2019年高考英语一轮复习专题05Canada-“TheTrueNorth”（教学案）新人教版必修3

专题05Canada“TheTrueNorth”【高频单词】1．measure(vi.&vt.)测量；衡量；判定(n.)计量制；计量单位；措施2．aboard(prep.&adv.)在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；上(船、飞机、火车等)3．within(prep.)在……之内4．border(n.)边界；国界；边沿；(vt.&vi.)与……接壤；接近5．urban(adj.)城市的；市镇的→(反义词)rural(adj.)乡村的；农村的6．topic(n.)话题7．confirm(vt.)证实；证明；批准→confirmation(n.)证实；证明；认可8．approximately(adv.)接近；大约→approximate(adj.)接近的；大约9．dawn(n.)黎明；拂晓；破晓10．surround(vt.)包围；围绕→surroundings(n.)(复)周围的事物；环境→surrounding(adj.)周围的11．slight(adj.)轻微的；微小的→slightly(adv.)稍稍；轻微地12．mix(vt.&vi.)混合；调配→mixture(n.)混合(物)；混合状态13．wealthy(adj.)富有的→wealth(n.)财富14．distance(n.)距离；远方→distant(adj.)在远处的；远方的15．downtown(adj.)市区的(adv.)在市区；往市区16．tradition(n.)传统；风俗→traditional(adj.)传统的；风俗习惯的→traditionally(adv.)传统地17．terrify(vt.)使恐怖；恐吓→terrified(adj.)恐惧的；受惊吓的→terror(n.)恐惧→terrible(adj.)恐惧的；可怕的18．impress(vt.)使印象深刻；使铭记→impressive(adj.)给人印象深刻的；感人的→impression(n.)印象19．broad(adj.)宽阔的；广泛的→broaden(v.)增长；扩大；(使)变宽20．nearby(adv.)在附近；(adj.)附近的→near(prep.)在……附近21．mist(n.)雾→misty(adj.)有薄雾的；模糊的22．pleased(adj.)欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的→please(v.)请；使满意；使愉快→pleasure(n.)高兴；愉快；快乐23．baggage(n.)行李→(同义词)luggage(n.)行李【重点短语】1．rather_than与其；不愿2．settle_down定居；平静下来；专心于3．manage_to_do设法做4．catch_sight_of看见；瞥见5．have_a_gift_for有……天赋6．in_the_distance在远处7．at_dawn在黎明8．dream_about/of梦想9．as_far_as远到；直到；至于10．be_surrounded_by/with被……包围【热点句型】1．序数词＋最高级Itisthe_second_largest_country(第二大国)intheworld.(教材P33)2．ratherthan“与其，不愿”，连接并列部分Rather_than_take_the_aeroplane_all_the_way(不愿一路乘飞机),theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrainfromwesttoeastacrossCanada.(教材P34)3．比较级＋anyother...“比任何一个都……”Canadahasmore_fresh_water_than_any_other_country_(淡水要比任何一个国家都多)intheworld.(教材P34)4．独立主格结构Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall,some_measuring(一些树高达)over90metres.(教材P34)5．asfaras...“直到……；远到……”It'stoobadyou_can't_go_as_far_as(你不能一直走至)Ottawa,Canada'scapital.(教材P38)6．not...until...“直到……才……”Theywerenot_leaving_for_Montreal_until_later(晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔),sotheywentonatourofthecity.(教材P38)高频考点一单词例1、surroundvt.&vi.包围；围绕PeoplesayitisCanada'smostbeautifulcity,surroundedbymountainsandthePacificOcean.(P34)人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。【归纳拓展】(1)surroundsb./sth.withsb./sth.使某人/物包围某人/物besurroundedby/with...被……包围(2)surroundingadj.周围的(3)surroundingsn.环境【名师点睛】surroundings指周围具体的、物质性的环境，而environment指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活的环境条件。Theboygrewupinbeautifulsurroundingsbutnotinahappyhomeenvironment.这个男孩成长的周边环境很漂亮，但家庭环境不幸福。【语境助记】①[2016·江苏高考]Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty,surrounded_bycriminalsandviolence,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.这个前几年还一直生活在贫困中，被犯罪和暴力包围的光脚男孩，在运动史上谱写了新篇章。②[2016·浙江高考]Surround_yourself_withupliftingindividualswhochallengeyoutobebetterwhilelovingyouforwhoyouare.让你自己被积极向上的人所围绕，他们在喜欢你这个人的同时挑战你从而使你成为更优秀的人。③Asachild,Iwas_surrounded_byloveandkindness.幼年时我备受关爱。④Surrounded_bytheseaonthreesides,modernQingdaoisconsideredoneofthemostlivablecitiesinChina.现代的青岛三面环水，被认为是中国最宜居住的城市之一。⑤Thehouseissituatedinverypleasantsurroundings.那所房子所处的环境非常优美。例2、measurevt.&vi.测量；衡量；判定n．计量制；计量单位；措施；尺寸Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.(P34)那儿湿气大，树木极高，有些树高度超过90米。【归纳拓展】(1)measure...by...用……来衡量……bemeasuredby/in用……来衡量/计算(2)takemeasures/sttif/actionto_dosth.采取措施做某事makesth.tosb.'smeasure照某人的尺寸做某物takeone'smeasure给某人量尺寸【名师点睛】measure意为“有……长宽、高、重”时为不及物动词，常用主动形式。Theclassroommeasures30feetlongand20feetwide.,这个教室长30英尺，宽20英尺。【语境助记】①[2016·北京高考]“Althoughthese_measuresarenot“effectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow，”hesays.他说：“尽管这些措施并不是永远有效，但是它们现在是至关重要的。”②It'sgenerallyacknowledgedthateducationshouldn'tbe_measuredonlybyexaminationresults.普遍认为教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。③Intheolddays,mymotheralwaysmadenewclothesto_my_own_measurewiththeSpringFestivaling.过去，妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身定做新衣服。④Weappealtothegovernmenttotake_measures_topreventitfrombadtoworse.我们呼吁政府采取措施阻止它进一步恶化。例3、confirmvt.证实；证明；批准...therewasfrostontheground,confirmingthatfallhadarrivedinCanada.(P38)……地面上覆盖了一层霜，表明秋天已经来到了加拿大。【归纳拓展】eq\a\vs4\al(confirmsb.insth.使某人确信某事,confirmacontract批准合同,confirmsth./that/whether...证实……,Ithasbeenconfirmedthat...已经确定……)【语境助记】①Whentheinterviewisonedayaway,sendane－mailtoconfirm_the_timeoftheappointment.在面试的前一天，发一封确认面试时间的电子邮件。②Thelatestevidenceconfirmedmeinhishonesty.最新的证据让我坚信他是诚实的。③[牛津高阶]It_has_been_confirmed_thatthemeetingwilltakeplacenextweek.已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。例4、distancen．距离；远方；遥远；疏远v．把……远远抛(或甩)在后面；与……疏远Inthedistance,theycouldseethemistycloudthatrosefromthegreatNiagaraFalls,whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.(P38)远处，她们可以看到在湖的南边尼亚加拉瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。【归纳拓展】(1)inthedistance在远处；远方的at/fromadistance从远处；离一段距离atadistanceof...在……的距离withinwalkingdistance步行即可到达；步行距离之内keepsb.atadistance对……冷淡；与……疏远(2)distantadj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的【名师点睛】eq\a\vs4\al(提问距离多远时，如果用distance，则疑问词用what。,WhatisthedistancebetweenPhiladelphiaandChicago？,从费城到芝加哥有多远？)【语境助记】①Wesawlightsin_the_distance.我们看到了远处的点点灯光。②It'sabeautifulhouse,especiallyat_a_distance.这是一所漂亮的房子，从远处看尤其如此。③Thebeachiswithinwalkingdistanceofmyhouse.海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。④[牛津高阶]Thetimewespenttogetherisnowa_distant_memory.我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。⑤Itwasdifficulttogettoknowherbecauseshealwayskepteveryoneat_a_distance.很难了解她，因为她总是对每个人保持一定距离。例5、impressvt.使印象深刻；使铭记；铭刻；给……留下极深的印象Describetwoorthreethingsthatimpressedyoumostandyourfeelingswhenyouexperiencedthem.(P39)描绘两三件给你印象最深刻的事情和当你经历它们的时候的感觉。【归纳拓展】(1)impresssth.on/uponsb.＝impresssb.withsth.使某人铭记某事物beimpressedby/with/at对……印象深刻Itimpressessb.that...令人佩服的是……(2)impressionn.印象；感想make/give/createanimpressionon/upon...给……一个印象have/gettheimpressionthat...有……的印象(3)impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的【语境助记】①Myfatherimpressed_me_withthevalueofhardwork.我父亲让我铭记努力工作的价值。②Theaudiencewas_impressed_byhisamazingperformance.观众被他惊艳的表演打动了。③Thenewteachermade/left_a_good_impression_onthestudentsbyherrichknowledgeandhumoroustalk.那位新老师以她丰富的知识和幽默的语言给同学们留下了很好的印象。④[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressions_ofyouthroughthatlittledevice(装置)onyourdesk.成百上千的人已通过你办公桌上的那个小装置对你产生印象。⑤[牛津高阶]Shewasveryimpressiveintheinterview.她在面试中表现得十分出色。高频考点三短语例1、settledown定居；平静下来；专心于；着手……Thatafternoonaboardthetrain,thecousinssettleddownintheirseats.(P34)那天下午表姐妹俩登上了火车落了座。【归纳拓展】(1)settlein/into安顿下来；适应新的工作环境等settledownto＋(doing)sth.开始(做)某事；着手认真(做)某事settleaproblem/anargument解决问题/争议(2)settlementn.解决；处理；决定；和解；殖民地reach/arriveatasettlement达成协议【名师点睛】settlein表示刚到一个新的环境安顿下来，而settledown强调的是适应环境后安顿下来。【语境助记】①Waituntilthestudentssettle_downbeforeyoustartthelesson.等学生们都静下心来再开始上课。②Shesettled_fortablyinanarmchairtoreadherbook.她舒适地坐在扶手椅里看书。③Beforewesettledowntodiscussingotherthings,I'veaquestiontoaskyou.在我们开始讨论别的事情之前，我有个问题要请教你。④Withalotofdifficultproblemsto_settle,_thenewly－electedpresidentishavingahardtime.有很多难题要解决，这位新任总经理的日子不好过。⑤[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Theysettled_inatafortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.她们在一个舒适的东部咖啡店里坐下来，几分钟后，另一位顾客朝她们的桌子走来。⑥[牛津高阶]Themanagerandtheworkershave_reached_a_settlementovernewworkingconditions.经理和工人们已就新的工作条件达成协议。⑦写出下列句中settledown的含义a．Oneday,I'llwanttosettledownandhaveafamily.定居；安顿下来b．Theysettleddowntoaseriousdiscussionovercoffee.着手c．Italwaystakestheclassawhiletosettledownatthestartofthelesson.安静下来例2、managetodo设法做...theymanagedtocatchsightofsomemountaingoatsandevenagrizzlybearandaneagle.(P34)……她们总算看到了一些野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。【归纳拓展】eq\a\vs4\al(managesb.设法对付某人,managesth.经营/管理某事物如公司或组织,manageit能做到,managetodosth.设法做成某事)【语境助记】①Halfanhourlater,Imanaged_to_findthecorrectanswer.半个小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。②Sheknowshowtomanage_himwhenhe'sangry.她知道他生气时如何对付他。③Hetookgreatpainstomanage_the_factorywell.为了管理好工厂，他可真是煞费苦心。④That'snotahardjob.I'msureIcanmanage_itmyself.那活儿又不难干。我相信我一个人就能对付得了。【易混辨析】managetodo“设法做成某事”，不定式所表示的动作一定完成了，相当于succeedindoingsth.trytodo“努力做某事”，不定式所表示的动作不一定完成⑤[一言辨异]Nomatterwhathappened,Itried_to_finishmytaskonschedule.Luckily,withmyteacher'stimelyhelp,Imanaged_to_finishitaheadoftime.无论发生什么，我都努力按计划完成我的工作。幸运的是，在我老师的及时帮助下，我提前完成了工作。例3、catchsightof看见；发现Earlierthatday,whentheycrossedtheRockyMountains,theymanagedtocatchsightofsomemountaingoatsandevenagrizzlybearandaneagle.(P34)那天早些时候，当火车穿越落基山脉时，她们总算看到了一些野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。【归纳拓展】atfirstsight初次见到时；乍看上去atthesightof一看见……就……losesightof看不见表动作loseone'ssight失明outofsight看不见视野之外表状态in/withinsight看得见；在眼前【语境助记】①Icaught_sight_ofherhurryingawaybutIdidnottrytospeaktoher.我看见她匆忙走开，但我并没有跟她讲话。②Myfatherwaveduntilwewereout_of_sight.父亲挥着手，直到再也看不到我们。③Wefinallywenttohavealookatthehouseanditwaslovedat_first_sight.最终我们去看了一下房子，并对此房一见钟情。④At_the_sight_ofthepolicemen,thethiefranawayimmediately.贼一见到警察就逃跑了。⑤WhenShawlost_his_sight,_hiswifesuggestedheapplyforaguidedog.肖失明后，他的妻子建议他申请一只导盲犬。高频考点三、句型例1、Rather_thantaketheaeroplanealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrainfromwesttoeastacrossCanada.(P34)她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。【归纳拓展】(1)ratherthan而不是，连接平行结构(2)other_than不同于；除了or_other更确切地说more_than多于；不仅仅；非常(3)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(wouldratherdosth.thandosth.,woulddosth.ratherthandosth.,prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.))eq\a\vs4\al(宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事)【名师点睛】(1)ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。Theysaidthedirector,ratherthantheclerks,wasresponsiblefortheincident.他们说不是职员，而是主管要为这次事件负责。(2)wouldrather＋从句，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，一般过去时表示对现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示对过去的愿望。Iwouldratheryoudidn'tdoanythingforthetimebeing.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。【语境助记】①[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Whateveritis,makesureit'sarelieffromdailystressrather_thananotherthingtoworryabout.无论那是什么事，确信它是从日常压力中的一种解脱，而不是另一件需要担心的事情。②Therewasnothingwecoulddoother_thanwait.除了等待以外，我们没有其他办法。③ImethimverylateonFridaynight,or_ratherearlyonSaturdaymorning.我在星期五深夜见到他，更确切地说是在星期六凌晨。④Theywould_rathergofishingthanstayathome.他们宁愿去钓鱼，也不愿待在家里。例2、Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall,some_measuring_over_90_metres.(P34)那儿湿气大，树木极高，有些树高度超过90米。【归纳拓展】此句中somemeasuringover90metres是独立主格结构。独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，而非句子，相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。其构成为：名词(代词)＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。【语境助记】①Leaves_falling_here_and_there,_Isuddenlynoticeautumnisdrawingupon.树叶到处飘着，我一下子意识到秋天来临了。②There_being_no_bus,_wehadtowalkhomeafterthepartywasover.在晚会结束后，没有公共汽车，我们不得不走回家。③His_dinner_eaten_alone,_Philipwalkedstraightintothelibrary.独自一个人吃完饭后，菲利普径直走进图书馆。④Arobberburstintotheroom,knife_in_hand.劫匪手里拿着刀闯进房间。⑤Terribleasthestormwas,umbrellas_tightly_heldinourhands,wecontinuedourway.尽管风暴很可怕，但我们手里紧握着雨伞，继续前行。高频考点四、语法同位语从句同位语从句(AppositiveClause)在句子中作某一抽象名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，解释和说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise,suggestion,order,possibility等。1．通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，不能省略，从句用陈述句语序。SomepeoplehavetheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedays.一些人有这样的观点：你可以在不到五天之内横穿加拿大。2．同位语从句还可以用关系副词whether,when,where,why,how等引导。Thestudentaskedmethequestionwhetherthebookwasworthreading.那个学生问我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。3．定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语)【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears___61___(long)thannonrunners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong___62___(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof___63___(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycann'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit___64___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife___65___walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014___66___showedamerefiveto10minutesAdayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall___67___(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto___68___(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways___69___(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive___70___atry.【答案】61.longer62.tosee63.dying64.is65.than66.that\which67.causes68.strength69.energetic70.it\running【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。64.考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。65.考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的moreeffective可知此处填than。69.考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。70.考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处giveitatry意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。【2018·全国III】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenmostofusgetatextmessageonourcellphonefromanunknownperson,weusuallysay＂sorry,___41___number!＂andmoveon.ButwhenDennisWilliams____42____atextthatclearlywasn’tintendedforhim,hedidsomething____43____.OnMarch19,Dennisgotagrouptext____44____himthatacouplehedidn’tknowwereatthehospital,waitingforthe____45____ofababy.＂Congratulations!ButIthinksomeonewasmistaken,＂Dennis____46____.Thebabywasbornandupdatetextswere____47____quicklyfromtheoverjoyedgrandmother,Teresa.Inher____48____,shedidn’tseemtorealizethatshewas____49____thebaby’sphotoswithapletestranger.＂Well,Idon’t____50____youallbutIwillgettheretotakepictureswiththebaby,＂repliedDennisbeforeaskingwhichroomthenew____51____werein.Muchtothefamily’ssurprise,Dennisstucktohis____52____!Heturnedupatthehospital____53____giftsforthenewmotherLindseyandherbabyboy.Lindsey’shusbandwastotally____54____bytheunexpectedvisit.＂Idon’tthinkwewouldhaverandomlyinvitedhimoverbutwe____55____itandthegifts.＂Teresa____56____aphotoofthechancemeetingonasocialnetworkingwebsite____57____bythetouchingwords:＂Whata____58____thisyoungmanwastoourfamily!Hewasso____59____andkindtodothis.＂Theposthassincegainedthe____60____ofsocialmediausersallovertheworld,receivingmorethan184,000sharesand61,500likesinjustthreedays.41.A.unlucky B.secret C.new D.wrong42.A.received B.translated C.copied D.printed43.A.reasonable B.special C.necessary D.practical44.A.convincing B.reminding C.informing D.warning45.A.wakeup B.recovery C.growth D.arrival46.A.responded B.interrupted C.predicted D.repeated47.A.ingin B.settingout C.passingdown D.movingaround48.A.opinion B.anxiety C.excitement D.effort49.A.paring B.exchanging C.discussing D.sharing50.A.accept B.know C.believe D.bother51.A.parents B.doctors C.patients D.visitors52.A.dream B.promise C.agenda D.principle53.A.bearing B.collecting C.opening D.making54.A.discouraged B.relaxed C.astonished D.defeated55.A.admit B.need C.appreciate D.expect56.A.found B.selected C.developed D.posted57.A.confirmed B.simplified C.clarified D.acpanied58.A.pity B.blessing C.relief D.problem59.A.smart B.calm C.sweet D.fair60.A.sympathy B.attention C.control D.trust【答案】41.D42.A43.B44.C45.D46.A47.A48.C49.D50.B51.A52.B53.A54.C55.C56.D57.D58.B59.C60.B41.D.考查形容词。根据后文ButwhenDennisWilliams42atextthatclearlywasn'tintendedforhim,hedidsomething43以及后文他所做的事情可以得知，大部分人会回应拨错号了。A.unlucky不幸的；B.secret秘密的；C.new新的；D.wrong错误的。故选D。42.考查动词。根据文章第一句Whenmostofusgetatextmessageonourcellphonefromanunknownperson可以推知，他接到了。A.received收到；B.translated翻译；C.copied复制；D.printed印刷。故选A。43.B.考查形容词。根据后文内容可知，他做了与众不同的事情，所以用special合适。A.reasonable合理的；B.special特别的；C.necessary必要的；D.practical现实可行的。44.C考查动词。根据后句acouplehedidn’tknowwereatthehospital,waitingforthe____ofababy.可知，这对陌生夫妇是在告诉他这个消息。A.convincing让人信服的；B.reminding提醒；C.informing通知；D.warning警告。故选C。47.A考查动词短语。根据本句Thebabywas