武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷14

武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷14

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Theappearanceoftheusedcaris,it'smuchnewerthanitreallyis.

A^descriptive

B、indicative

C、deceptive

D^impressive

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句后半句说轿车比实际的样子新得多，那么前半句应该说的是这辆

旧车的外观具有迷惑性，即从车的外貌是看不出好坏的。deceptive“欺骗性的”正符

合句意，如：Appearancesarcdeceptive.（不可貌相。）dcscriptivc”描述的，叙述

的"，indicative"出示的，预示的，"impressive“令人印象深亥j的”都不是本题的答

案”

2、Shegotusedtohismannerofspeakingsoon.

A、hadbeenusedTo

B、wouldbeusedto

C、becameaccustomedto

D、usedto

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、ForSaucesnotonlyusedhisintheholdup,butalsomaclehisget-awayinhis

owneasilyrecognizedfamilycar.

A、ammunition

B>pistol

C、armor

D、treason

标准答案：B

知识点解析：句意：抢劫中索斯使用了手枪，逃走的时候他又使用了自己那辆很容

易辨认的家庭汽车。pis⑹手枪。ammunition军火，弹药。armor盔甲。treason通

敌，叛国。

4、Hecannotseeanythingwithouthisglasses,sohemadeaofrememberingto

getthemfixedbeforehewenttowork.

A^chore

B、success

C、point

D^mess

标准答案：C

知识点解析：makeapointofdoingslh.认为做某事重要或有必要；chore家务，琐

事：success成功：mess混乱。

5、TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorshe

isanonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.

A、everythingexcept

B、anythingbut

C、nolessthan

D、nothingmorethan

标准答案：D

知识点解析：句意是：个人电视观众总是感觉他或她仅仅是众多形形色色的观众中

无名的，统计上无意义的一部分。everythingexcepl“唯独没有"：anythingbut"根本

不“；nolessthan”不少于，不亚于“；nothingmoret上an“无非是，仅仅根据题干

的意思，正确答案为D。

6、AlthoughDarwinismwasaprofoundlyworldview,itwasessentiallypassive,

sinceitprescribednostepstobetaken,novictoriesovernaturetobecelebrated,no

programoftriumphstobesuccessivelygained.

A、limited

debatable

C、innovative

D、paradoxical

标准答案：C

知识点解析：（innovative富有革新精神的）。句意为：尽管达尔文的学说代表深刻

而富有创新精神的世界观，但它基本上是被动的，因为它没有提出要采取的步骤，

没有提出如何征服值得赞美的大自然，没有提出连续取得胜利的计划。A.limited

有限的；B.debatable可争辩的;D.paradoxical似非而是的。

7、Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomakeforelderlypeopleintheir

housingprogrammes.

A^preparation

B、requirement

C、specification

D^provision

标准答案；D

知识点解析：本题考查固定搭配。makepreparalionsfor表示“为...做准备”；

makeprovisionfor指"为做好准备，为预先采取措施”，着重指提前做出的

准备。如：tomakeprovisionforthefuture准备日后之需。不说makerequirement/

specificationfor。因此，答案为D。

8、Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseeminglysource

ofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyalewhavebeenutilized.

A^exploited

BNcontroversial

C、inexhaustible

D、remarkable

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从句意尤其是后半句，可知此题应选C（用不完的，用之不竭的。

如：aninexhaustiblesupplyofcoal用之不竭的煤炭供应）。A（被开采的，被开发

的）、B（争论的，争议的）和D（不平常的，非凡的，显著的）均错误。

9^Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfor

theybelievemorewere.

A、ontheverge

B、onthesly

C>onthespot

D^ontheloose

标准答案：B

知识点解析：句意：自杀性爆炸三个星期之后，警方还在搜寻爆炸者，因为他们相

信还有更多的爆炸者在暗地里行动。onthesly偷偷地，暗地里；ontheverge后跟

of结构表示“在...的边缘“；onthespot当场,在现场；oniheloose散漫，放荡。

10^Thusbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountries.

A、arosethedivision

B、thedivisionarose

C^thedivisionwasarising

D^arisingthedivision

标准答案：A

知识点解析：当副词ihus,then,there,here等词置于句首，并且谓语动词为

arise,be,come,go,exist,follow等不及物动词时，全句倒装,例如：Then

followsthefashionshow.但如果主语为人称代词时，则不需要倒装。

11、Thejetquicklyintotheskyandsoonwentoutofourview.

