2024届北京市顺义区高三下学期二模英语试题（原卷版）

顺义区2024届高三第二次质量监测英语试卷考生须知1.本试卷总分100分，考试时长90分钟。本试卷共12页，共三部分。2.在答题卡上准确填写学校、姓名、班级和教育ID号。3.考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。4.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Earlierintheday,Ihadpreparedfortheunlikelyeventofaflood.Ithadbeenrainingheavilythatweek,andauthoritieshadissuedafloodwarning,thoughnotforwhereIwas.____1____,I’dplacedsandbagsoutsidemygardendoorjustincase.AsIwasabouttofallasleepinmybasementbedroom,Isuddenlyheardthesoundofrushingwater.WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas____2____bythesensationofcoldwatertouchingmykneesandrisingfast.Shakinginthedarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneandturnedonthe____3____.AsIsteppedoutofmybedroom,waterwasshootingthroughthegapsofthegardendoor.Thewatermusthavegoneoverthesandbags.Allaroundme,mythingsbegantofloat(漂)andthewaterwasnowuptomywaist.Ibeganto____4____andstartedtowalktomyonly____5____:thedoorthatleadsupstairs.Istruggledtothedoorandtriedtopullitopen,buttheforceofthe____6____wouldn’tletmedoso.Ilookedaroundandgrabbedabroom(扫帚)floatingbehindmetoopenthedoor.Imanagedtomakeagapofaboutafoot,justwideenoughto____7____myselfthrough.Finally,I____8____outside.Icamesoclosetodeaththatday.Butratherthantrappedinthat,Ipreferto____9____whatmymothertoldmeafterward:“Don’trememberthedaywhenyoulosteverything.Rememberthedayyou_____10_____.”1.A.Instead B.Still C.Meanwhile D.Therefore2.A.amused B.moved C.shocked D.confused3.A.radio B.heater C.recorder D.flashlight4.A.panic B.excite C.swim D.return5.A.trap B.escape C.shelter D.entrance6.A.air B.sand C.wind D.water7.A.wet B.check C.force D.live8.A.madeit B.forgotit C.beatit D.leftit9.A.reward B.refuse C.recall D.recreate10.A.survived B.changed C.started D.recovered第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DavyonJohnson,an11-year-oldboy,washonoredbyhiscommunityaftersavingtwolivesinoneday.OnDec.9,achokingstudenttrippedintotheclassroom____11____Davyonwas.DavyondidtheHeimlichimmediatelyandsavedhim.Hourslater,onhiswayhome,Davyonspottedahouseonfire.Everybody____12____(run)outexceptforanelderlylady.Asthewomanstruggled____13____(move)usingherwalker,Davyonracedupthestepsandhelpedherescapetheburningbuilding.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Catsaresecondonlytodogsasthemostcommonpetsintheworld.____14____(compare)withdogs,catsmightseemcold,buttheycanformstrongemotionalbondswiththeirowners.Studieshaveshownthatcat-owningseniorsoftenexhibitlowerlevelsof____15____(lonely),anxiety,anddepression.____16____(own)acatinvitesseveralcosts,forfood,litter,medications,toysandcare.However,catsdonotneedregularbathing____17____theyhavehealthproblemsthatmakeitnecessary.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Soil____18____(find)nearlyeverywhere.AnditseemsunlikelythatwewouldeverloseallthesoilonEarth.However,____19____wemayloseisthedeepandrichagriculturalsoilbecauseofover-farming,alackofplantcoveroff-seasonandacollectionofsaltfromwateringandfertilization(施肥).____20____propermeasures,someexpertswarn,therecouldbeseriousagriculturalsoilproblemsbeforetheendofthiscentury.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHaveyouconsideredcontributingyourskillsandexpertisevirtuallytowardsachievingsustainablehumandevelopmentefforts?ThroughtheOnlineVolunteeringserviceoftheUnitedNationsVolunteers(UNV)programme,youcanconnectwithUNagencies,governments,publicinstitutionsandcivilsocietyorganizations—fromanydevice,anywhereintheworld.Whileextendingyournetwork,youcanalsogetfirst-handpracticalexperience.Requirements:·TosignupontheUnifiedVolunteeringPlatformandapplyforOnlineVolunteerassignments,youmustbeatleast18yearsofage.·ThereisnoparticularbackgroundrequiredtobecomeanOnlineVolunteer.EachOnlineVolunteerassignmentisdifferentandhasitsownrequirements,setbythehostorganization.·AsanOnlineVolunteer,youcanonlysupportorganizationsremotelyinassignmentsupto20hoursperweekforamaximumof12weeksforeachassignment.Criteriaandservicerules:·OnlineVolunteersarenotundercontractwiththeUNVprogrammeortheengagingorganization.·OnlineVolunteersdonotreceiveanykindoffinancialbenefits.·ForeachOnlineVolunteeringassignment,amaximumof25OnlineVolunteerscanbeengaged.Procedures:·Volunteersfindassignmentsoftheirinterestandapply.·Organizationsselectthevolunteerstheywanttoengage.·Volunteersandorganizationsworktogetheronline.·Volunteersandorganizationsprovidefeedbackontheircooperation.·Organizationsissueanelectroniccertificateofappreciationtotheirvolunteers.21.ThroughtheUNVprogrammeonecan______.A.travelaroundtheworld B.improvetheirnetworkskillsC.setupcivilsocietyorganizations D.workonsustainabledevelopment22.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Beingnolessthan18years.B.Finishing25onlineassignments.C.Workingatleast20hoursaweek.D.Havingsomepracticalexperience.23.WhenworkingintheUNVprogramme,volunteerswill______.A.signacontractwithanorganizationB.findtasksoftheirinterestandapplyC.getapapercertificateofappreciationD.receivesomekindoffinancialbenefitsBUptotheageoften,Ididnotmindatallthefactthatmyeldersisterwasdifferent.Thechildpsychologisthadtermeditas“AspergerSyndrome”,adiseasethataffectshowapersonsocializeswithothers.ItwasonlyattheageoftenthatIstartedtobecomeawareofmysociallifeandself-imagethatIhadcarefullyshaped.Mysister,ontheotherhand,wassociallyawkward.Shewouldmumble(咕哝)toherselfandrepeatthewordsshehadjustsaidunderherbreath.She,however,wasacademicallycapable,andhenceweattendedthesameprimaryschool.Despitethis,Inever,everacknowledgedinpublicthatshewasmysister.Beinginprimarysix,abouttograduate,mysisterandherclassmateshadtoputupaperformance,whetherinagroup,orindividually.Duetoherinabilitytointegrate,mysisterwastheonlyoneleftwithoutagroup.“I’llsing,”mysistertoldmyparents,somewhatconfidently.Hearingthat,Iwastakenaback.Howcouldmysistersinginfrontoftheschool?Shewouldembarrassme,onewayoranother.“No!”Irememberprotesting.Myparentsshotmealook.Nooneknowssheisyoursister.Itisfineyoudonotneedtotellanyone.IremembertellingmyselftheseexactlinesasIsatinthehall,waitingfortheperformancestostart.Thecurtainspartedtorevealtheonlysolo(独唱)—mysister.Ittookaboutawholeminuteforhertostatehernameandclassandbythattime,whisperswereheardintheaudience.“Whyisshetakingsolong?”peoplearoundmeasked.Ishiftednervouslyinmyseat.Finally,mysisterstartedtosing.Iwaspreparedfortheworst.Sheopenedhermouth,andIwastransfixed—shesangeffortlessly.Hervoicerangthroughthehall,beautifulinitspower.Ilistenedeversocarefullytothewordsthatshehadcomposedallbyherself.Guiltandshamefilledmyheart.AlthoughsheknewthatIwasembarrassedbyherandwasunwillingtoattendherconcert,mysisterhadforgivenme;shehadnevertakenanythingthatIhaddonetohertoheart.ItwasthenthatIresolvedtoloveherunconditionally.24Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthissister’sdifferencebefore10?A.Hehardlyacceptedit. B.Hedidn’tcareaboutit.C.Hewasextremelyawkward. D.Hewasdeterminedtohelp.25.Whydidtheauthorprotestagainsthissister’sdecision?A.Tochallengehisparents. B.Tofollowotherstudents.C.Tokeephissister’simage. D.Toprotecthisself-respect.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’ssister?A.Shealwaysgotfullmarksinprimaryschool.B.Sherefusedtoformagroupwithotherstudents.C.Shegaveanexcellentperformancebeforegraduation.D.Shedeliveredaninspiringspeechinfrontoftheschool.27.Whatlessondidtheauthorlearnfromhissister?A.Takenothingtoheart. B.Lovewithoutcondition.C.Sticktoone’sownchoice. D.Learnfromanyonearound.CAsbiologistNicolaFosterandhercolleaguesguidedaremote-controlledmonitorthroughthecoralreefs(珊瑚礁)oftheIndianOcean’sChagosArchipelago,theysawcoralsfullofcolornearthesurface.Butnearly300feetbelow,inthedarkerandcolderwatersofwhatoceanographerscallthe“twilightzone,”somecoralshadturnedterriblewhite,leavingthemvulnerable(脆弱的)todiseaseanddeath.