专题03人工智能-备战2022年中考英语阅读理解热点话题特训

03人工智能Passage1AI（人工智能）makesourliveseasierandbetter.Let’sseetheamazingAI.CooldriverlessbusAbusdooropensandyougeton.Wait!Whereisthedriver?HereisanewkindofdriverlessbuscalledApolong.Ithas14seatsanddoesn’tneedadriver.Thebusfollowstrafficrules.Itwillstopassoonasitseesstoplight.YourclosefriendHi,everyone.I’mXiaobing,achatbot（聊天机器人）.Ispeaklikea17-year-oldgirl.Ifyoufeellonely,youcantalkwithme.I’mtalentedatsinging,writingpoemsandtellingstories.Iwanttobeyourfriend!World’sfirstAlanchor（主播）Hey,look!ThefamousChineseanchorQiuHaoisreportingthenewsforus.But,is“he”reallyQiuHao?Theansweris“no”.Thisistheworld’sfirstAIanchor.Itlooksandspeaksjustlikearealperson.Itcanwork24hoursanddoesn’tmakeanymistakes.YoumightseeitonTVsoon.PopularAIartistThisbeautifulpaintingwasatanauction（拍卖）in2020.Thepaintingisworthabout3,000,000yuan!Butitisnotaworkbyafamouspainter,suchasVincentvanGogh.ItwaspaintedbyanAIartist.ThreeFrenchmencreatedtheAIartist.Itstudiedover15,000paintings.Inthisway,itlearnedtopaint.1．ThefactaboutApolongisthat________.A．thebusdoorcan’topenitself B．itwillstopassoonasitseesastoplightC．thereare24seatsinit D．itdoesn’tfollowthetrafficrules2．XiaobingcanNOT________.A．goouttoplaywithyou B．talkwithyouifyoufeellonely C．sing D．beyourfriend3．Thepainting________.A．wasatanauctionin2019 B．isworthabout3,000,000yuanatanauctionC．isaworkpaintedbyVincentvanGogh D．wasstudiedbythreeFrenchartistsover15,000times4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．AImakesourlivesharderandworse.B．Thisnewkindofdriverlessbusalsoneedsadrivertocontrolit.C．Xiaobingisa17-year-oldgirl.D．TheAIanchorcanwork24hoursanddoesn’tmakeanymistakes.5．Wecanprobablyreadthepassagein________.A．astorybook B．anotice C．anewspaper D．anovelPassage2Foraslongashumanshaveappeared,wehavebeenthemostintelligentspecies（种类）onEarth.Monkeysknowhowtousesimpletools.Elephantscanbetaughthowtocount.Butthingslikeart,literature（文学）,theInternet,andspacetravelhaveonlybeenmadepossiblebytheamazingintelligenceofhumans.Andyet,therearesomewhobelievethatwecancreatemachinesthatcanthinkandfeeljustlikewedo.Artificialintelligence（人工智能）,orAI,isdefined（定义为）byMerriam-Websteras“thecapabilityofamachinetoimitateintelligenthumanbehavior”.AIisarounduseveryday.FromApple’svoice-activatedassistantSiritothesoftwarealgorithms（算法）thatshippingcompaniesusetodealwithdeliveries（投递）,AIisverymuchapartofourlives.Butwhydoweputsomucheffortintocreatingmachinesthatcanthinkthewaywedo?Foronething,AIcanmakeourlivesmucheasier.Imaginebeingabletobeinacar,tellityourdestination,andsitbackincomfortastheAI-guidedself-drivingcartakesyouthere.We’realreadygettingthere—ChangshabecamethefirstcityinChinatorolloutself-drivingtaxisinApril2020.However,therearerisks.Whatifwesomehowproducedanartificialintelligencethatwassmarterthanus?Howwoulditbehavetowardus?ThesearethekindsofdifficultquestionsthatAIresearchersaskthemselvesallthetime.Apartfromtherisks,itisalreadyclearthatAIisheretostay.Onlytimewilltellifitwillleadusintoanewageofprosperity（繁荣）,orbeourend.6．Thefirstparagraphiswrittento________.A．explainhowanimalsareintelligent B．showwhatfieldsAIcanbeusedinC．provethepossibilityofspacetravel D．explainhowintelligencemakeshumansspecial7．WhichofthefollowingmightnottakeadvantageofAI?A．Voice-activatedassistants. B．Softwarealgorithmsfordeliveries.C．Machinesthatproducegoods. D．Self-drivingtaxis.8．WhatisoneoftherisksaboutAI?A．