A、ascended

launched

C^assessed

D^descended

标准答案：A

知识点解析：各项的意思是：ascend”上升,追溯，登高“；launch”发射，使下

水”;assess”估定，评估"；descend”下降,屈尊,袭击空格处的意思是:喷气机

迅速升入空中，很快在我们的视野中消失了。

12、Thewaypeoplespendtheirleisuretimeiswhatmakespeopleandreveals

whotheyare.

A^distinguished

BNdiscretionary

C、distinct

D、discrete

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、Theprofessorgaveinstructiontothewholeclasssoastomakeevery

studentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab.

A、explicit

B、afflictive

C、authoritative

D、oblivious

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、Nowthepublichasanunprecedentedchancetopeerovertheshouldersof

archaeologistsandhistoriansandgetafirsthandlookattheoftheMongolsand

theirAsianpredecessors.

A^legacy

B、bequest

C^converse

D^miracle

标准答案：A

知识点解析：legacy遗产（祖先、前人或过去传下来的某种东西）；bequest遗产，遗

赠；converse相反的事物;miracle奇迹。

15、Lessonswritteninbloodthecolonialpeopletouprising.

A、propelled.

B、prompted

C、promoted

D^proceeded

标准答案：B

知识点解析:agreeon商定；agreeto同意（计划、建议等）；agreewith同意（某人的

看法或意见）；agree一般不与at搭配。

16、Criticismwithoutsuggestingareasofimprovementisnotandshouldbe

avoidedifpossible.

A、constructive

productive

C、descriptive

D、relative

标准答案：A

知识点解析：原句意思为“没有提出改进方面的批评不是，如果可能的话，

也应当避免空白处的词是对这种批评的评价，根据句意，应选consiruclive,

“积极的，建设性的”。即“这种批评不是建设性的或有助于改进的再例如：John

madeanumberofconstructivesuggestionsatthemeeting.（约翰在会上提出了许多积

极的建议。）produclive意为“产出的“；descriplive意为“描述的"；relalive意为“有关

的”。

17、Anewmaterial,wehavegoodreasontobeoptimistic.

A、developed

beingdeveloped

C、wasbeingdeveloped

D、wasdeveloped

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句话意为“我们有充分的理由保持乐观的态度，因为我们创造了一

种新的材料。“本句话考查的是独立主格的用法。正确答案为B。

18,MypanicwasandceasedwhenIbegantohavemyclass.

A、transient

B、permanent

C^trivial

D、contemporary

标准答案：A

知识点解析：transient短暂的,瞬时的,虚幻的。permanent永久的,耐久的。

trivial琐细的，轻微的。contemporary同时代的，当代的。

19、Histickconvincednonebutthemost.

A、credulous

B、plausible

C、trustworthy

D、feasible

标准答案：A

知识点解析：credulous轻信的,易受骗的；plausible似乎合理的，似乎真实的：

feasible可实行的，合宜的：这两项都可根据上下文排除掉。Trustworthy可信赖

的。根据句意应选A。

20、TheALSPACreportisthethirdinrecentyearstofindfewornoeffectsfrom

consumingmosttypesofseafoodduringpregnancy.

A^adverse

B、aggregate

C^antagonistic

D、animate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：各项的意思是：adverse"不利的，敌对的，相反的“；aggregate”合计

的，集合的，聚合的"；antagonistic"反对的，敌对的"；animate“生气勃勃的”。

21、FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat

training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

A^obliterate

sequester

C、encompass

D、terminate

标准答案：C

知识点解析:obliterate删除；sequester扣压，没收，使隐退;encompass包围;

terminate终结,结束。

22、Perhapsmydisheswillnotbeasdeliciousasthosewhichyouareaccustomedto

eating,butIbegyoutograntmyandhavedinnerwithme.

A、resentment

requirement

C^request

D、reservation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说但请你答应我的邀请。C项request”请求，要求，邀

请''符合题意，如：Yourpresenceisimmediatelyrequested.（即请光临）。其他三项

resenlment“怨恨，愤恨"：requirement"需求，要求，必要条件，需要的东西，要求

必备的条件“；reservation”保留，（旅馆房间等）预定，预约”都不正确。

23、Hehadwanteda25%raiseinpay,butaftertalkingtohisboss,hedecidedthata5%

raisewouldhaveto.