“Itwasn’tsomethingwewereexpectingtosee,”saysFoster,whostudiesdeeperwatercoralecosystemscalledmesophoticreefs.Mesophoticreefswouldseemtobeprotectedfromrisingsea-surfacetemperaturesthatwhitenhigher-upcorals.Butthisteam’s2019observationsshowthedeepestinstanceofbleaching(变白)everrecorded—suggestingsimilarreefsaremorevulnerablethanpreviouslybelieved.Bleachingoftenhappenswhenwarmingwaterboostscoralstoremovethecolorfulalgae(水藻)thatliveintheirtissuesandhelptosustainthem.Althoughsurfacewatersweren’ttypicallywarmwhenFosterandherteamtooktheirmeasurements,thetwilightzonewatersneared84degreesFahrenheit(华氏度)—farabovethe68-to75-degreerangeinwhichmesophoticcoralsareusedto.TheresearchersrealizedthatbleachingisrelatedtothetimingoftheIndianOceanDipole.Thisphenomenonshiftstheregion’ssurfacewindsandoceancurrents,saysstudyco-authorPhilHosegood.Windandwavesshaketheupperocean,keepingitrelativelywarmanduniformintemperature.Butthe2019dipoledeepenedthiswell-mixedupperlayer;thethermocline(thesliceofoceanthatseparateswarmupperwatersfromthecolddepths)hadbecomedeeperthannormal.Then,thosecoralswereexposedtotemperaturesthatarenormallyfoundatthesurface.Thisobservationsuggestsmesophoticreefselsewherecouldalsobebleaching.Fortunately,thecoralsinthisstudyhadlargelyrecoveredtheircolorby2022,Fosternotes.Buteachbleachingstressesthecoralsand,ifextended,canstarvethem.FutureIndianOceanDipolepatternsarelikelytobemoresevere,Hosegoodsays,notingthatdatasuggest“thatthesenaturalcyclesarebecomingincreasedwithclimatechange.”28.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Coralsintwilightzonebecomevulnerablebecauseofbleaching.B.Coralsnormallyfoundatthesurfacewerefoundintwilightzone.C.Mesophoticreefsaremuchmorevulnerablethanhigher-upreefs.D.Mesophoticreefsandhigher-upreefsneeddifferenttemperature.29.Accordingtothepassage,whichgroupofpicturescandescribethechangescausedbytheIndianOceanDipole?A. B.C. D.30.Regardingthefutureofmesophoticreefs,Hosegoodprobablyfeels______.A.excited B.worried C.curious D.hopefulDFordecades,scientiststhoughtofthebrainasthemostcloselyguardedorgan.Lockedsafelybehindabiologicalbarrier,awayfromthedisorderoftherestofthebody,itwasbroadlyfreeofdestructionofgerms(病菌)andthebattlesstartedbytheimmunesystem.Then,20-oddyearsago,someresearchersbegantoaskaquestion:isthebrainreallysoseparate?Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingbodyofevidence,isno—andhasimportanteffectsonbothscienceandhealthcare.Thelistofbrainconditionsthathavebeenassociatedwithchangeselsewhereinthebodyislongandgrowing.Changesinthemake-upofthemicroorganismsresidentinthegut(肠道),forexample,havebeenlinkedtodisorderslikeParkinson’sdisease.SomeresearchersthinkthatcertaininfectionscouldprovokeAlzheimer’sdiseaseandsomecouldleadtoemotionaldisorderinbabies.Theeffectistwo-way.Thereisalengtheninglistofsymptoms(症状)nottypicallyviewedasdisordersofthenervoussysteminwhichthebrainandtheneuralprocessesthatconnectittothebodyplayalargepart.Forexample,thedevelopmentofafeverisinfluencedbyapopulationofneurons(神经元)thatcontrolbodytemperatureandappetite.Theeffectofbrainonbodyisunderlinedbythefindingthatstimulatingaparticularbrainregioninmicecan‘remind’thebodyofpreviousinflammation(炎症)—andreproducethem.Thesefindingsandothersmarkacompleteshiftinourviewoftheinterconnectednessofbrainandbody,andcouldhelpusbothunderstandandtreatillness.Ifsomebrainconditionsstartoutsidethebrain,thenperhapscuresforthemcouldalsoreachinfromoutside.Treatmentsthattakeeffectthroughthedigestivesystem,heartorotherorgans,forinstance,wouldbemucheasierandlessstrikingtogivethanthosethatmustcrosstheblood-brainbarrier,thebrain’sfirstlineofdefence.Intheoppositedirection,theeffectsofouremotionsormoodonourcapacitytorecoverfromillnesscouldalsobeused.Thereisanopeningworkunderwaytestingwhetherstimulatingcertainareasofthebrainthatrespondtorewardandproducefeelingsofpositivitycouldenhancerecoveryfromconditionssuchasheartattacks.Perhapsevenmoreexcitingisthepossibilitythatmakingchangestoourbehaviour—toreducestress,say—couldhavesimilarbenefits.Forneuroscientists,it’stimetolookbeyondthebrain.Andclinicianstreatingthebodymustn’tassumethebrainisabovegettinginvolved—itsactivitycouldbeinfluencingawiderangeofconditions,frommildinfectionstolong-timefatness.31.Theauthorwritesparagraph1mainlyto______.A.evaluateanargumentB.presentanassumptionC.summarizethestructureD.providethebackground32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“provoke”meaninParagraph3?A.Delay. B.Cure. C.Cause. D.Disturb.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Treatmentsthatcrossbrain-bloodbarrierarelessused.B.Previousdiseasescouldcausetheproductionofnewones.C.Emotionscouldaffectthecapacitytofightagainstdiseases.D.Treatmentofthebraintakespriorityoverothertreatments.34.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA B.C. D.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenfightingsugardependence,avoidingaddedsugarinthedietiskey,whichsoundssimple—right?Itcertainlydoes,butthingsbecomeabitmorecomplicatedonceweintroducealternativesweetenersintothemix.____35____Manypeoplethinkthatiftheyreplacethesugarintheirdietwithalternativesweeteners,they’llbegoodtogo,butthisisn’tnecessarilythecase.Alternativesweetenersareeverywhere.____36____Forexample,Steviaisapopularsugarsubstitute(代替者)becauseitisupto200timessweeterthansugarandprovidesfewercalories.Monkfruitisanotherexamplethatisfreefromcalories,sweeterthantablesugar,andgainedfromthejuiceofmonkfruit.____37____Sugaralcoholsprovidefewercaloriesthanregularsugarbecausetheyarenotfullyabsorbedbythebody.Nowthatweknowsomeofthecommontypesofalternativesweeteners,let’stakeadeeperdiveintotheproblemwiththem.Researchinanimalshasshownthatremovingcaloriesfromfoodsthattastesweetcaninterrupttheabilitytocontrolenergyintake.____38____Ifweconsumehighamountsofalternativesweeteners,itmayheightenourpreferenceforsweetness,resultingintheoveruseofsugar-sweetenedfoodsanddrinks.Theotherinterestingthingaboutalternativesweetenersisthatourbrainsdon’trecognizethemas“fake(假的)”sugar.____39____Wheneverafoodtastessweet,amessageissenttothebrainthatcommunicateswearetastingasweetfood—whichcanfurtherfeedintothesugardependencecycle.SowhatdoIrecommend?Inordertofullyputadefiniteendtosugardependence,reducingyourintakeofalternativesweetenersshouldbethegoal.A.Thetasteprofileofalternativesweetenersvaries.B.Wecan’tforgetabouttheever-so-popularsugaralcohols.C.Therearecountlessalternativesweetenersonthemarket.D.Ourbrainsensessomethingsweetandthinksitisrealsugar.E.Theymayhelpreducethecaloriecontentofgood-tastingfoodsanddrinks.F.Artificialsweetenersmayalsocauseone’sbodytoprefersweeter-tastingfoods.G.Alternativesweetenersarereferredtoas“low-calorie”or“no-calorie”sweeteners.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题Uncertaintyisallaroundus,nevermoresothantoday.Whetheritconcernsyourhealthorrelationships,muchofwhatliesaheadinliferemainsuncertain.We’realldifferentinhowmuchuncertaintywecantolerateinlife.Somepeopleseemtoenjoytakingrisksandlivingunpredictablelives,whileothersfindtherandomnessoflifedeeplyannoying.Butallofushavealimit.Ifyoufeelcontrolledbyuncertaintyandworry,it’simportanttoknowthatyou’renotalone;manyofusareinthesameboat.Tocopewithallthisuncertainty,manyofususeworryingasatoolfortryingtopredictthefutureandavoidunpleasantsurprises.Worryingcanmakeitseemlikeyouhavesomecontroloveruncertaincircumstances.Youmayalsobelievethatitwillhelpyoufindasolutiontoyourproblemsorprepareyoufortheworst.Unfortunately,long-termworryingjustrobsyouofenjoymentinthepresentandweakensyourenergy.Buttherearehealthierwaystocopewithun