初中英语定语从句讲解练习及答案

定语从句【关系代词引导的定语从句】（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?限制性定语从句中只能用that

引导定语从句的情况

1．当先行词是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

除外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代词修饰时。如：

Have

you

taken

down

everything

that

Mr.

Li

said?

There

seems

to

be

nothing

that

is

impossible

to

him

in

the

world.

All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.

There

is

little

that

I

can

do

for

you.

He

stayed

in

the

library

and

looked

up

any

information

that

they

needed.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：

Any

man

that

/

who

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

do

such

a

thing.

All

the

guests

that

/

who

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.

4．当先行词被the

very,

the

only修饰时。如：

This

is

the

very

dictionary

that

I

want

to

buy.

这正是我要买的词典。

After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

that

he

owns.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

who

will

attend

the

meeting.

5．当先行词前面有who,

which等疑问代词时。如：

Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

by

the

gate?

Which

is

the

T-shirt

that

fits

me

most?

6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：

They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

that

they

remembered

at

school

Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

that

are

walking

up

the

street.

7.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which,ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.8.关系代词作表语时一般不用who,而用that,Heisnotthemanthathewas.只用which，不用that的情况。

1.定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如：

The

thing

about

which

the

teacher

is

talking

is

very

important.

老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。

2.先行词本身是that,

those时，如：

What’s

that

which

is

flying

in

the

sky?

在天空中飞的那是什么？3.which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与andthis相似。例如：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.4.“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等，关系代词常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。例如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.像listento，lookat，dependon，payattentionto，takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.That作介词的宾语，介词不能放在that的前面，只能放在原来的位置。Thecitythat/whichshelivesinisveryfaraway.【关系副词引导的定语从句】1．

when

指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

The

time

when

we

got

together

finally

arrived.

October

1,

1949

was

the

day

when

the

People’s

Republic

of

China

was

founded.

Do

you

remember

the

years

when

he

lived

in

the

countryside

with

his

grandparents.

2．

where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai

is

the

city

where

I

was

born.

The

house

where

I

lived

ten

years

ago

has

been

pulled

down.

Is

this

the

place

where

they

fought

the

enemy?

3．

why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please

tell

me

the

reason

why

you

missed

the

plane.

The

reason

why

he

was

punished

is

unknown

to

us.

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

From

the

years

when

/

in

which

he

was

going

to

primary

school

in

the

country

he

had

known

what

he

wanted

to

be

when

he

grew

up.

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where

/

in

which

they

live.

The

reason

why

/

for

which

he

refused

the

invitation

is

quite

clear.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”

关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略

B．可用that

C．可用who

代替whom

非限制性定语从句

形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。

译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上：A．不可省略

B．不用that

C．不可用who

代替whom

限制性定语从句：

The

teacher

told

me

that

Tom

was

the

only

person

that

I

could

depend

on.

China

is

a

country

which

has

a

long

history.

中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

In

the

street

I

saw

a

man

who

was

from

Africa.

非限制性定语从句举例：

His

mother,

who

loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

China,

which

was

founded

in

1949,

is

becoming

more

and

more

powerful.

Last

summer

I

visited

the

People’s

Great

Hall,

in

which

many

important

meetings

are

held

every

year.

典型例题()1、-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2、Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was()3、HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamous?AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhom()4、Annaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.AwithhimBwithwhomCwhoDwhom()5、Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.AwhichBhisCwhoseDwith()6、Thisisthereason______hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthat()7、Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()8、Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom()9、ShaolinTemple________liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what()10、—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?

—Sheismylittlesister.

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which三、课后练习()1.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what()2.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igaveyouyesterday?

A.thatB.whenC.where()3.Theman_______cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.

A.whenB.whichC.who()4.Ilikewriters_______writeshortstories.

A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who()5.Thisisthequestion_______wearetalkingaboutnow.

A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when()6.—Whatareyoulookingfor?

—Iamlookingforthebook_______Iboughtyesterday.

A.whoB.whichC.whose()7.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_______wouldliketospeakwithyou.

A.whoB.whichC.whom()8.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone_______workshard.

A.whichB./C.whomD.who()9.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongs_______havegreatlyrics.

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom()10.Eventeacherscan’tunderstandsomeexpressions_______theirstudentsuseindailylife.

A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom()11.Thebridge____abigshipcangohasbeenbuilt.A.underwhichB.underthatC.inwhichD.onwhich()12.Thebook____istornismine.A.thecoverofwhichB.thecoverofthatC.whichthecoverD.whosecoverof()13.Hetalkedabouttheclassmatesandtheschool____hehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.aboutwhich()14.Youhaveseenthegirl____sisterisaChineseteacher.A.whomB.ofwhomC.whoseD.ofwhich()15.Weshoulddoall____isusefultopeople.A./B.thatC.itD.which()16.Wecametoaplace____theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.towhich()17.Those____finisheddoingitputupyourhands.A.whohaveB.whohasC.whichhaveD.have()19.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()20.Iwenttotheschool____myfatheronceworked.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.onwhich()21.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who()22.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it()23.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,___personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which()24.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,___,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what()25.Haveyouseenthefilm"Titanic",________leadingactorisworldfamous?A.itsB.it'sC.whoseD.which典型例题1B2C3b4b5c6a7a8a9b10a课后练习1B2A3D4D5-9ABADA10C11解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。基本常识：定语从句随意性关系引导词由搭配介词+which/whom构成，先行词指人用前者，先行词指事/物用后者。定语从句引导词的判断方法为将先行词想方设法放入从句，使从句成为一个完整且有先行词成分的陈述句。此句中，先行词为thebridge;从句为abigshipcango,二者构成的完整句为Abigshipcangounderthebridge.因此，答案为A12解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词以及所属关系引导词。此句中先行词为thebook,从句应为coveristorn,二者构成的完整句为thecoverofthebookistorn.因此随意性关系引导词结构为thecoverofwhich或所属关系引导词结构whosecover.因此，答案为A13解析：考查先行词即指人又指物的定语从句相同意思引导词。定语从句相同意思引导词基本要点，无论限定性还是非限定性定语从句的主宾表引导词均为相同意思引导词。先行词指事物的情况，用引导词which.此句中，先行词为theclassmatesandtheschool，从句为hehadvisited,二者构成的完整句为Hehadvisitedtheclassmatesandtheschool.所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句中作visited的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。因此，答案为B14解析：考查定语从句所属关系引导词。此句先行词为thegirl，定语从句为sisterisaChineseteacher，二者构成的完整句为Thegirl'ssisterisaChineseteacher.先行词的's所有格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语。因此，答案只能为C.定语从句固定关系引导词相关要点：先行词在定语从句中除作从句主宾表成分以外的成分，均为相关意思引导词，其中包括固定关系引导词和随意性关系引导词。固定关系引导词只有when(时间关系)，where（地点关系），why(先行词为thereason,原因关系）whose（所属关系，包括's所有格关系和of所有格关系，由whose修饰的名词成分前不能用冠词成分，whose应为名词的前置性定语成分）；随意性关系引导词为相关搭配介词+which/whom构成的引导词结构充当。15解析：考查限定性定语从句中先行词为不定代词的相同意思引导词。此句中先行词all为不定代词，从句为isusefultopeople，从句缺主语，二者构成的完整句为Allisusefultopeople.为了便于理解，All=Allthethings/everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everythingisusefultopeople;或Allthethingsareusefultopeople.因此，答案为B16解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为aplace,从句为theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore,二者构成的完整句为Theyhadneverpaidavisittotheplacebefore.因此，答案为D。此句的可转换概念进行相同意思引导词的考查，题干为Wecametoaplace_____theyhadnevervisitedbefore.其答案可以为which/that/省略引导词。17解析：考查为指示代词在从句中作主语的指代分析以及引导词的数量。此句中，th