A、suffice

B、satisfy

C、gratify

D、delight

标准答案：A

知识点解析：suffice使满足，表示带有无奈情绪的满足；satisfy满足，主语为人；

gratify使满足，表示超出预想的满足；delight（使）高兴，（使）欣喜。句意：他本想得

到25%的工资涨幅，但在同老板淡话后，他认为他不得不满足于5%的涨幅。

24、Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess'andenjoyedthedinnerpartyvery

much.

A^hostility

B、indignation

C、hospitality

D、humanity

标准答案：C

知识点解析：hospitality好客；hostility敌视,敌意；indignation义愤；humanity人

类；人性。句意：我被女主人的热情好客所感动，晚宴上十分高兴。

25、Accordingtothelawofthatcountry,theParliamentwillhavetobebefore

theGeneralElection.

A^decomposed

dispersed

C、dissolved

D、disintegrated

标准答案：C

知识点解析：木题空格处是说大选前议会将被解散。C项“dissolved解散”符合题

意。其他三项“decomposed分解；dispersed分散，驱散；disinlegraled解体”都不正

确。

26、Dueinlargeparttothecomplexityofitsstructure-overtwohundredbones

togetherbyligaments—thehumanskeletonisamarvelofarchitecturalconstruction.

A、binging

bound

C、bounded

D、bind

标准答案：B

知识之解析：句意：多半是由于其结构的复杂性（人体的200多根骨头是有人带连

接起来的），因此它是建筑结构的一个奇迹。过去分词短语用做后置修饰词。

27^Thewaterwassoclearthatitthetreesontheriverbank.

A、shadowed

B、shaded

C>represented

D、reflected

标准答案：D

知识点解析：shadow投阴影于，使朦胧；shade遮蔽，使阴暗，意思和shadow差

不多；represent表现，描绘；reflect反射，反映。根据句子的意思，reflected是正

确答案。

28、ThehospitaldeniesthereisanyconnectionbetweenthedisciplinaryactionandDr.

Reid'sabouthealthproblems.

A、allegiance

B、alliance

C、allegations

D、alliteration

标准答案：C

知识点解析：四个选项的意思分别是allegiance"忠贞，效忠“；alliance"联盟，我

合”；allegations”主张，言论"：alliteration“头韵”。句子的意思是“医院否认纪律处

分与Dr.Reid有关健康问题的言论之间有关系”。艰据句意可推出正确答案是C选

项，如Arefusaltograntthetruthofastatementorallegation（否认、拒绝承认某陈述

或主张的真实性）。

29、Theofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.

A^clash

B、clarify

C、clarity

D^clatter

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题答案是C。C项的意思是：clarily清澈；明确。其他各选项的意

思是：clash冲突。clarify讲清楚。clatter喧嚷，骚动。根据句意，应选择C。

30、AmItounderstandthathisnewpostnoresponsibilitywithitatall?

A、keeps

B、supports

C、carries

D、possesses

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题答案是C。C项的意思是：carry携带，运送，支持。其他各项

的意思是：ke叩保存，遵守；support支撑，扶持，支持；possess占有，拥有，持

有。

二、阅读理解（本题共123题，每题1.0分，共123

分。）

IwastravellingthroughStHelensontheA58towardstheA580.andapproachingabend

tomyright.Luckilyit'sawideopenbendwithareasonableviewroundthecorner.I

spottedabiker'shelmetbehindacarcomingtowardsmeandIthought"He'sgonna

overtakethatbleedingcar!!"Isimplyrepositionedmyselfintotheleftgutterofmylane

andsureenoughhecameflyingpastthecaronthebend.HadInotspottedhishelmetjust

overtheroofofthecarandhadInotmovedintothekerbsideIwouldhaveranintohim.

headon.3yearsagoIwasnotsolucky.ThelefthandbendIwasapproachingwasonthe

crestofahillandthebikercoiningtowardsmeapexedthecornerontomysideofthe

road.Wemetheadon.Ionlyknowthisduetothepoliceaccidentreport,Ihave

absolutelynomemoryoftheeventsofthatbrightsunnySundayafternoononthe21stof

July2002.NorhaveIanymemoryoftheeventsthereafterforawholeweek.EveryoneI

tellthisstorytotellsmeIamkickytobealive.Iwishsomeonecouldtellmehowthis

defineslucky.IwishIknewhowbeingleftfbrdeadontheroad,having15hoursof

surgery,20pintsofsomeoneelse'sblood,6monthsofdepressionandhavingoneleg

shorterthantheotherislucky.Todaywaslucky.TodayIgottoRivi,hadabrewanda

chocolatebar.areallyinterestingtalkwithsomeonewhosemindisopeningandcame

hometowritethisblog.Thatislucky.Therearethingsfarworsethanbeingdead.I

appreciateIcanstillwalk,Iamthankfulfortheuseofbotharms,Iamgratefulmyscars

areonmylimbsnotmyface,IamhappyIamalive.Iwillnevertakeforgranted[he

thingsmybodycandoandthepowerofmymind.Iknowitcertainlycouldhavebeena

lotworse.ButdonottellmemyaccidentcouldhavebeenworseandIamlucky.Lucky

istoarriveatyourdestinationintactandhealthy.Luckyistoarriveatyourdestination

andfindthoseyoucareforarcalsointact,healthy...andalive.Asforthedead,theydo

notcare.(404words)

31、Whatisthispassageabout?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：作者反驳也人对“幸运”的定义，同时提出自己对“幸运''的理解。他认

为没有发生事故才算“幸运”，而不能把没有死亡定为“幸运”。

32、Whycouldtheauthoravoidthetrafficaccidentlasttime?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段里的…repositionedmyselfintotheleftgutterofmylane和

movedintothekerbside都表明作者让到了路边。虽然文章中提到了A项的内容，

即拐弯之处很宽，但是这只是作者能够看到迎面车辆及后面骑车人的原因，而不是

能够避免那场交通事故的直接原因。B和D的内容文章没有提到。

33NWhatisNOTtrueabouthiminthisaccident?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第二段第三句：作者与骑车人是迎面相撞，而不是骑车人从后面赶超

他时相撞。

34、Howwashefeelingaboutothers'sayingthathewasluckylasttime?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从全文的语气来看，我们能够感觉到他对这种说法非常反感，故选

Bo

35Whatistheimplicationoftheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraph?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：划线的句子暗指作者非常珍惜尚未失去的器官。

ProfessorWalterOechsleroftheUniversityofMannheim(Germany)believesthe

workplaceandworkforceinthe21stcenturywillbecharacterizedby"flexibilization.H

Oechslerseesthe"flexibilization"oftheworkplaceandworkforceleadingto"acore

groupwithunlimitedfullemployment,andanincreasinglylargergroupofshort-term

limitedand/orpart-timeemployeeswhofacesevereemploymentrisks,ultimately

resultinginstress."Unfortunately,ImustagreewithOechsler'sratherunpleasant

prediction.Increasingglobalcompetitionwillleadtoincreasingpressureandstressonall

employees.Employeeswhoareunpreparedforthenewworkplacewillfindthemselvesat

greatrisk.Oechslergoesontodescribeamajorchangeincorporatestrategy."Whereas

thetypicalcorporatestrategyoftheindustrialsocietywasuniformmassproductionwith

Tayloristicstructuresandstableemployment,thedominantstrategyforglobal

competitionisflexiblespecialization.Thestrategyofflexiblespecializationisdirected

towardcustomerneeds."Thisshiftinfocusfromfixedstandardizedproduction

schedulestoflexiblecustomizedcustomerserviceswilldramaticallyaffecttheworkplace

andworkforce.The21st-centuryemployeewillhavetobringa"flexiblespecialization"

