专题20：完形填空 -2023年中考英语考试研究（解析版）（上海专用）

专题20完形填空1.（2022·上海中考真题）Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（12分）StarWomanWangZhenyi(王贞仪)(1768—1797)HaveyoueverheardofWangZhenyi?Perhapsmostofusdidn’tknowthisgreatnameuntilshewasintroducedinaCCTVprogramme.WangZhenyiwasagreatChinese____61____.ShewasbornintheQingDynasty.Atthattime,girlshadnochancetogetaformaleducation.However,herfatherandgrandfatherwereopen-minded.Theythoughtgirlsshouldshareequalopportunitieswithboys.They____62____hertoreadthebooksintheirhomelibrary.WangZhenyieducatedherselfandreadalotaboutastronomy(thestudyofthestars,planets,etc.),maths,geographyaswellasmedicine.Later,shedecidedto____63____astronomy.Inhertime,manypeopleexpectedthestarstotellwhatwasgoingtohappen.Theythoughtcertaineventsinthesky,suchaslunareclipses(月食)happenedwhengodswereangry.ButWangZhenyithoughtdifferently.Shebelievedinfactsandobservation.Inordertoexplainthose“strange”events,shedidsome____64____.Inone,sheusedaroundtableastheEarth,alampastheSunandamirrorastheMoon.Shemovedthemaroundtoshowwhat____65____happensduringalunareclipse:whentheEarthispassingdirectlybetweentheSunandtheMoon,thesunlightcannotreachtheMoonandtheMoon“disappears”.Throughouthershortlife,WangZhenyiwrotemanyarticlesaboutherresearch.Inherarticles,sheexplaineddifficultideasinclearand____66____wayssothatpeoplecouldunderstandsciencemoreeasily.Shehelpedmakescienceavailabletomorepeople.61.A.doctor B.scientist C.lawyer D.teacher62.A.invited B.selected C.followed D.encouraged63.A.relyon B.showoff C.focuson D.talkabout64.A.exercises B.drawings C.reviews D.experiments65.A.actually B.suddenly C.nearly D.recently66.A.simple B.polite C.funny D.traditional【答案】61.B62.D63.C64.D65.A66.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了清朝著名女科学家——王贞仪。【61题详解】句意：王贞仪是一位伟大的中国科学家。doctor医生；scientist科学家；lawyer律师；teacher老师。根据文章最后“Shehelpedmakescienceavailabletomorepeople.”可知，王贞仪是一位科学家。故选B。【62题详解】句意：他们鼓励她阅读家里图书馆里的书。invited邀请；selected选择；followed跟随；encouraged鼓励。根据上文“However,herfatherandgrandfatherwereopen-minded.Theythoughtgirlsshouldshareequalopportunitieswithboys.”可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父思想开放，鼓励王贞仪阅读书籍；encouragesb.todosth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故选D。【63题详解】句意：后来，她决定专攻天文学。relyon依赖；showoff炫耀；focuson集中于，专注于；talkabout谈论。根据上文“WangZhenyieducatedherselfandreadalotaboutastronomy(thestudyofthestars,planets,etc.),maths,geographyaswellasmedicine.”可知，起初，王贞仪自学天文学、数学、地理和医学，后来她决定专注于天文学这一门学科。故选C。【64题详解】句意：为了解释那些“奇怪”的事件，她做了一些实验。exercises练习；drawings图纸；reviews评论；experiments实验。根据下文“sheusedaroundtableastheEarth,alampastheSunandamirrorastheMoon”可知，把一张圆桌作为地球，一盏灯作为太阳，一面镜子作为月亮，这是王贞仪为解释自然现象所做的实验。故选D。【65题详解】句意：她将它们四处移动，以展示月食期间实际发生的情况：当地球直接穿过太阳和月球之间时，阳光无法到达月球，月球“消失”。actually实际上；suddenly突然；nearly几乎；recently最近。根据下文“whentheEarthispassingdirectlybetweentheSunandtheMoon…”可知，王贞仪在实验中验证月食期间实际发生的情况。故选A。【66题详解】句意：在她的文章中，她用清晰、简单的方式解释难懂的观点，让人们更容易理解科学。simple简单的；polite礼貌的；funny有趣的；traditional传统的。根据下文“sothatpeoplecouldunderstandsciencemoreeasily”可知，王贞仪以一种简单明了的方式让人们更容易理解科学。故选A。2.（2021·上海中考真题）Whatdoyouneedforaninventiontobeasuccess?Tobeginwith,goodtimingisvery45.Youcanhaveagoodideawhichthepublicdoesn’twantyet.TakeGiovanniCaselliasanexample.Heinventedthefirstfaxmachineinthe1860s.Thoughthequalitywasexcellent,hisinventionquickly46.Thefaxmachinedidnotbecomeanecessarypieceofequipmentineveryofficeuntilthe1980s.Moneyalsohelps.TheFrenchmanDenisPapinhadtheideaforasteamenginealmostahundredyearsbeforeJamesWattwasborn.Denisneverhadenoughmoneyto47one.Youalsoneedtobepatient.Ittookscientistsnearlyeightyyearstoinventalightbulb.48,youshouldn’tbetooslow.Inthe1870s,ElishaGraydevelopedplansforatelephone.Graysawitonlyas“abeautifultoy”.WhenhefinallysentdetailsofhisinventiontothePatentOffice(专利局)onFebruary14th,1876,itwastoo49.Almostthesamedesignshadarrivedjusttwohoursearlier.TheyoungmanwhosentthemwasAlexanderGrahamBell.Heisrememberedastheinventorofthetelephone.Ofcoursewhatyoureallyneedisawonderfulidea.Ifyouhaven’tgotone,awalkinthecountrysideandacarefullookat50canhelp.TheSwissscientist,GeorgedeMestral,hadtheideaforVelcro(粘扣)whenhefoundhisclothescoveredinstickyseedpodsafterawalkinthecountryside.45．