2024年高考二轮复习-七选五解题思路策略方法技讲义巧及专项练习（教师版）

专题：七选五解题思路方法策略实操练习【2023JKJ】答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页2/2试题简述文章体裁通常以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文和议论文，结构清晰，一般是总分结构，缺少5个句子，对应有7个选项，要根据文章结构、内容，逻辑，选出正确的句子。主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。考验学生阅读过程中分析和匹配原文与选项信息的能力

设空位置分类特点按位置：段首【后一句或多句与此题逻辑联系最紧密，语义粘性最大】段中【前后句或多句与此题逻辑联系最紧密，语义粘性最大】段尾【前一句或多句与此题逻辑联系最紧密，语义粘性最大】按功能：主旨概括句语段过渡句细节注释句

解题思路：空前空后句子的粘性和逻辑关联度

步骤：1.看标题，首尾段，标题型提示句，扫读预测文章大意话题结构2.看选项，找出潜在可能和文章相对应的关键信息词或结构3.通读全文，查看主题句，分析篇章段落结构，确定匹配信息范围，匹配关键词4.看空前空后【括号圈定前一句和后一句】，重点分析之间的逻辑性5.灵活掌握答题顺序(先易后难)6.代入答案，整体验证，重点核查逻辑关系。

解题策略方法：1)词汇复现和同现法【词义照应】复现是在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现的形式主要是指同词（同源词）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现，上下义词/同一范畴词等。同一范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现

2）名词和代词线索代词的作用无非是指代上下文提及的名词或句子，巧妙利用名词和代词的指代关系和单复数的形式帮助解题。

3）逻辑关系线索【句意衔接词】并列与递进关系：and,also,further,moreover,what’smore,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso,firstly,secondly,thirdly….等;因果关系：so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等；转折与让步关系：however,nevertheless,though,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary,otherwise,while,ratherthan,evenif,despite,fortunately等。解释in

fact,

actually,

for

example,

in

other

words,

that

is

to

say,

as

a

matter

of

fact

4）结构策略：句式结构和语篇结构试题实操演练解读：教学指导标记：【】标记粘性最大，逻辑关联最紧密的信息语句范围或标记题型类别底色标记关键名词和代词，复现词，结构语句的对于解题的提示作用底色标记语篇结构和句式结构对于解题的提示作用底色标记逻辑关系词，连贯词对于解题的提示作用ChooseOptimismOptimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.【Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slifetofindasensiblebasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.1【段中】It’sourdecision.】Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?2【段首】【Thewayyoulookatlifewilldeterminehowyoufeel,howyouperformandhowwellyouwillgetalongwiththeotherpeople.Onthecontrary,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;】theybecomeaself-fulfillingprediction.Pessimismcreatesadarkplacewherenoonewantstolive.【Optimismdoesn’tneedtobenaïve(无知的).3【段中】Someofthemarenotdealtwitheasily.】Butwhatadifferenceoptimismmakesintheattitudeoftheproblemsolver!Forexample,throughtheyearsI’veheardsomepeoplesaythatthemoneyspentonourspaceprogramhasbeenwasted.“Insteadofspending$455milliontoputamanonthemoon,”theysay,“whynotspendthatmoneyhereonearthonthepovertyproblem?”Butwhenyouaskthemexactlyhowtheywouldspendthatmoneytosolvethepovertyproblem,mostofthemdon’thaveananswer.【“Givemeasolution,”Itellthem,“andI’llraiseyouthemoney.”Anoptimistdoesnotjustcriticize.】4【段尾】Optimismdistractsourattentionawayfromnegativismandchannelsitintopositive,constructivethinking.【Whenyou’reanoptimist,you’remoreconcernedwithproblem-solvingthanwithuselesscomplaintsaboutissues.5【段中】Ittakesadreamer-someonewithhopelesslyoptimisticideas,greatpersistence,andunlimitedconfidence-totackleaproblemthatbig.】It’syourchoice.A．Thegoodinlifefaroutweighsthebad.B．Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse(诅咒).C．Anoptimisticattitudeisnotaluxury;it’sanecessity.D．Hethinksinpositivetermsabouthowtoaddresstheissue.E．Youcanbeanoptimistandstillrecognizethatproblemsexist.F．Infact,withoutoptimism,issuesasbigandongoingaspovertyhavenohopeofsolution.G．America’sspaceprogramresultedinmanypositivediscoveriesthathavebenefitedmankind.Key：1．B2．C3．E4．D5．FHowIImprovedMyLifein2022Bytheturnof2022,IthoughtIwaslivingmindfullyandrathersustainably.Ihadbeencomposting(做堆肥)fruitandvegetableleftovers,andrepairingmyownclothes.【Butaslifewaseasingbackintonormal,certainaspectsmademefeeluncomfortable,liketheamountofplasticbeingthrownaway.1【段中】.ThesefeelingsmademerealizetherewasstillroomforimprovementandIwasupforitthroughouttheyear.】Takeupwalking.Thebiggestchangethisyearformehasbeentotakeupwalkingwholeheartedly.Havingspentsomuchtimeindoors,IwantedtohaveagentleformofexercisewhereIcouldenjoytheoutdoors.Istartedwalking.【Walkingconnectedmetothebeautifulcreaturesthatliveamongus.】2【段尾】.Tackleplasticwaste.【ItwasonlyafterIstartedcompostingthatIrealizedhowmuchorganicwasteevenasmallhouseholdcouldgenerate.3【段中】Luckily,ourcityoffersadoor-to-doordrywasterecyclingservice,5Rcycle,thatvisitseverytwoweeksandcollectsit.】4【段首】【Refillsareagreatsolutiontosingle-useplasticsandtoreducemywastefootprint.】EarlierthisyearIswitchedtoorderinghouseholdgoodsfromacompanythatsuppliesrefillsfororganickitchencleaners,toiletcleaners,andevenwashingmachinepowder.Establishamorningroutine.Wakingupearlycomeswithitsownsetofbenefits,namelyamorningroutine.【IdosomemorningreadingbeforeIbrush,followedbymywalk.Then,Icyclefor20minutesbeforeIshower.5.Meanwhile,theykeepmyeveningsfreesothatIcanmeetfriends,read,orconnectwithfamily,andslowlypreparemybodytorestasnightapproaches.】A．Uselessplastics.B．Switchtorefills.C．Ithelpedmetoreflectuponlife.D．Householdwasteiseasytodealwith.E．Theseactivitiespreparemefortheday.F．Ineededtofindasolutionforthewaste.G．Iwasalsofeelingunfitandunmotivated.KEY：1．G2．C3．F4．B5．EDoyouwanttoliveinahealthylifestyle?Practicingyogaisoneofthebestchoices.【Yogahasawell-deservedfameforhelpingtoimprovebalanceandflexibilityandforgainingcalmandrelaxation.1【段中】.Here’smoreabouthowdoingyogaisacompletebodyandmindworkout.】ReducingStress,ReducingPounds【Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthatdoingyogadoesreducecortisol(皮质醇)levels.2【段中】.Itcanalsoincreaseyourdesireforhigh-fatandhigh-sugarfoodsanddrinkswhilereducingyourmusclemass.】3【标题】【Ina2016study,participantsinvolvedinpracticingyogarealizedthattheytendedtonoticenotonlytheamountoffoodtheyate,butwhattypeoffoodstheyateandtheimpactofeatingthosefoodsaswell.“Subjectsarereportedbecomingawareoftheeffectofcertainfoodsontheirbodiesduringtheiryogapractice,includingsugar,dairy,meatandalcohol,”wrotetheauthorsofthestudy.】MakingWeightLossLast4【段首】.【Thiscanbeattainedthroughimprovementsinsadnesstolerance,mindfulnessandself-sympathy.Forexample,ifsomeoneexperiencesimprovementsinmindfulness,theymaybelesslikelyto‘mindlessly’eatinresponsetoemotionssuchasboredom,stress,angerandotherexternalstimulationlikethepresenceoftastyfoods.】ChoosingtheRightType【Ultimately,thebestyogaisthepracticethatfitsyou—theoneyou’llcommitto.Therearenowmanyaccessiblestylesofyogathatmeetyouwhereyouarenomatterwhatyourweight,age,physicalchallengeorbackground.】5.A．FindingthebestfoodB．MovingWell,EatingWellC．EverybodyandeverybodycanbenefitfromacertainstyleD．Yogaisalsowell-knownforhelpingyouburnmorecaloriesE．Highlevelsofcortisol,astresshormone,canleadtoanincreaseinfatF．AnotherstudyshowsthatsomeoneinamorepositivemoodarelesslikelytoovereatG.Recentresearchshowsthatyogamayhelptoimprovelong-termweightlossoutcomesKEY：1．D2．E3．B4．G5．C【Travelingitselfisanexperiencehardtobedescribedinwords.1【段中】Especiallythesolo(独自)travelingexperienceissotransforming【给人带来如此大的改变以至于】thatitliveswithyouforever.HereIamsharingsomelessons.】2【段首】【ThinkinghowIwouldmanagemyentiredayamongstrangersoncampus,Ipretendedtobesick.】ThenIhadthesamefeelingwhenIwasplanningtotravelalone.【ExploringacityonmyownwasabigfearformebutIsuccessfullymanageditallandnow,Iseekoutnewopportunitiesandexperiences.Ilovetopushmyself.】3【段尾】【Havinggrownupandlivedallmylifeinasingleplace,Ihadasmallsetoffriendssincemyschooldayswhichcontinuedtillmycollegedays.4【段中】ImetafewveryinterestingpeoplewithwhomIcouldfeelaninstantconnectandgotsomenewfriendsforlife.】Itotallyagreethattravelingwithfamilyandfriendsisfunandenjoying.Buttravelingaloneissatisfyingtoo.【It’samongthosefewthingsthatyoudoforyourselfandnobodyelse.5【段中】DuringmysolotravelsIhaveexploredmyinnerselfandhaveexpandedmyboundarieswhichpeoplearoundmehaveacknowledgedattimes.】A．Iwanttoexperiencemore.B．Butallthischangedwithmyfirstsolotrip.C．IneverthoughtIwouldtravelaloneinmylife.D．IwassoscaredwhenIwenttoschoolfirsttime.E．Everyjourneypreparesyouforthejourneyoflife.F．Thefartheryoutravel,themoreindependentyoubecome.G．Afterallyouneedtotakecareofyourselfabittooattimes.KEY:1．E2．D3．A4．B5．G【Theroadtolearninghowtotakepersonalresponsibilitycanbeadifficultone,butstartingsimplereallyworks.1【段中】【提问题，给建议】Hereissomeadviceyouneedtofollow.】●Focusonthebasicsofyourjourney.【Justliketheocean,ourlifehasmanyupsanddowns.Ifyoustartbuildingasolidsailboat,youcanwithstand(经受)theweather.Thesolidboatrepresentsyourbasicneeds:safety,self-esteem(自尊)andconnectionwithothers.】2【段尾】●Openyoursailsandbewillingtofail.【Donotlaytoomuchstressonthedestination.Justheadintherightdirection.3【段中】【看重过程，不要纠结于结果】You’resupposedtotakethecouragetoreallyopenyoursails.Whenyoudevoteyourselftowhatyouaredoing,youwillforgetaboutyourinsecuritiesandworries.】●4【标题】【Asyousailthroughlife,areyoumakinggoalsandplans,orareyousimplylettingthingshappenandwatchinglifepass?Workingongoalsettingenablesyoutomeasureyourprogressandtakeresponsibilityforallyouhaveandhaven’tdonetoachievethem.】●Liveinthemoment.Asyou’removingthroughtheoceanofyourlife,areyoureallyconcentratingoneachpresentmoment,orareyourthoughtssetonthepastandfuture?【Doyoucomplainaboutmistakesothersmadethatforcedyouintoadifficultposition?5【段中】Starttakingpersonalresponsibilityforeachthoughtandemotionthatpassesthroughyou.】A．Reachyourgoals.B．Moveforwardwithintention.C．Thenbegintotacklethemoredifficultaspects.D．Socheckinandmakesurethattheyarebeingmet.E．Stopblamingothersorsituationsifyoureallywanttoenjoyeachmoment.F．Everyonecanedgeclosertothatstagethroughtakingpersonalresponsibility.G．Youmustenjoythesailbyfindingpurposeandfollowingthatdesiretoexplore.KEY：1．C2．D3．G4．B5．E【ItseemsabitstrangetoimagineancientEgyptianscelebratingtheirbirthdayswithlayeredcakestoppedwithlightedcandles.】__1__【段尾】【Thefirstbirthdaycakeswerenothingofwhattheyaretodayandweren'tevencalledbirthdaycakes.

___2___【段中】Atthattimeonlytheycouldaffordtocelebratewithsomethingsweet.】Thatishowcakebecameassociatedwithspecialoccasions.AncientEgyptiansarecreditedwith"inventing"thebirthdaycelebration.AndancientGreeksborrowedthetraditionbutrightfullyrealizedthatadessertwouldmakethecelebrationallthemoremeaningful.【Sotheybakedmoon-shapedcakestoofferuptothemoon.】___3___【段尾】【Itwasn'tjusttheancientEgyptiansandGreekswhocelebratedwithsweetcakes.___4___【段中】Andit'sbelievedthattheoriginalbirthdaycakecamefromthem.Ratherthanjustcelebratingbirthdays,though,ancientRomewasknownforcelebratingallthingswithacakeincludingwedding,buttherewasanexception—thebirthdayscelebratedwereonlyformenwhowerecitizens,andtheyhadtobefamous.】Modernbirthdaypartiesaresaidtogettheirrootsfromthe18th-centuryGermancelebration.【Onthemorningofachild'sbirthday,heorshewouldreceiveacakewithlightedcandlesthataddeduptothechild'sageplusone.

___5___【段中】Thebirthdaychildwouldmakeawish,trytoblowoutallthecandlesinonebreath,anddigin.】A.AncientRomansalsohadtheirtraditions.B.Rather,theyweresymbolicofthenobleclass.C.AncientGreeksmadethefirstbirthdaycakes.D.Onbirthday,childrenwouldeatcakesmadebytheirmums.E.Theyalsodecoratedthecakestomakethemshinelikethemoon.F.Thisextracandlewascalledthelightofhopeforanothernewyear.G.However,they'retheoneswhofirstcameupwiththeideatodoso.【Ifyou’vestudiedbiology,you’veprobablylearnedaboutbloodtypes.Orperhapsyouhavelearnedsomethingaboutbloodtypesfromsocialmedia.1【段中】Theseletterscorrespondtotwoantigens(抗原),AandB.】PeoplewithABbloodhavebothantigens,thosewithAorBhaveonlyone,andpeoplewithOhavenoantigensatall.2【段首】【Ifyou’vehadabloodtransfusion(输血),youareprobablyawarethatyourbloodtypedetermineswhichbloodyoucanreceive.Maybeyou’llthinkthatyoushouldplanyourmealsbasedonyourbloodtype.】3【段中】