tothe21st-centuryorganization.Twenty-firstcenturyorganizationswillonlybe

interestedinhiringemployeeswhobringaspecializationthatwillservetheflexible

needsofcustomer/clients.Staffpositionstosupportthesecustomer-drivenprocesseswill

stillbeavailable,butthesestaffpositions(non-corecompetencies)willconstantlybere­

evaluatedinlightofpossibleoutsourcing.Exceptforasmallgroupofcoreprofessionals,

employeeswillhavetoadoptamindsetofsellingtheirspecialcompetenciestodifferent

employers.Oechslerenvisionstheseemployeesas"entrepreneursmarketingtheirown

humanresourcesinordertomakealiving".Employabilitywillbethekey-toemployee

survival,notthestabilityofthecompany.Anotherpowerfultrendintheworkplacewill

bethetechnologicallypossible"virtualcompany."Oechslerbelievesthevirtual

companycansuppresssocialinteractionandleadtonewformsofalienation.Whatwe

knowaboutgroupdynamicsinface-to-faceinteractionswillhavetobere-examinedin

virtualinteractions.Howwillemployeesreactinthedecentralizedworkstructuresofthe

virtualcompanies?Wesimplydon'tknow.Oechslerbelieves,"Informationtechnologies

willdissolvesocialentities.MIfOechsleriscorrect,whatnewentitiesandrelationships

willbecreated?Iassumethesocialaspectofourhumannaturehasn'tchanged.Oechsler

(2000)summarizeshispredictionsforthe21stcenturyworkforcebysaying,MThe

employeewilltakeonmoreandsevererisksofbeingunemployed."Theworkof

organizationaleffectiveness(OE)consultantswillbedramaticallyaffectedbythese

changesinemployer-employeerelations.Thedownsizing,outsourcing,andglobal

alliancesthatbegantograbheadlinesinthe1980swerenotsimplyfadsdrivenbyafew

greedycapitalists.Thesetrendsareindicatorsofthemorepowerfulmegatrendsof

increasingglobalcompetitionandincreasingtechnologicalsophistication.Nodoubt,

numerouspsychosocialproblemswillarisefromthesetrends.(467words)

36、Thispassageis.

标准答案:A

知识点解析：从第一段，特别是第二行可以看出文章主要讲Oechsler对21世纪的

工作地点和人力方面的预见C

37、WhatisNOTOechsler'sprediction?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：A”未来要想找到工作，必须具备深奥的知识”与第五和第六段所提到

的“未来需要的是有专项的人才、能产生出客户所需产品的人才”不符。

38、Whatdoes"virtualcompany"（Line1—2,Para.7）mean?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：“虚拟公亘”指没有固定的工作场所，员工可以在任何地方通过网络联

系和工作。

39、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章最后一段第二句。

40、WhichofthefollowingcanbestrepresentOechsler'sprediction?

标准答案：c

知识点解析：“21世纪的工作人员和工作场所都是稳定不变的”，概括了Occhsler

预言的两个方面。

Therearefourbasictypesofcompetitioninbusinessthatformacontinuumfrompure

competitionthroughmonopolisticcompetitionandoligopoly（商品供应垄断）to

monopoly.Atoneendofthecontinuum,purecompetitionresultswheneverycompany

hasasimilarproduct.Companiesthatdealincommoditiessuchaswheatorcornare

ofteninvolvedinpurecompetition.Inpurecompetition,itisoftentheeaseandefficiency

ofdistributionthatinfluencespurchase.Incontrast,inmonopolisticcompetition,several

companiesmaycompeteforthesaleofitemsthatmaybesubstituted.Theclassic

exampleofmonopolisticcompetitioniscoffeeandtea.Ifthepriceofoneisperceivedas

toohigh,consumersmaybegintopurchasetheother.Couponsandotherdiscounts（折

扣）areoftenusedaspartofamarketingstrategytoinfluencesales.Oligopolyoccurs

whenafewcompaniesdominatethesalesofaproductorservice.Forexample,onlyfive

airlinecarrierscontrolmorethan70percentofallticketsalesintheUnitedStates.In

oligopoly,seriouscompetitionisnotconsidereddesirablebecauseitwouldresultin

reducedrevenueforeverycompanyinthegroup.Althoughpricewarsdooccur,inwhich

allcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendencytc

raisepricessimultaneouslyisalsousual.Finally,monopolyoccurswhenonlyonefirm

sellstheproduct.Somemonopolieshavebeentoleratedforproducersofgoodsand

servicesthathavebeenconsideredbasicoressential,includingelectricityandwater.In

thesecases,itisgovernmentcontrol,ratherthancompetition,thatprotectsandinfluences

sales.

41、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

标准答案：c

知识点露析：文章介绍的就是商业竞争的四种基本形式。

42、Anexampleofproductinmonopolisticcompetitionis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由文章第二段容易得到答案。

43、Theword"tolerated"inparagraph4couldbestbereplacedby.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第四段中“tolerated”的意思是“允许”，所以答案为A。

44、Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatement"Althoughpricewarsdooccur,in

whichallcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendency

toraisepricessimultaneouslyisalsousual"?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者的意志是，虽然也会出现顾客受益的价格战，但所有的公司联合

起来提高价格也是很常见的。

45、Theword"it"inparagraph3refersto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析："seriouscompetitiork..itwould…inthegroup.”这句话中的"it”显然指

