2024届广东省江门市高三下学期一模考试英语试卷（解析版）

试卷类型：B江门市2024年高考模拟考试英语本试卷共12页,67小题,满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前,考生务必把自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡相应的位置上。2.做选择题时,必须用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。3.非选择题必须使用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔,将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。4.所有题目必须在答题卡上指定位置作答,不按以上要求作答的答案无效。5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后,将答题卡交回。第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhetheryouareafineartloverorhistoryenthusiast,therearesomemuseumsthatyoushouldvisitinyourlifetime.Here’salistofthebestmuseumsintheworld.LELOUVRE,PARISAvisittotheLouvreletsvisitorsdiscoverancientcivilizationsandWesternartfromtheMiddleAgesto1848.Thepalaceofthemuseum,datingbacktothetwelfthcenturyanddevelopedbyarchitectsfrom1200to2011,isalessoninarchitecture.ThemostfamousartworkisLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”.THEUFFIZIGALLERIES,FLORENCEThemuseumoccupiesalargebuildingconstructedbetween1560and1580.It’sfamousforitsoutstandingcollectionsofancientsculpturesandpaintingsfromtheMiddleAgestotheModernperiod,andmainlyknownforitspaintingsbyItalianartists.THEBRITISHMUSEUM,LONDONAsthefirstnationalmuseumtocoverallfieldsofhumanknowledge,itwasfoundedin1753andopeneditsdoorsin1759.Itseightmillionobjectsallowustoexplorethediversityofhumancultures,anddiscovertheexpressionsinhumanbeing’slife.Itboaststheworld’ssecondfinestcollectionofEgyptianantiques.THEMETROPOLITANMUSEUMOFART,NEWYORKAlsoknownas“theMet”,it’sthelargestartmuseumintheAmerica.Presentingover5,000yearsofartfromaroundtheworld,themuseumlivesintwositesinNewYork:TheMetFifthAvenueandTheMetCloisters.Sinceitsfoundingin1870,ithasbeenatreasuryofrareandbeautifulobjects,rangingfromEuropeanpaintings,EgyptiancollectionstoAmericanpaintings.1.WhichmuseumisbestknownforancientstatuesintheMiddleAges?A.TheLouvre. B.TheUffiziGalleries.C.TheBritishMuseum. D.TheMetropolitanMuseum.2.WhatcanvisitorsenjoyinboththeBritishMuseumandtheMet?A.ArtworksfromEgypt. B.Expressionsaroundtheworld.C.Rareobjectsofhumanculture. D.PaintingsfromEuropeandAmerica.3.Whereisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoarts. B.Anessayonarchitecture.C.Aguidebooktomuseums. D.AreviewofEgyptianpaintings.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界著名的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“It’sfamousforitsoutstandingcollectionsofancientsculpturesandpaintingsfromtheMiddleAgestotheModernperiod,andmainlyknownforitspaintingsbyItalianartists.(它以其从中世纪到现代时期的古代雕塑和绘画的杰出收藏而闻名，主要以意大利艺术家的绘画而闻名)”可知，乌菲齐美术馆以中世纪的古代雕像而闻名。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Itboaststheworld’ssecondfinestcollectionofEgyptianantiques.(它拥有世界上第二好的埃及古董收藏)”以及最后一段“Sinceitsfoundingin1870,ithasbeenatreasuryofrareandbeautifulobjects,rangingfromEuropeanpaintings,EgyptiancollectionstoAmericanpaintings.(自1870年成立以来，它一直是稀有和美丽物品的宝库，从欧洲绘画，埃及收藏品到美国绘画)”可知，游客在大英博物馆和大都会博物馆都能享受到埃及的艺术品。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Whetheryouareafineartloverorhistoryenthusiast,therearesomemuseumsthatyoushouldvisitinyourlifetime.Here’salistofthebestmuseumsintheworld.(无论你是美术爱好者还是历史爱好者，总有一些博物馆是你一生中应该去参观的。这里是世界上最好的博物馆的名单)”结合文章主要介绍了世界著名的四大艺术博物馆，让读者了解它们的建筑历史、展品特点以及其它的一些相关信息。可推知，文章最有可能选自一本博物馆指南。故选C。BAcrosstheworld,humanspurchasearound1.3billionsingle-useplasticwaterbottlesaday.Becauseonlyabout9%ofplasticisrecycled,thevastmajorityofthosebottleswindupinlandfills,theocean,orelsewhereinnature.Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottlesduringherfamily’stripstoCalifornia,the12-year-old“justfeltlikethisneededtochange,”shetoldSmithsonianMagazine.Soasshebeganthinkingaboutwhattodoforherschoolsciencefairbackin2021,theideaofaprojectcenteredonreducingplasticpollutionquicklycametohermind:shewoulddesignaneatablewaterbottlecalledtheEco-Hero.“Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwaswantingtohelptheworld,”theconfidentyounginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite.Tobringherideatolife,Madisonbuiltuponthealreadyestablishedmethodbyexperimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.Shefoundthatthecombinationofwater,lemonjuice,naturalgum,andAlginicacid(褐藻酸)resultedinagelpouchthatwouldn’tbreak,couldholdupto3/4cupofwater,andwouldlastinthefridgeforthreeweeks.Thoughshe’dliketoimprovetheEco-Herobymakingitabletoholdmorewater,shebelieveshercurrentversionwouldworkwellasareplacementforthepapercupsusedbyrunnersinraces.Alloneneedstodoisbiteaholeinthewaterball,drinkthewater,andtheneatthepouchorthrowitawaytobiodegrade.MadisonhopestheEco-Heroinspiresotherstotakebettercareoftheplanet.“Itdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetobeinabigway,”shetoldSmithsonian.“Peoplecanstillmakeadifferenceintheworld,evenifit’sjustinasmallway.”4.WhatinspiredMadison’sdesignofaneatablewaterbottle?A.Herschool’stask. B.Herfamily’surge.C.Herlovefornature. D.Hertripstothebeach.5.WhatcanweknowabouttheEco-Hero?A.Itisacopyofthepreviousversions.B.Itismadefromunbreakablematerials.C.Itisanimprovementinsizeanddurability.D.Ithasaholeandshouldbedisposedonceused.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMadison?A.Ambitiousandcreative. B.Talentedanddetermined.C.Courageousandconfident. D.Cooperativeandcommitted.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Agoodbeginningishalfdone. B.Smallpeoplemakebigmoves.C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了12岁的女孩Madison为了解决塑料瓶污染的问题，发明了可食用的水瓶。4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whenbeach-lovingMadisonnoticedthoseplasticbottlesduringherfamily’stripstoCalifornia,the12-year-old‘justfeltlikethisneededtochange,’shetoldSmithsonianMagazine.(当热爱海滩的Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中注意到这些塑料瓶时，这位12岁的女孩‘觉得这需要改变’，她告诉《史密森尼杂志》)”可知，Madison在加利福尼亚的家庭旅行中发现海滩上有塑料瓶，这让她产生了设计可食用水瓶的想法。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.(她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用)”可知，她设计的水瓶在体积和耐用性上有了改善。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Tobringherideatolife,Madisonbuiltuponthealreadyestablishedmethodbyexperimentingwithcommonfoodmaterials.Shealsotookinspirationfrompreviousversionsofeatablewaterbottles,thoughshefocusedonmakinghersbiggerandmoredurable.(为了将她的想法付诸实践，Madison在已经建立的方法的基础上，对常见的食物材料进行了实验。她还从以前的可食水瓶中获得了灵感，不过她专注于让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用)”可推测出，Madison根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，由此可推测出，她是一个有创造力的（creative）人。根据第四段“‘Oneofmybiggestambitionsformyprojectwaswantingtohelptheworld,’theconfidentyounginventorsaidinavideoonthewebsite.(这位自信的年轻发明家在网站上的一段视频中说：‘我对这个项目最大的抱负之一是想帮助世界。’)”可知，她有帮助世界的抱负，由此可推测出，她是一个有抱负的（ambitious）人。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中Madison的话“Itdoesn’tnecessarilyhavetobeinabigway(这不一定要很大)”和“Peoplecanstillmakeadifferenceintheworld,evenifit’sjustinasmallway.(人们仍然可以在世界上有所作为，即使只是在很小的方面)”可知，年仅12岁的女孩Madison设计出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，所以B项“小人物也能有大成就”适合作本文标题。故选B。CDemographicchanges,suchasagingpopulationsanddecliningbirthrates,posechallengesaswellasofferopportunitiesforindustriesandcountries.Toovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunities,especiallytoachievelong-termeconomicsustainability,economiesneedtoenhancepoliciespromotinginnovations.NowmanycountriesinEastAsiaarefacingtheagingpopulationanddecliningworking-agepopulationproblem.Comparedwithotheradvancedcountries,Japanencounteredthepopulationagingproblemataslightlyearlierstage,startinginthemid-1990s.AsJapan’spercentageofelderlypopulationtothetotalpopulationincreased,itimpactedthecountry’seconomy,leadingtoacontractionindomesticdemandanddeclineinbothproductionandconsumption,andrestrictingthegrowthofeconomy.SomeinnovativecompanieshaveactivelyincreasedoutwardFDI(ForeignDirectInvestment),providingcostadvantagesfrominexpensiveoverseaslabortomaintaintheircostcompetitiveness.However,theglobaleconomyisfacingthechallengeofdecliningtradeowingtotheprotectionismpracticedbycertaincountries.Consequently,thechancesofboostinggrowththroughoutwardFDImaybelimited.Developingartificialintelligenceisanothersolutiontothenegativeimpactsofthedemographicchanges.AIandroboticswillplayacrucialroleinstimulatingproductivityandinnovationbymakingpaymentforthedeclineintheworking-agepopulation,andthefollowingincreaseinproductivitywillinturnraisethedemandforlaborbycreatingnewemploymentopportunities.AI,roboticsandotheradvancedtechnologiesgiverisetonewtaskswithintheirfieldsandacrossothersectors.Therefore,itisnecessarytoemploycooperationpoliciestosupportcorporationsthatpromoteinnovationsbyincreasinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopment,facilitatingthegrowthofnewcompanies,andbuildingaperfectsystemtoprotectintellectualproperties.SinceAIandroboticsmayreplacecertainjobs,itisessentialtoaddressthepotentialchallengestheymaycreateinthelabormarketandworkoutstrategiestoensureabalancedandcomprehensivetransition.8.Whatdoweknowaboutdemographicchangesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thereisnoneedtoworrysincethechangesofferopportunities.B.Thechangeswon’taffectthelong-termeconomicsustainability.C.Japanistheonlyadvancedcountryfacingthechangesatpresent.D.Thingsshouldbedonetoovercomethechallengesposedbythechanges.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contraction”meaninthesecondparagraph?A.Push. B.Decrease. C.Pause. D.Change.10.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetoFDI?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.11.Whatdoesthewriteradvisetotacklethenewtasksposedbyadvancedtechnologies?A.Withdrawinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopment.B.Adoptingpoliciesthatencourageinnovationofcorporations.C.Establishingnewcompaniestoprotectintellectualproperties.D.Creatingpotentiallabormarketformorepossibleemployments:【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了现在很多国家面临人口结构失衡的现象，它们把解决问题的方法投向了人工智能领域。作者呼吁各国政府要出台相应政策支持人工智能的开发，同时也要关注它可能带来的负面影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Toovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunities,especiallytoachievelong-termeconomicsustainability,economiesneedtoenhancepoliciespromotinginnovations.(为克服挑战、抓住机遇，特别是实现经济长期可持续性，各经济体需要加强促进创新的政策)”可知，我们应该采取措施来克服人口变化带来的挑战。故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“AsJapan’spercentageofelderlypopulationtothetotalpopulationincreased,itimpactedthecountry’seconomy”以及后文“indomesticdemandanddeclineinbothproductionandconsumption,andrestrictingthegrowthofeconomy”可知，随着日本老龄人口比例的上升，国家经济受到影响，国内需求“减少”，从而导致生产力和消费下降，经济的增长也受到约束，故划线词意思是“减少”。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“SomeinnovativecompanieshaveactivelyincreasedoutwardFDI(ForeignDirectInvestment),providingcostadvantagesfrominexpensiveoverseaslabortomaintaintheircostcompetitiveness.However,theglobaleconomyisfacingthechallengeofdecliningtradeowingtotheprotectionismpracticedbycertaincountries.Consequently,thechancesofboostinggrowththroughoutwardFDImaybelimited.(一些创新型企业积极增加对外直接投资（FDI），利用海外廉价劳动力的成本优势保持成本竞争力。然而，由于某些国家实行保护主义，全球经济正面临贸易下降的挑战。因此，通过对外直接投资促进增长的机会可能有限)”可推知，作者分别提到了FDI的优点和缺点，即对FDI的态度是客观的。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefore,itisnecessarytoemploycooperationpoliciestosupportcorporationsthatpromoteinnovationsbyincreasinginvestmentinresearchanddevelopment,facilitatingthegrowthofnewcompanies,andbuildingaperfectsystemtoprotectintellectualproperties.(因此，有必要通过加大研发投入、促进新企业成长、建立完善的知识产权保护制度等合作政策，支持推动创新的企业)”可知，作者建议采取鼓励企业创新的政策来应对先进技术带来的新任务。故选B。DFiguringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.Scientistscollectwaterorsoilsamplesfromanenvironmentandextract(提取)anyDNAtracesleftbehindbyorganisms.ThisistheenvironmentalDNA(eDNA).Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods

—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA测序).SimilartoCOVIDtests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.DNAsequencinganalyzesallDNAinthesampleatonce.ScientistscanthenmatchtheDNAbarcodestodatabasestoidentifywhichspecieswereinthesampledenvironment.AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.OneofthemostsignificantadvantagesofeDNAsamplingisthatitallowsscientiststodetectspeciesthataredifficulttoseeorcapture.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenstudyingrareorverysmallspecies,orwhenworkinginenvironmentslikedarkwaterwherevisibilityislimited.Thisisjustthestart.ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船舰),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.Sciencefiction?Notanymore.12.What’stheauthor’spurposeofmentioningtheexampleinParagraph2?A.ToexplaintheprocessofqPCRanalysismethod.B.TointroducethedefinitionofenvironmentalDNA.C.Totellthedifferencebetweentwoanalysismethods.D.ToshowthesimilaritybetweenqPCRandCOVIDtests.13.What’stheadvantageofeDNAsampling?A.Itcandetectspeciesfromphotosandvideos.B.Itcanhelpscientistscaptureendangeredspecies.C.Itenablesscientiststoworkininvisibleenvironment.D.Itcanidentifyanylivingcreaturewithasampleofit.14.WhatcouldeDNAdatabeappliedtointhefuture?A.Studyingmicrobialcommunities. B.Analyzingdiversitychangesovertime.C.Collectingspeciesinnewenvironments. D.Offeringstatisticsforoceansupervision.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughinundersearesearch.B.Rarespecieshavebeendiscoveredwithtwoanalysismethods.C.Newbiodiversitymonitoringtechniquesarearoundthecorner.D.Traditionalsurveymethodsareabandonedfortheirshortcomings.【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的生物多样性监测技术——环境DNA(eDNA)技术即将问世，文章对其进行了介绍。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theythenuseoneofthetwoanalysismethods

—quantitativePCR(qPCR)orDNAsequencing(DNA

测序 ).SimilartoCOVIDtests,qPCRisusedtodetectifaspecificspecies’DNAisinthesample.

Forexample,researcherstestedriverwatereDNAtoseeifendangeredfishXwaspresent.Whenitwasdetected,theyconfirmedthatthefishlivedinthatriverwithoutdirectlyseeingit.(然后他们使用两种分析方法中的一种——定量PCR(qPCR)或DNA测序(DNA测序)。与COVID测试类似，qPCR用于检测样品中是否存在特定物种的DNA。例如，研究人员测试了河水的eDNA，看看是否存在濒危鱼类X。当它被发现时，他们没有直接看到它就能确认鱼生活在那条河里。)”可知，作者在第二段提到这个例子的目的是说明qPCR分析方法的过程。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“AlthougheDNAsamplingcannotidentifynewspeciesorthoseonlyknownfromphotosandvideosiftheyarenotalreadylistedinthereferencedatabases,therealpowerofitliesinitsabilitytocaptureawiderangeoforganisms.Withjustonesample,scientistscandetectallkindsoflivingthings,frombacteriatowhales,inalmostanyenvironmentwherelifeexists,includingthedeepseaandundergroundcaves.(虽然eDNA采样不能识别新物种，或者那些只从照片和视频中知道的物种，如果它们没有被列入参考数据库，但它的真正力量在于它能够捕获范围广泛的生物。只需一个样本，科学家就可以在几乎任何有生命存在的环境中探测到各种生物，从细菌到鲸鱼，包括深海和地下洞穴。)”可知，eDNA取样的优势是它可以用它的样本识别任何生物。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“ImagineafuturewhereeDNAdatacouldbecollectedfromthemostremoteoceansbyautonomousvehicles,analyzedbythedroneoronboardaresearchvessel(船舰),andintegratedwithothermonitoringdatasomarinemanagersandthepubliccanseenear-real-timedataabouttheconditionoftheocean.(想象一下，未来eDNA数据可以由自动驾驶车辆从最偏远的海洋收集，由无人机或研究船上进行分析，并与其他监测数据相结合，这样海洋管理者和公众就可以看到有关海洋状况的近实时数据。)”可知，eDNA数据在未来可以应用于为海洋监管提供统计数据。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Figuringoutbiodiversitypatternsanddetectingrareorjust-good-at-hidingspecieshaslongposedchallengesforecosystemmonitoringandconservationefforts.Traditionalsurveymethodsarelaborintensiveandcoverlimitedareas.Now,emergingenvironmentalDNA(eDNA)techniquesopennewpossibilities.(长期以来，弄清楚生物多样性的模式，探测稀有或善于隐藏的物种，一直是生态系统监测和保护工作的挑战。传统的调查方法是劳动密集型的，覆盖范围有限。现在，新兴的环境DNA(eDNA)技术开启了新的可能性。)”可知，文章主要是讲新的生物多样性监测技术即将问世。故选C。第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下列短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’snosurprisethatthere’salinkbetweenexerciseandmentalhealth.Butscientistshavenowmadeitofficial:researchhasfoundadirectconnectionbetweenmovementandmood.Whydoesexerciseholdsomanybenefitsforourmentalhealth?____16____.Whenourmusclestighten,chainsofaminoacids(氨基酸)calledmyokines(肌细胞因子)arereleasedintothebloodstream.____17____.Thiscommunicationincreasesadaptationtostress,reducessymptomsofanxietyandhasadirecteffectondepression.ArecentstudypublishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicineshowedthattreatmentfordepressioncanbemuchmoreeffectivewhenphysicalactivityisaddedtotheusualcare.____18____.“Whileexerciseisnotasubstituteforprofessionalmentalhealthtreatment,physicalactivitycancomplementandenhancetheeffectsofthetreatment,”saysleadresearcherBenSingh,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSouthAustralia.Hesaysregularexerciseinagroupsettingcanboostself-esteemanddecreasefeelingsofisolationandloneliness.Exercisehelpsbuildkeyconnectionsbetweenthenetworkswithinthebrain,too.____19____.Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivitystimulatescreativity,sharpensjudgementskillsandimprovesmentalenergy.Itcanalsohelptoslowage-relatedcognitivedecline,possiblyevenslowingthepaceofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.____20____.Inthiswayyou’llkeepgoingbacktothem.Expertssuggestthatyouaimforaminimumof10to30minutes,threetofivedayseachweek.Gettingsweatyisgoodforyourbodyandmind.A.ItcanimproveoverallcognitiveperformanceB.TheyhelpyourmusclesandorganscommunicateC.Theanswer,studiessay,liesinourbrainchemistryD.HerearethesuggestionsthatyouaresupposedtopayattentiontoE.ItisamazingtoconsiderhowmovingourbodiescanaffectourmindsF.Togetthebiggesthealthboost,thekeyistobeengagedinsportsyouenjoyG.Participantsfoundbenefitsafter12weeksofexercisingfor30to60minutesaday【答案】16.C17.B18.G19.A20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动对心理健康有着积极作用，并阐述运动和情绪之间存在直接联系的原因。【16题详解】根据上文“Whydoesexerciseholdsomanybenefitsforourmentalhealth?(为什么运动对我们的心理健康有这么多好处？)”可知，本句主要回答上文的问题，结合后文“Whenourmusclestighten,chainsofaminoacids(氨基酸)calledmyokines(肌细胞因子)arereleasedintothebloodstream.(当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中)”提到chainsofaminoacids氨基酸链的被释放，体现了正是C选项中chemistry的体现。故C选项“研究表明，答案在于我们大脑中的化学物质”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Whenourmusclestighten,chainsofaminoacids(氨基酸)calledmyokines(肌细胞因子)arereleasedintothebloodstream.(当我们的肌肉收紧时，被称为肌促因子的氨基酸链被释放到血液中)”以及后文“Thiscommunicationincreasesadaptationtostress,reducessymptomsofanxietyandhasadirecteffectondepression.(这种交流增加了对压力的适应，减少了焦虑的症状，并对抑郁有直接影响)”可知，本句承接上文，说明氨基酸链的具体作用，B选项中they指代空格前chainsofaminoacids，和空格后Thiscommunication指选项yourmusclesandorganscommunicate。故B选项“它们帮助你的肌肉和器官交流”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“ArecentstudypublishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicineshowedthattreatmentfordepressioncanbemuchmoreeffectivewhenphysicalactivityisaddedtotheusualcare.(最近发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究表明，如果在日常护理中加入体育活动，抑郁症的治疗会更有效)”以及后文““Whileexerciseisnotasubstituteforprofessionalmentalhealthtreatment,physicalactivitycancomplementandenhancetheeffectsofthetreatment,”saysleadresearcherBenSingh,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSouthAustralia.Hesaysregularexerciseinagroupsettingcanboostself-esteemanddecreasefeelingsofisolationandloneliness.(南澳大利亚大学研究员、首席研究员本·辛格说:“虽然运动不能代替专业的心理健康治疗，但体育活动可以补充并增强治疗效果。”他说，在团体环境中定期锻炼可以增强自尊，减少孤立感和孤独感)”可知，本句主要就上文加入体育活动展开具体说明，且此处涉及研究，推测本句与研究中的参与者有关。故G选项“参与者在12周后发现每天锻炼30到60分钟是有益的”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据上文“Exercisehelpsbuildkeyconnectionsbetweenthenetworkswithinthebrain,too.(锻炼也有助于建立大脑网络之间的关键连接)”以及后文“Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivitystimulatescreativity,sharpensjudgementskillsandimprovesmentalenergy.Itcanalsohelptoslowage-relatedcognitivedecline,possiblyevenslowingthepaceofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.(研究表明，体育活动可以激发创造力，提高判断能力，提高精神能量。它还可以帮助减缓与年龄相关的认知衰退，甚至可能减缓阿尔茨海默病的发展速度)”可知，本句主要是在说明体育活动对人的大脑的具体好处，故A选项“它可以提高整体认知能力”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Inthiswayyou’llkeepgoingbacktothem.Expertssuggestthatyouaimforaminimumof10to30minutes,threetofivedayseachweek.Gettingsweatyisgoodforyourbodyandmind.(这样你就会不断回到他们身边。专家建议，你的目标是每周至少锻炼3到5天，每次10到30分钟。出汗对你的身心都有好处)”可知，该空位于文章末段，起到总结作用，另外空格后面Inthisway对应F选项中tobeengagedinsportsyouenjoy，them指代sports。故F选项“为了最大程度地促进健康，关键是要参加你喜欢的运动”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2014,asophomorestudentattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtswentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo.Littledidheknowthatachance____21____attheaquarium(水族馆)therewouldlightalifelongpassion.Fast-forwardtotoday,Xu,aBeijingnative,has____22____tothetropicalislandofSouthChina’sHainanprovince,whereheservesasacoral____23____foraSanya-basedtropicalbiologicallaboratoryattachedtotheChineseAcademyofSciences.Eachday,hespendsseveralhoursdivingdeepunderthewavestoobserveand____24____thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreaturesthat____25____himallthoseyearsago.Xu,whoisnicknamed“coralman”,is____26____engagedonsuchsocialmediaplatformsasSinaWeibo,whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals.Heaimsto____27____individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole.ForXu,whohadbeenstudyingPekingOperasincechildhood,becomingacoralconservationistwasan____28____turnofevents.Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium,hebeganto____29____thelocalmarkettolearnaboutcoral_____30_____frommerchantswhoselldecorativeplants,fishandcorals.Healso_____31_____informationonline.Beforelong,hehadsetupasmallfishtankathomeandstartedcultivatingacoral.“Thecoralorganismisquitesensitivetoitsenvironmentandhasextremelyhigh_____32_____forwaterquality,”recallsXu.“WhenIstartedgrowingcoral,itsstatewasnot_____33_____.”ButasXugainedmore_____34_____aboutcoral,includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewatertemperatureandpHlevels,hiscoralgraduallystartedtoflourish.Healsolearnedthatcoralreefsareknownas“tropicalrainforests”and“underwatergardens”oftheocean,providinga_____35_____foraquarterofallseacreatures.21.A.accident B.encounter C.application D.performance22.A.moved B.driven C.appealed D.signaled23.A.educator B.ambassador C.artist D.conservationist24.A.approve B.increase C.document D.smooth25.A.separated B.relieved C.preserved D.fascinated26.A.actively B.finally C.universally D.skillfully27.A.teach B.arrange C.encourage D.force28.A.impractical B.unexpected C.unfortunate D.unacceptable29.A.frequent B.expand C.manage D.improve30.A.selling B.observing C.farming D.decorating31.A.answeredfor B.broughtin C.searchedfor D.gaveout32.A.requirements B.reputations C.periods D.priorities33.A.pure B.good C.confusing D.strict34.A.evidence B.care C.equipment D.knowledge35.A.map B.home C.platform D.container【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.D26.A27.C28.B29.A30.C31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国戏曲学院的学生徐一唐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱，他后来成了一名珊瑚保护主义者。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不知道，在水族馆的一次偶遇会点燃他一生的激情。A.accident事故；B.encounter相遇，邂逅；C.application申请；D.performance表现。根据上文中的“wentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo”和下文中的“Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium”可知，他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生，并没有特意计划，他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：快进到今天，北京人徐已经搬到了中国南部海南省的热带岛屿，在那里他是中国科学院附属的三亚热带生物实验室的珊瑚保护主义者。A.moved移动，搬迁；B.driven驾车；C.appealed呼吁；D.signaled发信号。根据空后的“tothetropicalislandofSouthChina’sHainanprovince,whereheservesasacoral____3____”可知，身为北京人的徐一唐搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.educator教育工作者；B.ambassador大使；C.artist艺术家；D.conservationist环境保护主义者。根据下文中的“Xu,whoisnicknamed‘coralman’”和“Heaimsto____7____individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole.”可知，他致力于保护珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的“becomingacoralconservationist”也是提示。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，他都要花几个小时深入海浪下，观察和记录这些年前让他着迷的生物的生长和发展。A.approve同意；B.increase（使）增长；C.document记录；D.smooth使平滑，使光滑。根据空后的“thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreatures”可知，这里表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和发展。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.separated（使）分开；B.relieved解除，减轻；C.preserved保护；D.fascinated深深吸引，迷住。根据上文中的“lightalifelongpassion”可知，他对珊瑚深深迷恋。故选D。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：被戏称为“珊瑚侠”的徐活跃在新浪微博等社交媒体平台上，他经常在那里分享珊瑚的惊人视觉照片和娱乐视频。A.actively积极地；B.finally最终，最后；C.universally全体地；D.skillfully熟练地。根据句中的“whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals”可知，他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频，所以他在这些媒体上很活跃。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他旨在鼓励个人采取行动，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。A.teach教；B.arrange安排；C.encourage鼓励；D.force迫使。根据空后的“individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole”可知，他想通过这种方式鼓励人们行动起来，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于从小学习京剧的徐来说，成为一名珊瑚保护主义者是一个意想不到的转折。A.imp