A．interesting B．important C．personal D．satisfying46．A．died B．improved C．spread D．appeared47．A．deliver B．repair C．use D．build48．A．However B．Instead C．Sofar D．Atlast49．A．modern B．difficult C．late D．old50．A．society B．nature C．pictures D．advertisements【答案】45.B46．A47．D48．A49．C50．B【分析】文章介绍了一项发明成功需要的几个条件。45．句意：首先，好的时机非常重要。interesting有趣的；important重要的；personal个人的；satisfying满足的；根据“Thoughthequalitywasexcellent,hisinventionquickly...Thefaxmachinedidnotbecomeanecessarypieceofequipmentineveryofficeuntilthe1980s.”可知，发明的时机是很重要的，故选B。46．句意：虽然质量很好，但他的发明很快就销声匿迹了。died死的；improved提高；spread传播；appeared出现；根据“Thefaxmachinedidnotbecomeanecessarypieceofequipmentineveryofficeuntilthe1980s.”可知，传真机的发明销声匿迹了，故选A。47．句意：丹尼斯从来没有足够的钱建造一个。deliver递送；repair修理；use使用；build修建；根据“Denisneverhadenoughmoney”及句意可知，是没有钱建造蒸汽机，故选D。48．句意：然而，你不应该太慢。However然而；Instead代替；Sofar到目前为止；Atlast最后；根据“Ittookscientistsnearlyeightyyearstoinventalightbulb.”以及“Inthe1870s...TheyoungmanwhosentthemwasAlexanderGrahamBell.”可知，此处是转折关系，应用however连接，故选A。49．句意：当他最终于1876年2月14日将自己发明的细节提交给专利局时，为时已晚。modern现代的；difficult困难的；late晚的；old老的；根据“Almostthesamedesignshadarrivedjusttwohoursearlier.”可知，此处说的是提交的专利已经晚了，故选C。50．句意：如果你还没有，在乡间散步和仔细观察大自然会有所帮助。society社会；nature自然；pictures图片；advertisements广告；根据“TheSwissscientist,GeorgedeMestral,hadtheideaforVelcro(粘扣)whenhefoundhisclothescoveredinstickyseedpodsafterawalkinthecountryside.”可知，此处指的是“观察大自然”，故选B。一：近年中考真题完形填空题型呈现以下特点:文体:说明文(6年3考)、论文(62)、记文2016);话题:青少年成长(6年3考)、科技发明(2021)、社会现象(2018)、教育引导(2016);词数和段落:词数:250~330个，生词0~2个;段落:以4~6段居多;微技能:语境推断(6年23考)、汇复现(6年8考)、生活/文化常识(6年3考)、逻辑推理(2021.68,2020.80)二：近年中考真题完形填空题型考点分布情况如下:2020年中考真题HowtoSucceedinHighSchoolYouhavebeenfamiliarwiththelearningenvironmentinyourmiddleschool,anditfeelslikehome.Soitisnotalwayseasytosay"75"tomiddleschool.Afterenteringhighschool,youmayfacesomenewchallenges.Theschoolworkmaybecomemoredifficultandrequiregreaterskills.Moststudentsneedsupport.Teachersandparentsmaygiveyouahand.However,youcan't76othersallthetime.Whatcanyoudo？Herearesomesuggestions：Understandwhatkindoflearneryouare.Doyouneedsilencetofocus？ThenmakesuretheTVisnotonwhenyouarestudying.Provideyourselfwitha77learningenvironmentathome.Somestudentsfocusbetterinthemorning；othersatnight.Findtheright78sothatyoureffortswillworkwell.Learntobebetterorganized.Itmightbehelpfulwhenyougetusedtomakingato—do—litofallyourschoolwork,andcheckingeachitemoffwhenitiscompleted.Tryto79yourwork.Thiswillcreatesmaller,moremanageabletasksoutofthelargerones.Bigprojectsseemlessdifficultiftheyaredonestepbystep.Formgoodreadinghabits.Readeveryday—themore,thebetter.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatyouread.Readingnewspaperregularlyisagoodchoice.Newspapersprovideplentyofdetailsandbackground.80,informationyougetfromnewspapersisusuallyofficialandtrue.Highschoollifecanbeenjoyable.Oldfriendshipsmightcomeundoneandnewoneswilldevelop.Hopeyouwillfeelconfidentandperformwellinhighschool!75．A．hello B．bye—bye C．sorry D．thanks76．A．carefor B．dependon C．competewith D．worryabout77．A．warm B．clean C．quiet D．safe78．A．time B．place C．habit D．skill79．A．divide B．finish C．remember D．correct80．A．Forexample B．Inbrief C．Onaverage D．Inaddition【答案】75．B76．B77．C78．A79．A80．D【解析】75．句意：因此，对中学说“再见”并不总是那么容易。

hello喂；bye—bye再见；sorry对不起；thanks谢谢。根据“Youhavebeenfamiliarwiththelearningenvironmentinyourmiddleschool”可知你已经熟悉了你的中学的学习环境，所以对中学说再见是不容易的。故选B。76．句意：但是，你不能一直依赖别人。

carefor关心；dependon依赖；competewith与…竞争；worryabout担心。根据前文“Moststudentsneedsupport．Teachersandparentsmaygiveyouahand”可知老师和家长可能会帮助你，结合转折词however，所以此处是指：你不能总是依赖别人。故选B。77．句意：在家里为自己提供一个安静的学习环境。

warm温暖的；clean干净的；quiet安静的；safe安全的。根据“ThenmakesuretheTVisnotonwhenyouarestudying”可知要确保你学习的时候电视没有开着，所以此处是指找一个安静的环境。故选C。78．句意：找到合适的时间，使你的工作顺利进行。

time时间；place地点；habit习惯；skill技巧。根据“Somestudentsfocusbetterinthemorning；othersatnight”可知不同的学生需要的时间不一样，此处是指找到合适的时间，故选A。79．句意：尝试把工作分配一下。

divide分成；finish完成；remember记得；correct纠正。根据“Thiswillcreatesmaller，moremanageabletasksoutofthelargerones”可知这种方法可以将从大任务中创建更小、更易于管理的任务，所以此处是指把工作分成不同的类别。故选A。80．句意：另外，你从报纸上获得的信息通常是官方的和真实的。