代前面的"seriouscompetition”。

Socialpsychologistsarcusedtohearingthattheirexperimentsareawasteoftime

becausetheyjustprovetheobvious,andtelluswhatwealwaysknew.Butthereisavery

simpleandeffectiveripostetothisaccusation.Thetroublewithfolk-wisdom(whatwc

alwaysknew)isthatittendstocomeinpairsofstatements,bothofwhichareobviously'

true,butwhich-unfortunately-aremutuallyexclusive.Forexample,birdsofafeather

flocktogether,butwhatabouttheattractionofopposites?Experimentsmaynotbeas

muchfunasintuitions,buttheysometimestelluswhichproverbsareactuallytrue,cr

(mooroften)inwhatcircumstanceswhichapply.Thereisoneotherpreconceptiontobe

removedbeforetacklingthequestionofwhomwelikeandlove,whomwefindattractive

andmakefriendswith:"Whybothertostudyanareainwhichweareallexpert

practitioners?'*Well,ffyoubelievethat,haveawordwithamarriageguidance

counselor,apsychiatrist,orsomeoneinvolvedinindustrialrelations.Researchon

friendshiphasestablishedanumberoffacts,someinteresting,someevenuseful.Didyou

knowthattheaveragestudenthas5-6friends,orthatafriendwhowaspreviouslyan

enemyislikedmorethantheonewhohasalwaysbeenontherightside?Wouldyou

believethatphysicallyattractiveindividualsarepreferredasfriendstothoselesscomely,

andisitfair(hatphysicallyattractivedefendantsarelesslikelytobefoundguiltyin

court?Unfortunately,suchtidbitsdon'ttellusmuchmorethanthenatureorthepurpose

offriendship.Infact,studiesoffriendshipseemtoimplicatemorecomplexfactors.For

example,onefunctionfriendshipseemstofulfillisthatitsupportstheimagewehaveof

ourselves,andconfirmsthevalueoftheattitudeswehold.Severalstudieshaveshown

thatwejudgethemtobemorelikeusthanthey(objectively)are.Thissuggeststhatwe

oughttochoosefriendswhoaresimilartous('birdsofafeather')ratherthanthosewho

wouldbecomplementary('oppositesattract'),apredictionwhichissupportedby

empiricalevidence,atleastsofarasattitudesandbeliefsareconcerned.Inone

experiment,somedevelopingfriendshipsweremonitoredamongstfirst-yearstudents

livinginthesamehostel.Itwasfoundthatsimilarityofattitudes(towardspolitics,

religion,andethics,pastimesandaesthetics)wasagoodpredictorofwhatfriendships

wouldbeestablishedbytheendoffourmonths,thoughithadlesstodowithinitial

alliances.Thedifficultyoflinkingfriendshipwithsimilarityofpersonalityprobably

reflectsthecomplexityofourpersonalities.Thisofcoursecanexplainwhywemayhave

twoclosefriendswhohavelittleincommonandindeeddislikeeachother.Byandlarge,

though,itlooksasthoughwewoulddowelltochoosefriends(andspouses)who

resembleus.Ifthiswerenotso,computerdatingagencieswouldhavegoneoutof

businessyearsago.

46、Themainpurposeofthearticleseems.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、Experimentsconductedbysocialpsychologistsarefrequentlycriticizedbecause

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

48NResearchintothereasonsforfriendshipisthoughttobeunnecessarybecause

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、Researchimofriendshiphasdemonstratedthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

50、Severalstudiesoffriendshiphaveindicatedthatinseekingfriendswe.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、Theexperimentconductedonstudentslivinginahostelsuggestedthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、Thelastparagraphseemstoimplythat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

