高中英语单词天天记scratch素材

PAGEPAGE1·scratch·v.

[skrætʃ](scratches;scratched;scratching)·

·双说明义·vt.&vi.

抓;搔

makelinesonorinasurfacewithsthpointedorsharpe.g.fingernails,claws·vt.&vi.

刮伤

get(oneself,apartofthebody)clutchedbyaccident·vt.&vi.

勾掉

drawalineorlinesthroughawordorwords,aname,etc.·vt.

退出竞赛

withdraw(ahorse,acandidate,oneself)fromacompetition;takeout(thenameofahorse,acandidate)fromalistofentriesforaraceorcompetition·基本要点

1.scratch的基本意思是“搔”“抓”,多指用带光(而非带刃)的东西如手指甲等去抓搔,也可表示在平面上刮线或穿孔。动作的发出者多没有明确的目的,而动作的承受者多受到肯定程度的损害。引申可表示“刮伤”“勾掉”“刻画”“艰难地谋生”“退出竞赛”等。2.scratch既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语。·词汇搭配

～+名词scratchone'sear

搔耳朵scratchone'shead

搔头scratchahole

扒坑scratchone'slegs

刺伤双腿scratchthetable

划坏桌子～+副词scratcheagerly

热心地勾掉scratchinadvertently

非有意地刮伤scratchindustriously

勤奋地抓scratchobviously

明显地刮伤scratchruthlessly

无情地勾掉scratchsorely

使人难过地退出竞赛scratchunexpectedly

意外地刮伤scratchtheplantsaway

把植物扒掉scratchoutanamefromalist

从名单上划去一个名字scratchtogether

拼凑scratchupabone

扒出一根骨头～+介词scratchat

抓scratchatthedoor

在门上乱抓scratchforoneself

竭力独自谋生scratchon

在…上刻画scratchhandonanail

手被钉子划伤scratchnameonthewall

在墙上刻下名字·常用短语

scratchabout(v.+adv.)扒,刨stripoffordiginlightmovements▲scratchaboutThefarmyardwasquiet,withjustafewchickensscratchingabout.这农家庭院静静静的,只有几只鸡在四处扒食。scratchaway(v.+adv.)抓;刮stripoffordig▲scratchawayIfyoukeepscratchingawayatthatspot,you'llbreaktheskin.你要是不停地抓那个小包会抓破皮的。▲scratchsth⇔away

用于be～ed结构Mostofthepainthasbeenscratchedawaybyheavywear.由于磨损严峻,大部分油漆已剥落。scratchfrom(v.+prep.)从…中除名removesb'snamefromsth

▲scratchsbfromsth

Wehadtoscratchtwoplayersfromtheteambecauseofdamagedkneejoints.有两名选手膝关节受伤,我们只好不让他们参与竞赛了。

用于be～ed结构Jimshouldhaveaneasyvictory,astwoofthebestrunnershavebeenscratchedfromtherace.吉姆应当很简单地轻易取胜,因为两名优秀赛跑运动员已经从竞赛中除名了。scratchout(v.+adv.)▲scratchsth⇔out1.刮掉;划去removeoff;cancelorerasebydrawingalinethroughScratchmynameoutplease.请把我的名字划掉。

用于be～ed结构Nameshadbeencutonthewall,buthadthenbeenscratchedout.墙上曾刻着名字,但后来被刮掉了。2.牵强维持makeorgetwithdifficultyItwasn'teasyscratchingoutalivinginthosehardtimes.在那段艰难的日子里,糊口真不简单。scratchup(v.+adv.)▲scratchsth⇔up1.刮坏,磨坏spoilsthbymakingmarkswithsthsharpTheportersscratchedupthedesk.搬运工们把桌子刮坏了。

用于be～ed结构Thesurfaceofthetablehasbeenallscratchedupbyyearsofheavyuse.由于长期严峻磨损,桌子表面已粗糙不堪。2.掘起,挖出digsthoutThatcathasscratchedupallmyyoungplantsagain!那只猫又把我种的那些幼苗给扒出来了!·句型例句

用作不及物动词▲S+～(+A)Thedogisalwaysscratching.那条狗老是搔痒。Thepenscratchesbadly.这支钢笔钩纸钩得利害。用作及物动词▲S+～+n./pron.Hehasacurioushabitofscratchinghisearwhilehespeaks.他有一种惊奇的习惯,一讲话就搔耳朵。Pleaseleaveoffscratchingyourhead.请不要搔头了。Scratchyourselfifyouitch.假如你觉得痒,搔好了。Thecatscratchedmyhand.猫把我的手给搔了。Thecathasscratchedaholeintheflowerbed.猫在花坛上扒了一个坑。Thebramblesscratchedmylegs.荆棘刺伤了我的双腿。Theknifehasscratchedthetable.小刀划坏了桌子。Ihopeyouarenotgoingtoscratchme.我希望你不会把我的名字从竞赛中划去。

用于be～ed结构Thehorsewasscratched.那匹马退出竞赛了。·词语辨异

scratch,grind,scrape参见scrape条。··scratch·n.

[skrætʃ](scratches)·

·双说明义·S

抓;搔痒

anactofscratching(apartofthebody)·C

抓痕,抓伤

amarkorsmallwoundmadebyscratching·C

刮擦声

asoundmadebyscratching·词汇搭配

形容词+～nastyscratch

难看的划痕slightscratch

稍微的擦伤

·常用短语

fromscratch〈非正〉从头做起,从零起先startingfromthebeginningorwithnothing

It'scompletelyruined,sowe'llhavetostartfromscratch.它完全毁了,我们只好从头做起。uptoscratch〈非正〉状况良好,达到标准in(to)goodconditionorat〔to〕anacceptablestandard

Herperformancewasn'tuptoscratch