsibilitiesofhisfatherfroman

earlyage.

A^deduced

B、damped

C^diminished

D^destined

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、Theprofitmotiveisinherentlywithprinciplesoffairnessandequity.

A、inline

B、intrade

C^attimes

D、atodds

标准答案：D

知识点解析：分析句子的内在逻辑关系：发现利润动机和公平原则从木质上来看是

矛盾的，单纯追求利润的行为势必会破坏公平竞争的原则。故选atodds（争执，不

同意，意见不一致）。其他选项：inline成一直线，一致，有秩序；intrade做生

意：attimes有口寸，不时。

30Sheworelong,heavydresses,clothesthatallowedmovement.

A、minimumof

B、theminimumfor

C、herminimumof

D、aminimumof

标准答案：D

知识点解析：句子大意：她的连衣裙又长又重，身上的衣服令她—o本题旨在考

查固定搭配aminimumo广最小的”。将各选项代人，只有D项符合题意，因此本题

选择Do

二、阅读理解(本题共130题，每题7.0分，共130

分。)

ManyUnitedStatescompanieshave,unfortunately,madethesearchforlegalprotection

fromimportcompetitionintoamajorlineofwork.Sincef980theUnitedStates

InternationalTradeCommission(ITC)hasreceivedabout280complaintsalleging

damagefromimportsthatbenefitfromsubsidiesbyforeigngovernments.Another340

chargethatforeigncompanies"dumped"theirproductsintheUnitedStatesat"lessthan

fairvalue."Evenwhennounfairpracticesarealleged,thesimpleclaimthatanindustry

hasbeeninjuredbyimportsissufficientgroundstoseekrelief.Contrarytothegeneral

impression,thisquestforimportreliefhashurtmorecompaniesthanithashelped.As

corporationsbegintofunctionglobally,theydevelopanintricatewebofmarketing,

production,andresearchrelationships.Thecomplexityoftheserelationshipsmakesit

unlikelythatasystemofiinpoitrelieflawswillmeetthestrategicneedsofalltheunits

underthesameparentcompany.Internationalizationincreasesthedangerthatforeign

companieswilluseimportrelieflawsagainsttheverycompaniesthelawsweredesigned

toprotect.SupposeaUniiedStates-ownedcompanyestablishesanoverseasplantto

manufactureaproductwhileitscompetitormakesthesameproductintheUnitedStates,

IfthecompetitorcanproveinjuryfromtheimportsandthattheUnitedStatesreceiveda

subsidyfromaforeigngovernmenttobuilditsplantabroadtheUnitedStatescompany's

productswillbeuncompetitiveintheUnitedStates,sincetheywouldbesubjecttoduties.

PerhapsthemostbrazencaseoccurredwhentheITCinvestigatedallegationsthat

CanadiancompanieswereinjuringtheUnitedStalessaltindustrybydumpingrocksalt,

usedtode-iceroads.Thebizarreaspectofthecomplaintwasthataforeignconglomerate

withUnitedStatesoperationswascryingforhelpagainstaUnitedStatescompanywith

foreignoperations.The"UnitedStates"companyclaiminginjurywasasubsidiaryofa

Dutchconglomerate,whilethe"Canadian"companiesincludedasubsidiaryofaChicago

firmthatwasthesecond-largestdomesticproducerofrocksalt.(332words)

31、Thepassageischieflyconcernedwith

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段第一句是对前一段最后一句观点的反驳。作者认为这种做法弊

大于利。

32、WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecomplainttoITC?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：B项内容在第一段后三句中未提到。

33、Whalisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：A项的内容高度地慨括了最后一段要表达的意思。

34>WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobetrueofUnitedStatestradelaws?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段最后一句证明D项的内容是对的。

35Whatistheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthepracticeofimportrelief?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：通过全文可以看出作者对此做法是否定的。

SofarasIknow.MissHannahArendtwasthefirstpersontodefinetheessential

differencebetweenworkandlabor.Tobehappy,amanmustfeel,firstly,freeand,

secondly,important.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhat

hedoesnotenjoydoing,orifwhatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueor

importance.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,thesignthat

whatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoit,butalaborertoday

canrightlybecalledawageslave.Amanisalaborerifthejobsocietyoffershimisofno

interesttohimselfbutheiscompelledtotakeitbythenecessityofearningalivingand

supportinghisfamily.Theantithesistolaborisplay.Whenwcplayagame,weenjoy

whatwearedoing,otherwiseweshouldnotplayit,butitisapurelyprivateactivity;

societycouldnotcarelesswhetherweplayitornot.Betweenlaborandplaystands

work.Amanisaworkerifheispersonallyinterestedinthejobwhichsocietypayshim

todo;whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylaborisfromhisownpointof

viewvoluntaryplay.Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends,noton

thejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Thedifferencedoes

nut.furuxaiiiplv,coincidewiththediffcrunuebulwecuamanualandamenialjub;a

gardenerorcobblermaybeaworker,abankclerk,alaborer.Whichamaniscanbeseen

fromhisattitudetowardleisure.Toaworker,leisuremeanssimplythehoursheneedsto

relaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Heisthereforemorelikelytotaketoolittle

leisurethantoomuch;workersdieofcoronariesandforgettheirwives'birthdays.Tothe

laborer,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsion,sothatitisnatural

forhimtoimaginethefewerhourshehastospendlaboring,andthemorehoursheis

freetoplay,thebetter.

36、Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、Ifapersonwishestobehappy,.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、Amanisalaborerif.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、Accordingtothepassage,whatissociety'sattitudetowardthegameweplay?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、Whichofthefollowingkindsofpersonisaworker?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、Whatdoesthelaborerthinkofleisure?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeofthe

oldpulpmagazines:theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmost

peoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,

curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegrades

aworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarranted

stereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andv/henitdocs,itismorediscreet

thanothercontemporaryfiction.Instead,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesinthe

relationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Science

fictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileiiwouldbefoolish

toclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhuman

lifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying------fornootherliterary

formdoesquitethesamethings.Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswer

mustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatany

lengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistany

comprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthat

therearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.

ToBegin,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysub­

genrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthem

andfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinition

willnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthis

exploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint------thatsciencefictionisaliterarysub-genre------isaveryimportant

one,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.

Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramas

whichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek'sRUR(Rossum'sUniversal

Robots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoctrythatmightbelabeled

sciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasub-genreofprose

fictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctions

inmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral------thatis,itsharesagreatdealwith

allothernovelsandshortstories.Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefiction,in

generalappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryor

novel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,character,language,andtheme.And

likeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman'snature

andexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionarc

constructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinany

otherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarrator,story,

plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoying

sciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameasthey

wouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

42Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysub-genrebecause.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、Whichofthefollowingdoesnotusuallycontributetothethemeinapieceofscience

fiction?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,is

nevertheless.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

45Anappropriatetitlefbrthispassagewouldbe.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、Theauthor'sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Modemtechnologyandsciencehaveproducedawealthofnewmaterialsandnewways

ofusingoldmaterials.Fortheartistthismeanswideropportunities.Thereisnodoubt

thatthelimitationsofmaterialsandnatureoftoolsbothrestrictandshapeaman'swork.

Observehowthedevelopmentofplasticsandlightmetalsalongwithnewmethodsof

weldinghaschangedthedirectionofsculpture.Transparentplasticmaterialsallowoneto

lookthroughanobject,toseeitsvarioussidessuperimposedoneachother(asinCubism

orinanX-ray).Today,weldingisasprevalentascastingwasinthepast.Thisnew

methodencouragesopendesigns,wheresurroundingandinterveningspacebecomesas

importantasformitself.Moreambiguousthanotherscientificinventionsfamiliarto

modemartists,butnolessinfluential,arcthepsychoanalyticstudiesofFreudandhis

followers,discoveriesthathaveinfiltratedrecentart,especiallySurrealism.The

Surrealists,intheirstruggletoescapethemonotonyandfrustrationsofeverydaylife,

claimedthatdreamsweretheonlyhope.Turningtotheirrationalworldoftheir

unconscious,theybanishedalltimebarriersandmoraljudgmentstocombine

disconnecteddreamexperiencesfromthepast,presentandinterveningpsychological

states.TheSurrealistswereconcernedwithoverlappingemotionsmorethanwith

overlappingforms.Theirpaintingsoftenbecomesegmentedcapsulesofassociative

experiences.Forthem,obsessiveandoftenunrelatedimagesreplacedthedirect

emotionalmessageofexpressionism.Theydidnotneedtosmashpaintandcanvas;they

wentbeyondthistosmashthewholecontinuityoflogicalthought.Thereislittledoubt

thatcontemporaryarthastakenmuchfromcontemporarylife.Inaperiodwhenscience

hasmaderevolutionarystrides,artistsintheirstudioshavenotbeenunawareofscientists

intheirlaboratories.Butthishasrarelybeenaone-waystreet.Paintersandsculptors,

thoughadmittedlyinfluencedbymodernscience,havealsomoldedandchangedour

world.Ifbreakuphasbeenavitalpartoftheirexpression,ithasnotalwaysbeena

symbolofdestruction.Quitethecontrary:ithasbeenusedtoexaminemorefully,to

penetratemoredeeply,toanalyzemorethoroughly,toenlarge,isolateandmakemore

familiarcertainaspectsoflifethatearlierwewereapttoneglect.Inaddition,it

sometimesprovidesrichmultipleexperiencessoorganizedasnotmerelytoreflectour

world,butinfacttointerpretit.