Forexample例如；Inbrief简言之；Onaverage平均；Inaddition另外。根据“…informationyougetfromnewspapersisusuallyofficialandtrue”结合语境，可知是指：另外，你从报纸上得到的信息通常是官方的和真实的，故选D。2019年中考真题B.Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）Thismonth，wehadthehonorofinterviewingandsixlocalchange-makersagedfrom11to17.Theseweren’tstoppedbytheirageorsizeorlackofresources，theysawa___50___intheworldaroundthemandtostephepwheretheycould.Theysupportfemalesoldiersraisemoneythroughtheirefforts，teachotherkidsaboutlifelessons，andusetheirfreetimeto___51___theoldtreeswelovesodearlyinthecommunity.Eachofthemhadadultsintheirlivesencouragingandsupportingtheirwork.Wewerealsohonoredtointerviewafamouswriterforhisnewbook，StartNow!YouCanBeaChange-maker.Thebookexplainssomeoftheworld'sbigproblems-hunger，healthandanimalsindanger-inawaythatyoungchildrencanunderstand.Thebookshowsthem，throughotherkids'stories，howtheycanmakea___52___，too.Inourinterviewwiththewriter，hesharesthateachtimehischildrentakeasmallaction，suchasrecycling，hetalkswiththem.Heusesthemomenttodiscusshowsmallchangescanachieveagreateffect.It'sastepanyofuscantaketohelpchildrenrealizehow___53___theyare.Atthistimeofyear，weoftenhearlotsofquestionsfromparents.Themostoneis___54___，"Whatvolunteerchancesarethereforyoungchildrenunder16?”Thekidsintheinterviewandinthebookshowusthatparentsdon'thavetofindanorganizedeventfortheirkidstotakepartin.Theycancreatetheirownchances.Asparents，teachers，aunts，uncles，andfriends，it'sourjobto___55___forwhatspeakstoachild'sheart，helpthemtakethatfirststep，andwatchwhattheirlittlehandscando.Startnow，andyoucanraiseachange-maker.EditorofPARENTSMagazine50.A.sign B.need C.reason D.change51.A.worryabout B.climbup C.carefor D.cutdown52.A.plan B.mistake C.decision D.difference53.A.powerful B.generous C.happy D.active54.A.private B.useful C.common D.rude55.A.listen B.pay C.wait D.leave【答案】50.B51.C52.D53.A54.C55.A【解析】50.句意：他们没有因为年龄、规模或缺乏资源而停止，他们看到了周围世界的需求。A.sign标志；B.need需要；C.reason原因；D.change改变。根据上文Theseweren’tstoppedbytheirageorsizeorlackofresources可知下文是说需求。根据题意，故选B。51.句意：他们支持女性士兵通过努力筹集资金，教授其他孩子关于生活的课程，并利用空闲时间来照顾我们在社区中如此热爱的老树。A.worryabout担心；B.climbup爬山；C.carefor在乎，关心；D.cutdown砍倒。根据上文Theysupportfemalesoldiersraisemoneythroughtheirefforts，teachotherkidsaboutlifelessons可知下文是关心，照顾社区中的那棵老树。根据题意，故选C。52.句意：这本书通过其他孩子们的故事向他们展示了他们如何才能做出改变。A.plan计划；B.mistake犯错误；C.decision决定；D.difference不同。根据上文Thebookexplainssomeoftheworld'sbigproblems-hunger，healthandanimalsindanger-inawaythatyoungchildrencanunderstand.Thebookshowsthem，throughotherkids'stories可知，下文是展示他们如何改变，做出不同。短语makeadifference，表示有影响，发挥作用。根据题意，故选D。53.句意：这是我们任何人都可以采取的一个步骤来帮助孩子们认识到他们有多强大。A.powerful有动力的；B.generous慷慨的；C.happy高兴的；D.active积极的。根据上文It'sastepanyofuscantaketohelpchildrenrealize可知这里是说他们有多强大。故选A。54.句意：最常见的是，“对于16岁以下的儿童，志愿者的机会有多大？A.private私人的；B.useful有用的；C.common普通的；D.rude粗鲁的。根据上文Atthistimeofyear，weoftenhearlotsofquestionsfromparents.可知这里是说最普通的问题。故选C。55.句意：我们的工作就是倾听孩子的心声，帮助他们迈出第一步，观察他们的小手能做些什么。A.listen听；B.pay支付；C.wait等；D.leave离开。根据下文forwhatspeakstoachild'sheart，helpthemtakethatfirststep，andwatchwhattheirlittlehandscando.可知这里是说倾听。根据题意，故选A。2018年中考真题Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)ChinsMobile4G16:7443%Teachingmaterialdiscussiongroup(15)Hi!I'mdoingasurveyamteachingmaterialsinschool.Whatkindoftextbooksdoyouuse?Doyouthinktheuseofphotocopied(复印的)textbooksandnewspaperarticlesintheclassroomcanbeaccepted?Pleasegiveyour_____75.Theuseofsuchmaterialsiscertainlynot____76forwriters.Textbooksarelikeothercreativeworks.Manypeoplehavetoputtheireffortsinthewritingofabook.Theeffortsofthewritersandpublisherswillbetotallywastedifeveryonephotocopiestheirtextbooks.Icantimaginethat!Idon'tthinkitrighttousephotocopiedmaterialsevenintheclassroombecauseit'sagainstthelaw.Teachersshouldsetagoodexamplefortheirstudentsby______77thelaw.Copiedbooksareasgoodascopyrighted(正版的)ones,buttheydon't_____78much,usuallylessthanhalftheprice.Inaddition,itisso_____79tousecopiedmaterials.Whenwewanttosharesomethinggoodwejusthaveitphotocopied.IthinkphotocopyingisOKbecausepublishersarestillmakingalotofmoneyanyway.Mostofthetime,teachersmakesuretheirstudentsdonotusephotocopiedmaterials.ButIknowsometeachersdousephotocopiednewspaperarticlessometimes,astheirstudentsareeagertolearnmoretowidentheirviews.Asyouknow,teachersalwaysputthe_____80ofstudentsaboveanythingelse.Afterall,youcan'texpectallthestudentstobuynewspapersWow!Thankyouforsharingsomanyideas!75.A)thanksB)lessonsC)excusesD)opinions76.A)easyB)fairC)commonD)traditional77.A)changingB)explainingC)respectingD)making78.A)saveB)affectC)offerD)cost79A)convenientB)strangeC)excitingD)difficult80.A)actionsB)needsC)recordsD)attitudes75.【答案】D【解析】survey的目的就是收集大家的意见，下文也是大家的意见因而选D。76.【答案】B【解析】通过后文如果每个人用复印材料是对作者复出的浪费，对其不公平，因而选B。77.【答案】C【解析】通过前文用复印材料是违反法律可知后文是想讲老师应该带头尊重法律。78.【答案】D【解析】通过后文lessthanhalftheprice可知前文为花费的少。79.【答案】A【解析】通过后文的例子可知使用复印材料很方便。80.【答案】B【解析】通过前后文学生想学更多知识但不一定都会买报纸推断老师常以学生需求为先。2017年中考真题B.Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）75．ThefollowingarethepostsinanInternetchatroom．Inthischatroom，parentstalkaboutsomeoftheproblemstheyhavewiththeirchildren．Ask4adviceMarisaIsiteverOKtolietoachild？My10﹣year﹣oldsonplayssoccer．He'snotverygood，buthelovesit．Yesterdayheplayedvery（75）．Whenhefinishedthegame，heasked，"DidIplaywell？"Isaid，"Yes!You'reagreatsoccerplayer!"DidIdotherightthing？Bay212Yes，youdidtherightthing．Whiteliesarea（n）（76）partoflife．Sometimesyouhavetotellliesthatdonoharm．Yourpurposewastomakehimfeelgood．Nowhe'sreadytoplaysocceragain．BernieIdon'tthinkthereiseveragoodreasontolietoourchildren．Childrenlearnhonestyfromthe（77）theysee．Asparents，weshouldbehonestinordertoteachhonestytoourchildren．Everylierequiresfivemorelies．Ifyoukeephidingtruthfromthem，theywillnot（78）you．Theywillnotrespectyou．Honestyisthefirststeptoagoodparent﹣childrelationship．MissyYouliedtomakeyoursonfeelbetter，butyou（79）agoodchancetoteachhimalifelesson．Peopleshouldworkhardforwhattheywant．Maybenexttimeyoucansay，"No，youdidn'tplaywelltoday．Greatsoccerplayerspractisealot．Let'sgoandpractise．"Thetruthwilltakehim（80）andagoodsoccerplayer．ParvizParentsshouldbehonesttotheirchildren，buttheydon'thavetotellthewholetruth．Nexttimewhenyoursonasks，"DidIplaywell？"youcansay，"Whatdoyouthink？"Thenyoursoncantellyouwhathethinks．Thatway，everythingyousayistrue，andyouavoidtruththathurts．75．A．seriouslyB．carefullyC．happilyD．badly76．A．necessaryB．difficultC．dishonestD．interesting77．A．filmsB．detailsC．examplesD．teachers78．A．troubleB．rememberC．answerD．trust79．A．tookB．missedC．createdD．found80．A．strongB．confidentC．honestD．active75.【答案】D【解析】考查副词．A表示严格地；B表示仔细地；C表示开心地；D表示不好地．由Whenhefinishedthegame，heasked，"DidIplaywell？"Isaid，"Yes!You'reagreatsoccerplayer!"以及Marisa的疑问DidIdotherightthing和IsiteverOKtolietoachild可知他踢得不好，选D．76.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词．A表示必要的；B表示难的；C表示不诚实的；D表示有趣的．由Sometimesyouhavetotellliesthatdonoharm可知此处表示善意的谎言是生活的一部分，选A．77.【答案】C【解析】考查名词．A表示电影；B表示细节；C表示例子；D表示老师．由Idon'tthinkthereiseveragoodreasontolietoourchildren可知此处表示孩子们在他们看见的实例中来学会诚实，选C．78.【答案】D【解析】考查动词．A表示麻烦；B表示记得；C表示回答；D表示信任．由Ifyoukeephidingtruthfromthem可知此处表示他们就不会信任你了，选D．79.【答案】B【解析】考查动词．A表示带走；B表示错过；C表示创造；D表示发现．结合语境可知此处表示但是你错过了给他上关于生活的一课的好机会，选B．80.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词．A表示强的；B表示自信的；C表示诚实的；D表示积极的．由Let'sgoandpractise可推测此处表示真相会使他变强大，并成为优秀的足球运动员，选A．（2023·上海黄浦·一模）GetsetforreturningtoschoolPrepareyourselffortheyearaheadwiththesesimplesteps.Youmaybeheadingbacktoschoolorhavealreadystarted.It’snormaltofeelbothexcitedforanewschoolyearandsadthatthesummerbreakisending.Youmayalsofeelalittle____13____abouthavingnewclassroomsandteacherstomeet.Ifso,youarenot____14____!Herearesomewaystopreparefortheyearahead.LookonthebrightsideTherearemanygoodthingstogoingbacktoschool.Youmaygettoseefriendsmorefrequently,____15____.Ifyoudidn’tseeyourclassmatesmuchthissummer,nowyouwill.Ifyoudevelopedanewinterestincomicstripsorchessoverthesummer,youcould____16____whetherthereisaclubyoucouldjoinatschool.Ifnot,perhapsyoucouldstartone.Maybeyouwanttotryoutfortheschoolmusicalorcompeteinanafter-schoolsport.Trymakingalistoftheideasyoucomeupwithinanotebooksoyoucanreviewthemandfeelinspiredbythem.GathersuppliesIfyoureceiveyourschoolsuppliesinadvance,startlookingaroundyourhousefor____17____youmayalreadyhaveanddon’tneedtobuy.Askaparentifunusedschoolsuppliesarestoredsomewhereathome.____18____yourdeskorroomforpencils,pens,stickynotesandfoldersfromlastyearthatyoucoulduseagain.Thenputtheseitemsinyourbackpacksoit’sreadyforyourfirstday.13．A．angry B．nervous C．frightened D．tired14．A．alone B．single C．ready D．finished15．A．inaddition B．infact C．forexample D．asaresult16．A．findout B．carefor C．giveup D．staycalm17．A．cases B．ideas C．marks D．items18．A．Require B．Check C．Set D．Decorate【答案】13．B

