北京市第四中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语试题

高三英语（试卷满分为100分，考试时间为90分钟）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AnUnexpectedGiftTwelve-year-oldMathewFloresisdifferentfromotherkids.Helovesjunk(垃圾)mail,andtheseadvertisementsweretheonlyreadingmaterials___1___tohim.Onceheaskedhismailmanifhecouldofferhimsome.Thequestion___2___themailman.Heaskedtheboythereason,andthenrecordedhis___3___inhisFacebook.“Todaywhiledeliveringmail,Isawaboyreadingads,andheaskedmeforextramail.Actuallyhewantstogotothelibrary,buthisfamilyisverypoorandcan’t___4___thebus.”ThemailmanthenaskedhisFacebookfriendsiftheycould___5___somebooksfortheboy.Hewrote,“Mostkidswantelectronicproducts!Butwhathewantsisbooks.It’sgreattoseehisrare___6___,andyoumayhaveseenhimsmilewhenIsaidIcouldhelphim!”“Heiscountingonme,”heconcluded.“SoIamcountingonyou!”ThemailmanthoughttheFacebookpostmight___7___50to60books.Buthis___8___waspassedonquickly.Peoplefromaroundtheworld,includingtheUK,AustraliaandIndia,havesentbooks.Hundredsofbookshavebeendeliveredtotheboy’sdoor,withhundredsmore___9___ontheirway.Whenbooksfirststartedarriving,Floreswasshockedbywhathappened.“Ithoughttheywere____10____,buttheyindeedwereforme.”Hesaysthathecan’twaittosharethebookswithotherkids,andhaspromisedtoreadeveryone.1.A.natural B.available C.common D.familiar2.A.frightened B.disappointed C.surprised D.amused3.A.response B.effort C.decision D.comment4.A.own B.take C.share D.afford5.A.adjust B.examine C.spare D.publish6.A.desire B.effect C.purpose D.value7.A.giveaway B.bringin C.takeon D.putup8.A.belief B.spirit C.secret D.request9.A.only B.nearly C.still D.thus10.A.mistaken B.helpless C.unusual D.awkward第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheInternationalWorkers’Day,also___11___(call)LaborDayorMayDay,servesasacelebrationofworkersacrossthewholesocialspectrum(范围).Chinesepeoplecelebratetheirholidaywitharangeofactivities.It’satime___12___relaxation,asworkersenjoyadayoff.Thisyear’sholidaylastedfromMay1toMay5,duringwhichtimemanypeoplechose___13___(travel)toscenicspots,goshopping,visitexhibitions,orjustenjoytheirtimeoffworkwithfamilyandfriends.Parksandpublicattractionsacrossthecountrywerefilledwithvisitorseagertoenjoytheirvacation.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。InMiskolc,anortheasterncityinHungary,FanLiyunhaswitnessed___14___acupofteamakesadifferenceinculturalexchanges.Fan,59,___15___(work)attheConfuciusInstituteoftheUniversityofMiskolcasaChineseteachercurrently.Sheobservesthattheinstituteisseeingmorestudentswhoarecuriousabouttheinstitute’scoursesthisspringsemester.“Weusuallyheldactivitiestoattractstudentsbeforenewsemesters.Butitseemsit’snolongernecessaryaswealmost___16___(finish)enrollmentbeforethissemesterstarted,saidFan,whowasknownasKristibyherstudents.“Ithinknowthenumberofstudents___17___(study)inourinstitutehasatleastdoubled,comparedtowhenIfirstarrivedherein2019.”C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thecrisisoffoodwasteand___18___(lose)hasreachedalarminglevelsglobally,graduallyweakeningeffortstoeliminatehunger,povertyandenvironmentalpollution,saidtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram(UNEP)inanewreportlaunchedWednesday.TheUNEPFoodWasteIndexReport2024thesecondeditionofthiskind,___19___(launch)inNairobi,theKenyancapital,aheadoftheInternationalDayofZeroWastewhichfallsonSaturday.Theworldwasted1.05billiontonsoffoodin2022,equivalentto132kilogramsperpersonandone-fifthofallfoodavailabletoconsumers,saidthereport___20___wasco-authoredbyUNEPandWRAP,aBritishenvironmentalcharity.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATherearemanywaystogetinvolvedandvolunteerattheNationalMuseumofAmericanHistory.BecomingaMuseumAmbassadorisoneofthem.Tolearnmoreaboutthisvolunteerprogram,pleaseseethedescriptionsbelow.MuseumAmbassadorsattheAmericanHistoryMuseumareamobilesourceofinformationthathelpsbridgethegapbetweentwoothervolunteergroupshereatthemuseum—informationdeskspecialists,whoprovideorientation(方向)assistancewhenguestsarrive,andvolunteerdocents(讲师),whoprovideHighlightstours,facilitatehands-ondemonstrationsandcirculatethroughmanyofourexhibitionstointeractwithvisitors.Eachyear,ourMuseumAmbassadorshelpover100,000peoplegetthemostoutoftheirvisitsbywelcominggroups,circulatingthroughoutthemuseum'spubliczonestoanswerbasicquestions,anddirectingvisitorstoprogramsandexhibitionsofinterest.ThemuseumhasalsoemployedtheMuseumAmbassadorstoassistwithspecialprojectsandeventsasneeded.TolearnmoreaboutwhatMuseumAmbassadorsdo,checkoutwhatLarryhassaid,“Asmuseumambassadors,wegettoshareinthecuriosityofachild,thenostalgia(怀旧)ofreturningvisitors,thetreasurehuntofstudentsassignedtofindimportanthistoricalobjects,andtheamazementofthoseexperiencingoureyeonthenation'shistoryforthefirsttime.Wecanhelprecommendameaningfulmuseumvisitjustforyou.There'smore.We'realsotrafficcopswhenelevatorsandescalatorsbreakandextraeyesformuseumsecurity."Ifyouenjoy…•interactingwithdiverseaudiences,agegroupsandlearningstyles.•workinginanoftenbusyandchangingenvironment.Ifyouhave…•stronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.•aninterestinhistoryandcommunication.Ifyoucan…committothreeshiftsamonth(weekdayAmbassadors)ortwiceamonth(weekendAmbassadors).Themuseumisopen364daysayear,includingweekendsandholidays.•handlefrequentwalking,standing,andtalking.ToApplyTolearnmoreinformationabouttheapplicationprocess,pleasecontactRuthShirley.NOTE:Acceptanceintotheprogramissubjecttosuccessfulcompletionofaninterviewandbackgroundinvestigation.21.WhichoneistheresponsibilityofMuseumAmbassadors?A.Toreceivevisitorsattheentrance.B.Totakefullchargeofmuseumsecurity.C.Todirectvisitorstotheirexhibitionsofinterest.D.Tohelpvisitorswithhands-ondemonstrations22.AqualifiedMuseumAmbassadorshould________.A.enjoycommunicatingwithpeopleB.speakatleasttwoforeignlanguagesC.haveacademicbackgroundinhistoryD.committoworkingthreeshiftsatweekends23Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto__________.A.introducevolunteerprogramsforteenagersB.providespecialtourstomeetdifferentneedsC.invitepeopletovisittheAmericanHistoryMuseumD.attractpotentialapplicantsforMuseumAmbassadorsB“No,”MamaLilsaiditplainandsimple.“Iain’tneverheardofnogirlstobedoingthat.Bebe,youneedtobegettingyourselfarealsummerjob,somethingcivilized.”I’dbeenlivingwithMamaLilsinceIwassix,whenmyownmamaanddaddywerekilledinanapartmentbuildingfire.LillianJohnswasmymom’smother.EverybodyonourstreetcalledherMamaLilandthatwaswhatIcalledhertoo.IhadbeenbuttingheadswithhereversinceIcouldremember.AndtheolderIgot,themoreatoddswewereandthemoreconflictsweexperienced.ForweeksI’dbeenaskingMamaLiltoletmejointheyouthrenovation(修缮)team.ItwasagroupofkidswhohadbeenchosenbycityofficialstoworkwithengineerstohelprepairtheBrooklynBridge.Theprojectwouldlastthesummerandpaygoodmoney.Itwouldhelpmegettocollege,whereIwantedtostudyengineering.ButforMamaLil,thethingthatmadeherthemoststubbornthistime,wasexactlymydreamofbecominganengineer.Insomerespects,MamaLilwasright.Itwastruethatthereweren’tmanyblackwomenengineers.ButIwantedtobuildbridgesmorethananything.“Letmego,MamaLil,”Ibeggedsoftly.MamaLilsatasstillasastatue.“MamaLil,”Isaidcarefully,“ifyoudon’tsignthebridgeprojectpermissionform,Iwillsignitmyself.Nobodywillknowthedifference.”Thenextmorning,MamaLil’seyeslookedred-tired.“I’mgoingtothebridge,”Isaidfirmly.“Iknow,Bebe,”shesaid.Fromherhousedresspocket,shetookoutapenandsignedtheform.“Bebe,thatbridgeisluckytohaveyou,”shesaid.IhuggedMamaLilgoodandhard,smilingbig,rightather.…Ahead,inthedistance,stoodtheBrooklynBridge.Thiswasthebestspottoseethebridge.I’dcometothiscornerandstudiedthebridgeamilliontimes.Andoneveryoneofthosetimes,IwastakenwithwhatI’dcometocallBrooklynBelle.Atnight,Bellewasdressedintinylight.Onacloudlessnightlikethisone,shewasasightlikenootherinthewholecity.Jeweledinlight.Beautiful.IhaddrawnBelleinthehigh-noonlight,atsunset,onsnowydays,andonfoggytwilightmornings...Iwasproudofmydrawings,butwitheachpagetheyshowedasadtruthaboutBelle:Sheneededrepair.Thatbridgerenovationprojectneededme;andIneededit,inmorewaysthanIcouldcount.24.MamaLilrefusedtosignthepermissionformmainlybecause______.A.shehadbecomestubborninheroldageB.shewouldn’tallowBebetohaveasummerjobC.shethoughtthebridgeprojectwastoodangerousD.shedidn’tsupportBebe’sdesiretobeanengineer25.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Bebelostherparentsinthebridgeproject.B.Bebelikedtodrawthebridgeonwintermornings.C.BebeandMamaLiloftengotintoargumentswitheachother.D.BebecalledhergrandmaMamaLilbecauseshewashermom’smother.26.Bymentioningthename“BrooklynBelle”,theauthorintendstohelpreaders______.A.recallthehistoryofthebridgeB.appreciatethebridge’sbeautyC.ignorethedamagetothebridgeD.imaginethebridge’sfuturelook27.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethethemeofthisstory?A.Dreamsknownocolororgender.B.Eldersalwaysmakethebestdecisions.C.Conflictusuallyresolvesitselfintheend.D.Pridewinsoutbutmakesthingsmoredifficult.CWhenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.ThesameenzymesarealsolockedawayinthecellsofBrassicavegetableslikebroccoliandcauliflower.Whenwechewbroccoli,theseenzymesspilloutoftheirstoragecontainerswhilethoseinourmouthstarttowork.Theseenzymesbreakdownacompound(化合物)calledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetables,andthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules(分子).Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.Accordingtothesepaststudies,whendifferentadultsconsumebroccoli,therecanbeahugedifferenceinhowmanyunpleasantsmellsthefoodletsoffastheirsaliva-borneenzymesbreakittobits.Buttheauthorswonderedwhetherthesamedifferencecanbeseeninkids,whoareusuallymoresensitivetobitterandsourtastes.Theysuspectedthatkidswhosesalivaproducedthemostsmelly,SMCSO-sourcedcompoundswouldshowthestrongestdislikeforbroccoli.Andtheteam’snewstudyprovedtheirassumption.Whilebothadults’andkids’salivaproducedsmellycompoundswhenexposedtocauliflower,thesesmellsdidnotinfluencewhetheradultslikedthevegetable.Ontheotherhand,kidswhosesalivaproducedhighconcentrationsofthesesmellsreportedhatingcauliflowerthemost.Thenewstudyincluded98pairsofparentsandchildrenaged6to8.Aftertakingsamplesofeachparticipant’ssaliva,thescientistsmixeditintorawcauliflowerpowder.TheymeasuredtheSMCSO-sourcedsmellcompoundsletoffandfoundeachparticipant’ssalivageneratedadifferentquantityofsmells.Interestingly,thedegreeofsicklysmellproductionwassimilarbetweenparents’salivaandtheirchildren’s.Thisindicatesthatparentsandkidslikelycarrysimilarbacteriaintheirmouths,whichwouldcausethemtoproducesimilarlevelsofcysteinelyases.Oursensesoftasteandsmellarestrongestinyouth,whichmaymakekidsevenmoresensitivetothesedifferencesinflavor.Thesamepreferencepatternisnotseeninadults,whoalsoproduceplentyofbadsmells.ThissuggeststhattheadultscametotoleratethetasteofBrassicavegetables.Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore.28.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thefunctionofmouthbacteria. B.Thecauseofanunpleasantflavor.C.ThefeatureofBrassicavegetables. D.Theformofenzymesinourmouth.29.Whatdopreviousstudiesindicate?A.SMCSO-breakdowndependsonvariousenzymes.B.EnzymesdeterminethetasteofBrassicavegetables,C.Individualsreleasevaryingamountsofsmellmolecules.D.Kidsproducingthemostsmellshate-broccoliparticularly.30.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Wemightacceptsomefoodsthroughrepeatedexposure.B.Thelevelofsmellsmayaffectanadult’stastepreference.CParents’andtheirkids’saliva-borneenzymesdon’tmatchD.Kids’salivacouldproducehigherconcentrationsofsmells.DConsiderthesefacts:ThetennischampionWilliamssistersareagenerationapart,accordingtothePewResearchCenter.Venus,bornin1980,islabelled“GenX”;Serena,bornin1981,isa“millennial”.Meanwhile,DonaldTrumpandMichelleObamabothbelongtothesamegeneration.Theformerwasbornin1946whilethelatterwasbornin1964,makingthemboth“babyboomers”.Beforeyoupushthesediversepersonalitiesintogenerationalstereotypes(刻板印象)letmestopyouthere:Justdon’t.Generationlabels,althoughwidelyadoptedbythepublic,havenobasisinsocialreality.Infact,inonerecentsurvey,mostpeopledidnotidentifythecorrectgenerationforthemselves,evenwhentheywereshownalistofoptions.Thisisnotsurprisingsincethelabelsareforcedbysurveyresearchers,journalistsormarketingfirmsbeforetheidentitiestheyaresupposedtodescribeevenexist.Insteadofaskingpeoplewhichgrouptheyidentifywithandwhy,theyjustdeclarethelabelsandstartmakingpronouncementsaboutthem.That’snothowsocialidentityworks.Thepracticeofnaming“generations”basedonbirthyeargoesbackatleasttothesupposed“lost-generation”ofthelate19thcentury.Butasthetraditionslidintoanever-endingcompetitiontobethefirsttoproposethenextnamethatsticks,ithasproducedgraduallydecliningreturnstosocialscienceandthepublicunderstanding.Thesupposedboundariesbetweengenerationsarenomoremeaningfulthanthenamesthey’vebeengiven.Thereisnoresearchidentifyingtheappropriateboundariesbetweengenerations,andthereisnostatisticalbasisforrequiringthesweepingcharactertraits(特征)thatarebelievedtodefinethem.Inonearticleyoumightreadthatmillennialsare“liberallions”,“downwardlymobile”,and“distrustful”;eventhoughtheyalso“getalongwellwiththeirparents,respecttheireldersandworkwellwithcolleagues”.Ridiculous,clearly.Butwhat’stheharm?Aren’ttheselabelsjustabitoffunforwriters?Amethodtoattractreadersandawayofcommunicatinggenerationalchange,whichnoonewoulddenyisarealphenomenon?We,inacademicsocialscience,studyandteachsocialchange,butwedon’tstudyandteachtheselabelsbecausetheysimplyaren’treal.Andinsocialscience,realitystillmatters.Worsethanirrelevant,suchbaselesslabelsdrivepeopletowardstereotypingandthoughtlesscharacterjudgment.Measuringanddescribingsocialchangeisessential,anditcanbeusefultoanalyzethehistoricalperiodinwhichpeoplewerebornandraised,butdrawingrandomlinesbetweenbirthyearsandassigningnamestothemdoesn’thelp.Todaytherearelotsofgoodalternativestolabelgenerations.Wecansimplydescribepeoplebythedecadeinwhichtheywerebornanddefinegenerationalgroupsspecificallyrelatedtoaparticularissue—suchas2020schoolkids.Withthearrivalof“GenerationZ”,therehasneverbeenabettertimetogetoffthistrain.31.WhatdothefactslistedinParagraph1imply?A.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutgenerationlabels.B.Peoplewiththesamegenerationlabelmaynotbeofsimilarage.C.Generationalchangecanbemeasuredbygenerationlabels.D.Generationlabelsarewidelyadoptedbycelebrities.32.Theunderlinedword“sticks”inParagraph4probablymeans______.A.isunderstood B.isanalyzed C.isdescribed D.isaccepted33.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.AthegenerationlabelisaharmlessdevicewritersusetoreflectrealityB.generationboundariesaremoremeaningfulthangenerationlabelsC.assigningcharactertraitstoacertaingenerationismisguidedD.journalistsshouldfindalternativewaystojudgecharacter34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Generationlabels:It’shightimetoretirethemB.Generationlabels:TheongoingdebatewillneverendC.Generationlabels:Whatdotheysayaboutwhoweare?D.Generationlabels:Expandorbridgegenerationaldifferences?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Istherealinkbetweensocialmediaanddepression?Dosocialmediahaveanegativeimpactonyourmentalhealth?It’scomplicated.Inarecentstudy,theinvestigatorscomparedsocialmediauseanddepressionbetweenteens.___35___Specifically,foreveryhourperdaythatoneteenspentonsocialmediamorethanherpeers,shelikelyhada0.64pointhigherdepressionscore.Adifferentstudypublishedin2018identifiedfivedistincttypesofsocialmediausers.Thefindingwasthat"problematicsocialmediause"wasoneofthemainthemesforpeoplewhosementalhealthwasaffectedbysocialmedia.Youcanhavealcoholinyourlifewithoutitbeingaproblem,oryouralcoholusemaybecomeproblematic.___36___There'soneimportantthingtorememberaboutsurveyresearchjustbecausetwothingshappentogether,it'snotnecessarilytruethatonecausestheother.___37___Forallweknow,itcouldbethatpeoplewhoarealreadymoredepressedchoosetospendmoretimeonsocialmedia.___38___Ifyouthinkthatweshouldn'tpaintsocialmediawithonebroadbrush,you'reontherighttrack.Ontheonehand,participantsoftendescribedsocialmediaasavaluablewaytocopewithstress.Ontheotherhand,cyberbullyingviasocialmediawasalsoacommonexperienceforparticipants.Somealsosaidthatconstantlycheckingtheirownsocialmediaprofilewasstressful.It’scertainlypossiblethatexperienceslikecyberbullying,comparingyourselftoidealizedimages,andconstantlymonitoringyourprofile,arebadforyourmood.It'salsotrueformanythatsocialmediaoffercommunitysupportandpositivemessages.Giventheinconclusiveresearch,it'ssafetosaythatatleastweshouldn'twriteoffsocialmediaaltogether.___39___Anyway,youcannotuseitasacrutchforcopingwithotherstressorsandmentalhealthproblems.A.It'sthesamewithsocialmedia.B.Socialmediacanbeadouble-edgedsword.C.Peoplegetmoreopinionatedaboutthepotentialproblemsofsocialmedia.D.Theyfoundthatthosewhousedsocialmediamorehadhigherdepressionscores.E.Theyreviewedallexistingresearchandfoundthattherewerebothbenefitsanddrawbacks.F.Thekeytobenefitingfromsocialmediamaylieinusingitinmoderationandstayingsociallyconnected.G.Forexample,justbecausehighersocialmediauseco-occurswithhigherlevelsofdepressiondoesn'tmeansocialmediausecausesdepression.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Whatmakessomepeopleincapableofapologizingevenwhenthey’reclearlyinthewrong?Peoplewhocannotapologizeoftenhavedeepfeelingsoflowself-worth.Whentheirdelicateego(自我)cannotabsorbtheblowofadmittingtheywerewrong,theirdefensemechanismskickin—theymayplaceblameandevenargueaboutbasicfactstopreventthethreatofhavingtolowerthemselvesbyofferinganapology.Unfortunately,manyofusmistakenlyinterpretthesepeople’sdefensivenessasasignofpsychologicalstrength.That’s