48、Theweldingtechniques.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文中第1段最后说明焊接技术对雕刻艺术的影响，与A选项相符。

B：使物品细节清晰可见；C：给雕刻者的设计附加多个侧面(这是新材料的作用，

而不是焊接技术的作用)；D：使艺术家适应环境。

49>WecanlearnfromthetextthatFreud'sstudies.

标准答案：D

知识点解析；由文中第2段第1句可知，弗洛伊德研究已经渗透到超现实主义研究

中。D项与之意义吻合,A：弗洛伊德研究比其他科学发明更加难以理解；B：弗

洛伊德研究对其他科学发明产生了影响；C：弗洛伊德研究产生了超现实主义。

50、WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSurrealists?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中第2段说，超现实主义者试图表达他们的潜意识世界。这正是B

选项所表述的内容。A项中diminish（减少、降低）与原文的banish（消除、赶走）意思

不符；C：超现实主义者可以将现实存在转换成不连贯的梦境；D：超现实主义者

想用直接的表达方式取代片断性的想象。

51、Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章介绍了现代科技中新材料的出现和使用原有材料的新方法的运用

对艺术创作的影响。因此C答案正确。

52、Thesentence"Butthishasrarelybeenaone-waystreet"inthelastparagraphmeans

that.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据上下文，“但这几乎从来就不是单行道''在本文中的含义说明，科

学与艺术之间的影响并非单一，而是相互的。故选D。

TwotravelersengagedinawarmdisputeaboutthecoloroftheChameleon.Oneofthem

affirmeditwasblue,thathehadseenitwithhisowneyesuponthenakedbranchofa

tree,feedingontheairinaveryclearday.Theotherstronglyasserteditwasgreen,and

thathehadvieweditverycloselyandminutelyuponthebroadleafofafigtree.Bothof

themwerepositive,andthedisputewasrisingtoaquarrel;butathirdpersonluckily

comingby,theyagreedtoreferthequestiontohisdecision."Gentlemen,"saidthe

Arbitrator,"Youcouldnothavebeenmoreluckyinyourreference,asIhappentohave

caughtoneofthemlastnight;but,indeed,youarebothmistaken,forthecreatureis

totallyblack."MBlack,impossible.""Nay,"saidtheUmpire,withgreatassurance,"the

mattermaybesoondecided,forIimmediatelyenclosedmyChameleoninalittlebox,

andhereitis."Sosaying,hedrewitoutofhispocket,openedthehox,and,lo!Itwas

whiteassnow.

53、Thebestlessonthatthereadercanderivefromthisfableis.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、ThereasonthewriterselectedtheChameleontoillustratehismoralisthatthe

Chameleon.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

55、ThequalityforwhichwemayjustlycriticizetheArbitratoris.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

AmericaLosesaGreatPublicThinkerArthurMiller'sdeathlastweekmeantmorethan

thelossofanoutstandingplaywright.Itwasthelossofagreatpublicthinkerwho

believedstronglythattheessenceofAmerica—itsgreatnesswasinitspromises.(51)

Millerknewwhatignoranceandfearandthemadnessofcrowds,esDeciallywhen

exploitedbysinisterleadership,coulddotothosepromises.(52)Hisgreatestconcerns,

"werewiththemoralcorruptionbroughtonbybendingone'sidealstosociety'sdictates,

buyingintothevaluesofagroupwhentheyconflictwiththevoiceofpersonal

conscience."(53)TheindividualinMiller'sview,hadanabidingmoralresponsibilityfor

hisorherownbehavior、andfor(hebehaviorofsocietyasawhole.Hesaidthat"Ifelt

thatasimprobableasitmightseem,thereweremomentswhenanindividualconscience

wasallthatcouldkeepaworldfromfalling."Millersawsomeofthedifferencesintwo

sharplydefinederas:theDepression-wracked1930sandtheprosperouspostwar1950s.It

wasperhapsaround1936,peoplewhousedtomindnopolitiesbeganthinkingforthe

firsttimeofcommonactionasawayoutoftheirimpossibleconditions.(54)Bythenarly

'50siheagonyofiheDepressionwasgone.McCarlhyismwasinflower.Allerthe50s,

however,Americansbecamemorepracticalandpragmatic.ThedeanoftheUniversityof

Michiganwascomplainingthathisstudents'highestgoalwastofitinwithcorporate

Americafatherthantoseparatetruthfromfalsehood.(55)“Theybecameexpertsat

grade-getting,butthere'slessspeculatingaboutthewrongsoftheworldandideal

solutionssomethingnoemployerwasinterestedin."NowMillerisgone,andifwcarc

notwiseenoughtopayattention,hisuncomfortabletruthswilldiewithhim.

56、

标准答案：AsagreatthinkerMillerunderstoodwhatkindofdamagetheignorance,fear

andthemadnessofcrowdswoulddototheessenceofAmerica,ifevilleaderstake

advantageofthem.

知识点解析：暂无解析

57、

标准答案：Whatheworriedaboutisthatifindividualsareforcedbysocietytosacrifice

theirdrcamsandcaterto:hctastesofmasses,whichrunagainstpersonalconscience,the

moralwoulddeteriorate.

知识点解析：暂无解析

58、

标准答案：Millerheldtheideathatthemoralofindividualinfluencesnotonlyhisorher

ownbehavior,butalsothatofthesociety.

知识点解析：暂无解析

59、

标准答案：In1950s,theshadowoftheDepressionwasleft.ButMcCarthyism—a

hostileattitudetowardanythingthat's"red"or"communist1,,wasinitsfullswing.

知识点解析：暂无解析

60、

标准答案：Thosestudentsaregoodatgettinghighscores,buttheyseldomthinkabout

theproblemsthisworldisfacingandthewaytosolvethem,whichisnoboss'sbusiness.

知识点解析：暂无解析

Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That'saquestionmarketresearcherswouldloveto

answer.Butsincepeopledon'talwayssaywhattheythink,marketerswouldneeddirect

accesstoconsumers'thoughtstogetthetruth.Now,inaway,thatispossible.Atthe

"MindoftheMarket"laboratoryatHarvardBusinessSchool,researchersarelooking

insideshoppers1skullstodevelopmoreeffectiveadvertisementsandmarketingpitches.

Usingimagingtechniquesthatmeasurebloodflowtovariouspartsofthebrain,the

Harvardteamhopestopredicthowconsumerswillreacttoparticularproductsandto

discoverthemosteffectivewaystopresentinformation.StephenKosslyn,aprofessorof

psychologyatHarvard,andbusinessschoolprofessorGeraldZakman,overseethelab.

"Thegoalisnottomanipulatepeople'spreferences,"saysKosslyn,"justtospeaktoiheir

actualdesires."Thegroup'sfindings,thoughstillpreliminary,couldradicallychange

howfirmsdevelopandmarketnewproducts.TheHarvardgroupusepositionemission

tomography(PET)scanstomonitorthebrainactivity.ThesePETscans,alongwithother

non-invasiveimagingtechniques,enableresearcherstoseewhichpartsofthebrainare

activeduringspecifictasks(suchasrememberingaword).Correlationshavebeenfound

betweenbloodflowtospecificareasandfuturebehavior.Becauseofthis,Harvard

researchersbelievethescanscanalsopredictfuturepurchasingpatterns.Accordingtoan

unpublishedpaperthegroupproduced,"Itispossibletousethesetechniquestopredict

notonlywhetherpeoplewillrememberandhavespecificemotionalreactionstocertain

materials,butalsowhethertheywillbeinclinedtowantthosematerialsmonthslater."

TheHarvardgroupisnowmovingintothenextstageofexperiments.Theywillexplore

howpeoplerememberadvertisementsaspartofanefforttopredicthowtheywillreactto

aproductafterhavingseenanad.Theresearchersbelievethatoncekeyareasofthebrain

areidentified,scansonabouttwodozenvolunteerswillbeenoughtodrawconclusions

aboutthereactionsofspecificsegmentsofthepopulation.Largecorporationsincluding

CocaCola,EastmanKodak,GeneralMotors,andHallmark-havealreadysignedupto

fundfurtherinvestigations.Fortheirfinancialsupport,thesefirmsgainaccesstothe

experimentsbutcannotcontrolthem.IfKosslynandZaltmanandtheirteamreallycan

readthemindofthemarket,thenconsumersmayfinditevenhardertogetthose

advertisingjingles-outoftheirheads.

61>Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbethebesttitleforthispassage?