2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课时作业1含解析新人教版必修3

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars课时作业13Ⅰ.阅读词汇预习Reading部分的词汇，完成下列小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。LiHuaisamiddleschoolstudent,wholikesastronomy1.________.Heknowsalotaboutsolar2.________system.Theboywantstobeanastronomerwithagoodknowledgeofspace.Heknowsknowledgeisfundamental3.________tohisdream.Thus4.________heisworkinghardtomakehisdreamcometrue.Hebelieveshewillbefamousallovertheglobe5.________.答案1．天文学2.太阳的3.基本的/基础的4.因此5.地球Ⅱ.阅读课文，完成下列练习1．Thetextmainlytellsusthe________oftheearthandthe________oflifeonit.2．Whichistherightorderofthedevelopmentoflife?A．Smallcleveranimals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→smallcleveranimals→mammals.C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→smallcleveranimals.D．Dinosaurs→shellfish→mammals→smallcleveranimals.答案1．formation;development2.CⅢ.阅读课文HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH并回答下列问题1．Whatistherightorderaccordingtothetext?①Animalsappearedandspread.②Theformationoftheearth.③Plantsappeared.④Differencebetweentheearthandotherplanets.A．②—③—④—① B．②—④—③—①C．③—④—①—② D．②—①—④—③2．Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?A．Itproducedalotofheat.B．Waterremained.C．Waterdisappeared.D．Itwastheoldestplanet.3．Whatisthemaincausethatlifewasabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?A．Theearthhadasolidshape.B．Theearthdidnothaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.C．Waterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D．Theearthwasneithertoohotnortoocold.4．Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?A．Animalsneededplantstoprotectthemfromthesun.B．Plantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.C．Animalscouldhidefromhuntersintheforest.D．Itwaseasierforplantstogrow.5．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.A．afterthe“BigBang”，whatthedustwastobecomeremainedamysteryB．plantsappearedaftertheanimalsC．theplantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceanswithoxygenD．plantsplayedanimportantpartintheappearanceoftheanimals答案1．B2.B3.C4.B5.DⅣ.依据课文HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH的内容填空Theearthwasjustacloudof1.________afterthe“BigBang”.Theearth2.________loudlywithfireandrock.Theywerein3.________toproducemanythings,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve4.________gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Thefirstsmallplants5.________andfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragedthe6.________ofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsects,reptilesanddinosaursandsoonappearedaftergreenplantsappeared.Smallcleveranimals7.________allovertheearth.Theyareputtingtoo8.________carbondioxideintotheatmosphere,which9.________heatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewill10.________onwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.答案1．dust2.exploded3.time4.harmful5.multiplied6．development7.spread8.much9.prevents10.depend阅读理解ATheearthistheonlyplanetthatscientiststhinkhaslife.Whydoestheearthhavelifewhileotherplanetsdon't?Foronething,theearthhasjusttherighttemperature.Asthe_third_planetfromthesun,theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceaway.Theplanetswhichareclosertothesunaresohotthattheirsurfacesbakeinthesun.Thefarthestplanetsarecoldballs.Whentheearthdeveloped—whichscientistsbelievemayhavehappenedaboutfourbillionyearsago—manygasescoveredtheearth.Thegasescausedtheearthtobehot.Butsomethingwonderfulhappened.Thetemperaturewasjustrightforthickcloudstoform.Itrainedveryhardforaverylongtime.Thisgavetheearthitsoceans.Watermadeitpossibleforplantstogrow.Theplantscreatedoxygenintotheatmosphere.Oxygenisthegasthathumansandanimalsbreathe.Onlyoneotherplanetinthesolarsystemseemstobesomethingliketheearth.ThatplanetisMars(火星).Marsissmallerthantheearth,anditisquiteabitcooler.Butitisnottoocoldforhumans.Onsomedays,thetemperaturesareaslowasawinterdayinthenorthernUnitedStates.Ifyouworeaspecialspacesuit,youcouldwalkaroundonMars.Youwouldhavetobringyourownairtobreathe,becausetheaironMarsistoothintobreathe.Marshasthelargestvolcano(火山)inthesolarsystem.Itissixteenmileshigh.Thehighestvolcanoontheearthisfivemileshigh.ThemostunexpectedsightonMarsisdried­upriverbeds.ScientistsbelievethatMarswasoncemuchbetterthanitisnow.DoesthismeantherecouldhavebeenlivingthingsonMars?Scientistsarenotsure,buttherehasbeennosignsofar.1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthattheearthhaslife?A．Theearthhasjusttherighttemperature.B．ThevolcanosontheeartharelowerthanthoseonMars.C．Thereisoxygenintheatmosphereoftheearth.D．Theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceawayfromthesun.2．Theunderlinedphrase“thethirdplanet”inthefirstparagraphrefersto“________”．A．thesun B．themoonC．theearth D．Mars3．WhichofthefollowingaboutMarsisNOTtrue?A．TherecouldhavebeenlivingthingsonMars.B．Marshasthelargestvolcanointhesolarsystem.C．ThereisalmostnooxygenintheaironMars.D．Marsissmallerthantheearth,anditisquiteabitcooler.答案与解析本文主要讲解并描述的是地球适合人类生存的缘由以及科学家发觉火星与地球相像，但还没有在火星上发觉生命迹象。1．B细微环节理解题。结合文章第一、二段可知地球有生命存在的缘由包括地球上合适的温度、与太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。火山与此无关。故选B项。2．C推理推断题。结合文章第一段的“Asthethirdplanetfromthesun,theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceaway.”可知这里的thethirdplanet指地球，故选C项。3．A细微环节理解题。文章最终一段提到火星上有干枯的河床的迹象，但这一点并不能证明火星上存在生命，故A项不正确。BZerogravitylookscool.Butwhataboutthethingnoonelikestotalkabout?Yes,thatisright:goingtothebathroom.Zerogravitymakesthiseverydaytaskquiteachallenge.Astronautshavetobetoilet­trainedalloveragain.TheApolloastronautsraisedthemselvesofftheseatoftheirchairsandstuckaclearplasticbagtotheirbacksideswithstickystrips.Asecondastronautwatchedcloselytobesurenowastematterescapedtheseal.(Youwouldnotwantthatstufffloatingaroundthecabin！)Whenthedeedwasdone,theastronautcleanedupwithapieceofplasticattachedtotheinsideofthebag,removedthebag,droppedadisinfectant(消毒剂)pillinwiththewastematter,andputthewholething,sealed,intoaspecialcontainer.DonaldW．Rethke,anengineerforHamiltonStandardSpaceSystems,developedamoreprivatewaytoanswernature'scall:thespacetoilet.Itissomewhatlikethekindoftoiletonewouldfindoncommercialairplanes—withuniqueadaptationsforzerogravity,ofcourse.Forinstance,ithasthighbarsthatkeeptheastronautfromfloatingofftheseat.Theastronaut(maleorfemale)defecates(排便)inabagandurinates(排尿)inahose.Solidandliquidwastesarekeptseparatedbecauseatleast85%oftheurineisrecycledand,yes,aftercarefulfiltration(过滤),usedfordrinkingandotherpurposes.(Waterisalwaysindemandinspace.)Avacuumfacilitysucksthewastematerialsintothetoilet,wherethewasteiscompactedintohamburger­likepattiesforeasystorage.Althoughnotexactlylikeanearthboundvisittothetoilet,itisattheveryleastmuchmoreprivatethanintheearlydaysofspacetravel.4．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thelackofthegravitycanturnsomethingassimpleas________intoamajorchallenge.A．eating B．takingbathsC．sleeping D．goingtotherestroom5．HowdidastronautsusetoiletsystemsintheApollodays?A．Noneofthewasteswereseparatedastheyarenow.B．Solidwasteswerecompressed(压缩)andstoredonboard.C．Thetoiletunitsusedwatertoremovethewastesthroughthesystem.D．Theastronautseachusedtheirownprivaterestroom.6．Toensuretheuserremainsseated,thetoiletwasequippedwith________.A．aplasticbag B．astickystripC．awidehose D．thighbars7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatmostoftheas