浏览该文件-proverbs,idiomsands第六讲

浏览该文件-proverbs,idiomsands第六讲Proverbs,IdiomsandSayingsDefinitionofProverbSayingsomethingwilloften,orevennormally,producecertainconsequentialeffectsuponthefeelings,thoughts,oractionsoftheaudience,orofthespeaker,orofotherpurposeofproducingthem…Weshallcalltheperformanceofanactofthiskindtheperformanceofaperlocutionaryact.

Proverbsandculture

InorderthatEnglishproverbsmaybeutilizedinanappropriatefashionbyChinesespeakersofEnglishitisimportantthatthenon-nativespeakerunderstandtheculturalfoundationbehindthephonological,lexical,andsyntacticstructureofsuchutterances.DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbs

(指令性的和非指令性的谚语)

DirectiveactisdescribedbyBachandHarnishas“theactthatexpressthespeaker’sattitudetowardsomeprospectiveactionbythehearerandhisintentionthathisutterance,ortheattitudeitexpress,betakenasareasonforthehearer’saction.”DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbsNon-directive:theactthatexpressthespeaker’sbeliefandhisintentionordesirethatthehearerhaveorformalikebelief.Non-directivescanbefurtherclassifiedintothreecategoriesbasedoncontentorsyntacticform:MoralAphorisms,Homilies,andAphoristicSentences.(非指令性的谚语可以分为有道德寓意的警句、基于常识的格言以及句子结构不完整的警句式的句子)ThemainfeaturesofChineseproverbs1.theimmensenumber:foralmostallconceivablesituations2.

thedistinctiveChinesequality3.

thenumberreflectingsocialinequalitiesandthefeelingsofthosedeprivedandoppressed.4.

theinfluenceofBuddhismonChinesecustomsandthinking5.

focusonsocialharmony,orbrotherhood.中英文谚语相似的指令性谚语1.三思而后行Lookbeforeyouleap---WhiletheEnglishproverbisorientedtowardphysicalaction,“leap”and“look”,constitutingthree-dimensionalimagery,theChinesesayingismathematicallylinear:“thrice”andnon-physical:“think”,amorestaticimagery.2.教不严师之惰（玉不琢不成器）Sparetherodandspoilthechild TheoldestversionofthisproverbisintheOldTestamentoftheBible(Proverbs23:34):“Hethatsparethhisrodhatethhisson;buthethatlovethhimchastenthhimbetimes.” SamuelButlerwrotethefollowingcouplet:“Loveisaboybypoetsstyled;/Thensparetherod,andspoilthechild.”3.夜长梦多 Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.4.孤注一掷 Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket5.打草惊蛇 Letsleepingdogslie.6.今日事今日毕 Don’tputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.非指令性谚语

1.物以类聚 Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.1．

绣花枕头 Beautyisonlyskindeep.2．

近朱者赤近墨者黑 Cleanlinessisnexttogodliness(Redisnexttoscarlet)3．

金玉其外败絮其中 Allthatglittersisnotgold.4．

忠厚传家久 Charitybeginsathome.5．

与人方便自己方便 Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldn’tthrowstones6．

与人方便自己方便 Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldn’tthrowstones7有胜于无 Betterlatethannever.8．人多好办事 Manyhandsmakelightwork.9．这山望着那山高。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.10．欲速则不达 Hastemakeswaste.11．未雨绸缪 Astitchintimesavesnine.12．生米煮成熟饭 It’sfoolishtocryoverspiltmilk.13．新官上任三把火 Anewbroomsweepsclean.14．亲戚远来香邻居高打墙 Absencemakestheheartfonder.15．雷声大雨点小 Abarkingdogseldombites.16．气宽寿长Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.17．纸包不住火Wherethere’ssmoke,there’sfire. 18．不怕慢只怕站不怕站只怕转 Arollingstonegathersnomoss.19．省了盐酸了酱 Pennywise,poundfoolish.

英汉谚语表面相似的例如：

1.gildingthelily≠锦上添花TheEnglishproverbimpliessth.alreadyfine,goodorbeautifulbyaddingsthinanattempttomakeitbetter.2挂羊头卖狗肉≠hangupasheep’sheadandselldog-meat.Trytopalmoffsth.inferiortowhatitpurportstobe.IdiomsOfallthedifferentkindsofEnglishidioms,perhapsthehardesttolearnarethosecomprisingthefortyorsomostcommonverbsinvariouscombinationswithaboutadozenprepositionsoradverbslikeup,down,in,out,on,off.Thedifferentmeaningsofsuchcombinationsamounttoseveralhundred,andtheconfusionthattheycauseforthelearnerisimmense.Beforehegetsthehangofhowtousethemhe’llmakealotofmistakes.Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter,butthatshouldn’tputhiminastew.Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings.Youmightsaythat’spartofthegame.受历史文化影响形成的习语

1.航海与美国早期文化Allaboard!请大家上船/上车！runafoulof与…相撞，与…缠绕/与…相抵触；与…发生纠葛backandfill船顺流而下时不断调整风帆，使船蜿蜒前行/不断改变立场，朝三暮四burnone’sboats自断退路inthesameboat处于同样的命运中incommission（船舰）服现役的/可以运转的outofcommission（船舰）推出现役的/损坏的hailfrom（船）来自…./（人）来自…takeinsail卷缩风蓬/抑制雄心；减少活动smoothsailing一帆风顺；轻而易举的事情turnatide（船）逆流而上/反潮流；反抗indeepwaters在困境中inroughwater灾难重重；处于混乱状态pouroilontroubledwaters平息风波/平息怒气由大海和航行引申出来的词组有：

floatingcapital流动资产 floatingmoney游资 floatingcargo 未到货 floatingpopulation流动人口 floatingfund 浮游资金 floatingsupply浮动库存 floatinggoods过境货物，在途货物 floatingtrade海上贸易floatingisland浮岛，蛋白（蛋羹） floatingvoter无党派投票人floatingloan流动贷款2.牛仔用语及其引申含义

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