Whenamemberofanethnicminoritygroupacquiresthebehaviorpatterns,lifestyles,

values,andlanguageofthemainstreamculturewesaythatheorshehasbecome

culturallyassimilated.Sincethedominantgroupcontrolsmostofthesocial,economic,

andpoliticalinstitutionsinasociety,membersofethnicminoritygroupsmustacquireits

culturaltraitstomoveupthesocialandeconomicladder.Whenstudyingthisconcept,it

isimportanttolearnthatalthoughnon-Whiteethnicminoritiesmaybecometotally

assimilatedculturally,theywillstillbevictimsofdiscriminationandracismbecauseof

theirdifferentphysicalcharacteristics.AwidespreadmythisthatMexicanAmericans

andAfro-Americansexperiencediscriminationbecausetheyoftenhavemeager

educationsandliveinghettos.EventhoughitistruethatmanyBlacksandMexican

Americansaremembersofthelowersocioeconomicclasses,andthatalllower-class

individualsaretreateddifferentlythanmiddle-andupper-classpeople,itisalsotruethat

BlacksandChicanoswithhigheducationsandincomesfrequentlyexperience

discriminationbecauseoftheircolor.SinceAmericanracismisbasedlargelyonskin

color,nodegreeofculturalassimilationeliminatesit.Somediscussionofforced

assimilationandculturalgenocideshouldtakeplacewhenstudentsstudycultural

assimilation.Assimilationoftenoccurswhenaminoritygroup"voluntarily"acquiresthe

behaviorpatternsandlifestylesofdominantgroupioattainsocialmobilityand

occupationalsuccess.Iusethewordvoluntarilyheresomewhatreluctantlybecause

withoutsomedegreeofculturalassimilation,agroupthatisverydifferentculturallymay

notbeabletosurviveinaparticularculture.However,inthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,

someformsofculturalassimilationthattookplaceweretotallynonvoluntaryandmight

becalledforcedassimilationbecausetheculturesofcertaingroupsweredeliberately

destroyed(culturalgenocide).Thesegroupswereforcedtoacquirethelanguage,

lifestyles,andvaluesofthedominantculture.Individualsandgroupswhorefusedto

acceptthedominantcultureweresometimesthevictimsofseverepunishments,suchas

death.TheculturesofAfricangroupsweredeliberatelydestroyedbytheslavemasters.

Thisculturaldestructionbeganontheslaveships.Itseemsthatsystematicanddeliberate

attemptsweremadetodestroyIndiancultures.Theseeffortswerehighlysuccessfulsince

manyoftheculturalelementsofthesegroupsnowexistonlyinthepagesofhistory,and

sometimesnoteventheresincetheywereoftendestroyedbeforetheycouldberecorded.

53、Whichofthefollowingisthemostpossibletitleforthepassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、Regardlessofculturalfactors,non-Whiteminoritiesare.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

55Theunderlinedword"ghettos"(inParagraph2)aretheplaces.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

56>Minoritygroupsoftenexperiencediscriminationmainlybecause.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

57、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

58>Themostseverepenaltythatthegroupswhorefusetoacceptthedominantculture

mayfaceis.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

TogetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmore

thantwodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvillagersworkingandreadingaroundbattery-

poweredlampsequippedwithlight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs——thesamelampshehad

lefttherein2000.Irvine-Halliday,anAmericanphotonicsengineer,wasnotsurprised.

HechosetouseLEDbulbsbecausetheyarerugged,portable,long-lived,andextremely

efficientEachofhislampsproducesausefula-mountofilluminationfromjustonewatt

ofpower.Villagersusethemaboutfourhourseachnight,thenlopoffthebatteryby

pedalingageneratorforhalfanhour.Thecool,steadybeamisahugeimprovementover

lampsstillcommonindevelopingCountries.Infact,LEDshavebigadvantagesover

familiarincandescent（白炽的）lightsaswell—somuchsothatIrvine-Hallidayexpects

LEDswilleventuallytakeoverfromThomasEdison'soldlightbulbastheworld'smain

sourceofartificialillumination.ThedawnofLEDsbeganabout40yearsago,butearly

LEDsproducedredorgreenglowssuitablemainlyfordisplaysindigitalclocksand

calculators.Adecadeago,engineersinventedasemiconductorcrystalmadeofan

aluminumcompoundthatproducedamuchbrighterredlightAroundthesametime,a

JapaneseengineerdevelopedthefirstpracticalblueLED.Thissmalladvancehadahuge

impactbecauseblue,green,andredLEDscanbecombinedtocreatemostofthecolors

oftherainbow,justasthatinacolortelevisionpicture.Thesedays,high-intensitycolor

LEDsareshowingupeverywheresuchasthetrafficlights.Thereasonsfbrtherapid

switchoveraresimple.Incandescentbulbshavetobereplacedannually,butLEDtraffic

lightsshouldlastfivetoyenyears.LEDsalsouse80to90percentlesselectricitythan

theconventionalsignalstheyreplace.Collectively,thenewtrafficlightssaveatleast

400.millionkilowatt-hoursayearintheUnitedStates.Muchbiggersavingsawaitif

LEDscansupplantMr.Edison'sbulbattheofficeandinthelivingroom.Creatinga

white-lightLEDthatisenergy-saving,cheapandappealinghasprovedatough

engineeringchallenge.But