14．A

15．C

16．A

17．D

18．B【导语】本文介绍了学生回到学校会激动或者紧张，文章为做好准备回校提供了一些建议。13．句意：你也可能对有新教室和与老师见面感到紧张。angry生气的；nervous紧张的；frightened害怕的；tired累的。根据语境“It’snormaltofeelbothexcitedforanewschoolyearandsadthatthesummerbreakisending.Youmayalsofeelalittle…abouthavingnewclassroomsandteacherstomeet.”可知，前文提到激动，后文提到有新教室或者和老师见面感到“紧张”，前后形成对比，故选B。14．句意：如果是这样，你不是独自奋战。alone孤独的；single单个的；ready准备好的；finished完成的。根据前后语境“It’snormaltofeelbothexcited…Youmayalsofeelalittle…abouthavingnewclassroomsandteacherstomeet.Ifso,youarenot…Herearesomewaystopreparefortheyearahead.”可知，你会紧张也会激动，下文提出给你一些建议，所以中间是“你并不是孤军奋战”。故选A。15．句意：例如，你也许更加频繁的见朋友。inaddition另外；infact事实上；forexample例如；asaresult因此。根据前一句和本句“Therearemanygoodthingstogoingbacktoschool.Youmaygettoseefriendsmorefrequently…”可知，返回学校有很多好处，例如，你会频繁见朋友，后句是前一句的例子。故选C。16．句意：如果你在整个夏天对连环画或者象棋产生了兴趣，你可以找出学校是否有你可以加入的俱乐部。findout找出；carefor关心；giveup放弃；staycalm保持冷静。根据语境“Ifyoudevelopedanewinterestincomicstripsorchessoverthesummer,youcould…whetherthereisaclubyoucouldjoinatschool.”可知，如果你在暑假发现了新的兴趣，你就能在学校“找出”你能加入的俱乐部。故选A。17．句意：如果你提前收到学校的供给品，开始四周看看你的房子，寻找一下你已经有且不需要买的物品。cases情况；ideas想法；marks记号；items物品。根据语境“Ifyoureceiveyourschoolsuppliesinadvance,startlookingaroundyourhousefor…youmayalreadyhaveanddon’tneedtobuy.”可知，学校如果提前发东西了，可以看看已经有的且不需要购买的“物品”了，故选D。18．句意：检查你的桌子或房间里是否有去年可以再次使用的铅笔、钢笔、便利贴和文件夹。Require要求；Check检查；Set设置；Decorate装饰。根据语境“…yourdeskorroomforpencils,pens,stickynotesandfoldersfromlastyearthatyoucoulduseagain.”可知，“检查”一下房间或者书桌上去年用过的东西是否还能再次使用，故选B。（2023·上海闵行·一模）Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)Somepeoplefindvisitingordinarymuseumstobeabitdry.Luckilyforthem,thereareunusualmuseumstocheckout,suchasunderwatermuseums!Manyunderwatermuseumsare____19____bycompaniesthatofferguidedtours.Dependingonthedepthofthemuseum,visitorsmaybeabletoviewthesculpturesfromaglassbottomedboatorbyswimmingonthesurface.Otherunderwatermuseumsaredeeperandaremostsuitablefordivers.Oneoftheirmainpurposesistocreateaman-madereef(礁)environmentwhereseacreaturescanlive.That’s____20____someofthemuseumsarelocatedinareasthatweredamagedbyhurricanes(飓风)orareconsideredunderwater“deserts”.Thestatuesinthemuseumaredesignedinawaythatencouragesthegrowthofcoralandplantlife.Overtime,thestatutesandplantsattractedmoreandmorefishtothearea.Florida,U.S.AFloridaishometodifferenttypesofunderwatermuseums.Thestate’snewestunderwatermuseum,theUnderwaterMuseumofArtcanbefoundoffthecoastofGraytonBeach.ThispartoftheGulfofMexicoisanunderwaterdesert,socreatorshopethattheexhibitwill____21____theoceanenvironment.Cancun,MexicoForyears,Cancunhasbeenapopular____22____.Andoneofthemajordrawsisthewater.TheMuseoSubacuaticaodeArteisanidealplacefordivers.Theretheycanenjoymorethan500statuesthathelptobuildaman-madereef.Thismuseumwascreatedtogivevisitorsanotherchoicebecausethearea’s____23____reefhasbeendamaged.CanaryIslands,SpainMuseoAtlanticohasanimpressivedisplayofmorethan300statues.Theyfocusonman’sinteractionwiththemarineworld.Ifyouarelookingforadifferentmuseum____24____,checkoutonethat’sunderwater!19．A．predicted B．supported C．divided D．examined20．A．why B．how C．what D．where21．A．discover B．imagine C．manage D．improve22．A．magictower B．weatherforecast C．touristdestination D．openingceremony23．A．national B．natural C．colorful D．beautiful24．A．experience B．address C．guide D．business【答案】19．B

20．A

21．D

22．C

23．B

24．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍与众不同的水下博物馆。19．句意：许多水下博物馆都得到了提供导游服务的公司的支持。predicted预测；supported支持；divided划分；examined检查。根据“Manyunderwatermuseumsare...bycompaniesthatofferguidedtours.”可知，水下博物馆得到了提供导游服务的公司的支持。故选B。20．句意：这就是为什么一些博物馆位于被飓风破坏的地区或被认为是水下“沙漠”的地区。why为什么；how如何；what什么；where哪里。根据“That’s...someofthemuseumsarelocatedinareasthatweredamagedbyhurricanes(飓风)orareconsideredunderwater“deserts”.”和上下文内容可知，此处在解释原因，故选A。21．句意：墨西哥湾的这一部分是水下沙漠，所以创作者希望这次展览能改善海洋环境。discover发现；imagine想象；manage管理；improve改善。根据“socreatorshopethattheexhibitwill...theoceanenvironment”可知，希望能改善海洋环境，故选D。22．句意：多年来，坎昆一直是受欢迎的旅游胜地。magictower魔法塔；weatherforecast天气预报；touristdestination旅游胜地；openingceremony开幕式。根据“Cancunhasbeenapopular...”可知，坎昆是受欢迎的旅游胜地，故选C。23．句意：这座博物馆的建立是为了给游客提供另一种选择，因为该地区的天然珊瑚礁已经遭到破坏。national国家的；natural自然的；colorful彩色的；beautiful美丽的。根据“Thismuseumwascreatedtogivevisitorsanotherchoicebecausethearea’s...reefhasbeendamaged.”可知，天然珊瑚礁已经遭到破坏，故选B。24．句意：如果你正在寻找一种不同的博物馆体验，那就去看看水下博物馆吧！experience经历；address地址；guide导游；business生意。根据“Ifyouarelookingforadifferentmuseum...,checkoutonethat’sunderwater!”可知，是不同的博物馆体验，故选A。（2023·上海静安·一模）CanAnimalsPredictEarthquakes?DearScientistSam,Inoticedmydogactingverynervouslyonlyafewminutesbeforearecentearthquakeshookthehouse.