2024-2025学年高中英语Unit23Conflict单元语法二-表达完成的动词形式学案含解析北师大版选修8

PAGEUnit23Conflict单元语法(二)——表达完成的动词形式[语法图解][语法感悟]单句语法填空1．Iexpectyouhave_been_working(work)hardforyourexams!2．AtleastbythetimeIgetbackIwill_have_read(read)thatawfullyboringbookthatmyhistoryteacherhas_made(make)mereadovertheholidays.3．IfIhad_realised(realise)itwasthatdangerousIwouldneverhavestoodsoclose!4．Hehad_been_standing(stand)thereforaminuteorsowhentherewasanoise.5．Hehas_seen(see)thefilmLettheBulletsFlytwice.一、谓语动词的完成形式1．基本形式时态形式意义现在完成时have/hasdone表示动作起先于过去，并持续到现在或过去动作对现在造成了肯定的影响或后果过去完成时haddone表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”将来完成时will/shallhavedone表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing表示从过去某一时间起先始终持续到现在的动作或状态，可能刚刚终止，也可能还要接着下去过去完成进行时hadbeendoing表示过去某一时间起先始终持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态IhavevisitedmostofthecitiesinChinasincefiveyearsago.五年来我已游遍了中国的大多数城市。Annisverytired.Shehasbeenworkinghard.安很累，她始终努力工作。Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.我们到剧场时戏已经起先了。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.到那时他们将已婚20年了。Nobodyknewwhattheyhadbeendoingalltheseyears.没有人知道他们这些年都在干什么。2．值得留意的几点：(1)现在完成时常见表达方式。①for＋时间段；since＋时间点TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.他们在北京住了五年了。TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.自从1995年以来他们始终住在北京。②出现不确定的时间状语：lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays等，常用现在完成时。Hasitstoppedrainingyet?雨已经停了吗？③表示“最近几年/月/周/天以来……”等的时间状语：inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days;overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等，谓语用现在完成时。Owingtotheheavyraininthepastfewdays,floodshaveoccurredinsomepartsofthecountry.由于近几日大雨，全国有些地方发生了洪水。④“Itis(was)the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”，从句中用现在(或过去)完成时。Itwasthefirsttimethathehadseenhisworkinprint.这是他第一次望见自己的作品出版。(2)现在完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，它具备未完成性或特定的感情色调。Hehasbeensleepingalltheafternoon.他已睡了一下午了。(3)过去完成时必需以过去某一时刻为起点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去的某个动作相比较时才能用到。HehadpreparedwellbeforehesteppedontothestageofAvenueofStars.在走上《星光大道》的舞台之前，他已做了充分的打算。[即学即用1]单句语法填空1．Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas_made(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.2．Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhas_been_reached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.3．Hehas_been_learning(learn)Englishfor8years,andhe'llkeeponit.4．Thefootballfanwasverytiredbecausehehad_been_watching(watch)theleaguematchthewholenight.5．Wewill_have_finished(finish)thejobtwodaysaheadoftimeifitdoesn'train.二、“情态动词＋havedone”表示推想或责怪can(could),may(might),must,should(oughtto),need等有时接havedone对过去动作或状态进行推想或责怪。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(should/oughttohavedone本该做某事而事实上没做,musthavedone肯定做了某事,needn'thavedone本不必做某事而事实上做了,canhavedone可能做了某事多用于否定句和疑问句,couldhavedone可能做了某事；本能做某事而事实上,未做,mayhavedone可能做了某事,mighthavedone可能做了某事；本可能做某事而实际,上未做))Shecan'thavefinishedthework.她不行能做完了这个工作。Hemighthavearrivednow.现在他可能已经到了。Sheshouldhavetoldmethenewsearlier.她本该早点告知我这个消息的。三、非谓语动词的完成形式形式意义不定式tohavedone表示说话时，动作已经完成tohavebeendoing表示在谓语动词动作之前始终在持续进行的动作动词­inghavingdone表示发生在谓语动词动作之前的动作Youappeartohaveknownthematter.你似乎已经知道这件事情了。SheissaidtohavebeenwritingthenovelaboutNewYorkforyears.据说多年来她始终在写这本关于纽约的小说。Havingfoundahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方了。Heapologizedtousforhavingbrokenhisword.他因为违反诺言而向我们致歉了。[即学即用2]单句语法填空1．Having_run(run)fortwomiles,boththemanandthehorsegaveout.2．Ihappenedto_have_driven(drive)thatkindofcarbefore.3．Heapologizedtousfornothaving_kept(keep)hispromise.4．Tomissaidtohave_been_working(work)inChinafor10years.5．Theroomisempty,wherecan/couldhehave_gone(go)?Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Georgecan'thave_gone(go)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.2．Having_noted(note)downournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedme.3．I'mverysorrytohave_kept(keep)youwaitingforalongtime.4．IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears,butseldomhaveIfelt(feel)solonelyasnow.5．Bythetimeherealizeshehas_walked(walk)intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.6．Ifwedon'thurryup,thestorewill_have_been_closed(close)beforewegetthere.7．Having_been_told(tell)manytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistakeagain.8．ThisiswhatIhave_been_expecting(expect)sincemychildhood.9．Ihavebeenstudyinghereforfouryears.BynextsummerIshallhave_graduated(graduate)．10．John,whogotmarriedlastweek,spent$3,000morethanhehad_planned(plan)forthewedding.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Theyhave_been_fightingforindependencesincethe1960s.他们从20世纪60年头以来始终在为独立而斗争。2．Atlasttheygotthelettertheyhad_been_expecting.最终他们收到了他们始终期盼的信。3．Beforelonghewill_have_forgottenallaboutthematter.不久他就会完全遗忘这件事的。4．I'msorryto_have_givenyousomuchtrouble.对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。5．Irememberedhaving_givenitbackassoonasIgotho