Wemightnotbeabletolivewithoutitinthefuture.B．Wecan’tsayforsurehowAIwillbehavetowardus.C．AIwillneverbeassmartashumans.D．ItisnoteasytoputAIintodailyuse.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph4referto?A．Anendpoint. B．Aname. C．Awish D．Afeeling.10．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsAI?A．Itwillbegood. B．Itwillbebad.C．It’sgoingtobepartofourfuture. D．It’sriskyandhorrible.Passage3TheAI(人工智能)haschangedourlives.TherearefourusefulAIinventionshere.JiugeTheAIcanremember300,000Chinesepoemsclearly.What’smore,itcanwriteapoeminaveryshorttime.InaCCTVshow,Jiugebeatthreegreatpoemfansfromafamouscollege.ForpheusTheping-pongrobotcanplayinaneasywaywithabeginnerandadifficultwaywithabetterplayer.What’smore,itnotonlyencouragesplayerswithwordslike“Goodjob!”butalsogivessomegoodadvicetoimprovetheirskills.Self-drivingAIItcandrivethecarmoresafelythanhumans.Itdoesn’tdrinkwineandneverfeelstired.Itcandowhatwehumansdo.Forexample,ifacarwiththisAIhaspassedabus,itwillflash(闪)twowhitelightssidetosidetoshowthankstothebus.FacialRecognition(人脸识别)Itisusedalotintheworld,suchasACS.ACSwon’tletastrangerinwithoutthehouseowner’spermission(允许).Payingbyfacialrecognitioniscommonnow.ThepoliceinHangzhouevencaughtacriminal(罪犯)ataconcertwithitshelp.11．WhyisJiugespecial?A．Becauseitcanplaytheviolin.B．Becauseit’sgoodatpoems.C．Becauseitcandrivecarssafely.D．BecauseitwasonCCTV.12．WhatwillForpheusdowhileplaying?A．Itwillguesswhatjobtheplayeris.B．Itwillbeangryiftheplayerisabeginner.C．Itwillsay“Whatashame!”totheplayer.D．Itwillchangeitswayofplayingaccordingtodifferentplayers.13．WhendoestheSelf-drivingAIcarflashtwowhitelightssidetoside?A．Whenthecarhastostop.B．Whenthecarwantstoslowdown.C．Whenthecarisreadytospeedup.D．Whenithaspassedothervehicles.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ACS”meaninChinese?A．电子商务 B．门禁控制 C．社会福利 D．公共卫生15．WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．NoonecanbeatForpheus.B．Jiugehaswritten300,000poems.C．FacialRecognitionhelpedthepolicecatchacriminal.D．Self-drivingAIcanmakesubwaytrainssafer.Passage4Driverlesscarsarecoming.Suchcarswillmakegettingfromoneplacetoanothersaferandlessstressful.Theyalsocouldreducepollution.Buthowshoulddriverlesscarsdealwithemergencies(紧急情况)?Peopledisagreeontheanswer.Andthatmightputthebrakes(刹车)onthistechnology,anewstudyconcludes.Tounderstandthechallenge,imagineacarthatsuddenlymeetssomewalkersintheroad.Evenwithbraking,it’stoolatetoavoidacrash.Sothecar’sartificialintelligence(人工智能)mustdecidewhethertoswerve(急转弯).Tosavethewalkers,shouldthecarswerveofftheroadorswerveintobusytraffic?Whatifsuchchoiceswouldlikelykillthecar’spassengers?Researchersusedonlinesurveystostudypeople’sattitudesaboutsuchsituationswithdriverlesscars.Peoplemostlyagreedthatdriverlesscarsshouldbedesignedtoprotectthemostpeople.Butthereisaproblem.Thosesamesurveyedpeoplealsowanttoprotectpassengersatallcosts—evenifthewalkerswouldnowendupdying.“Driverlesscarscancompletelychangetransportation”,saysIyadRahwan.But,headds,thisnewtechnologycreatesamoralproblemthatcouldslowitsacceptance.Makersofdriverlesscarsareinahardsituation,Bonnefbn’sgroupwarns.Mostbuyerswouldwanttheircarstobedesignedtoprotectthemselvesfirst.However,rulesmightonedayinstructthatcarsmustactforthegreatergood.Thatwouldmeansavingthemostpeople.Butthescientiststhinkruleslikethiscoulddriveawaybuyers.TheexpertKurtGraythinksthatevenifalldriverlesscarsaredesignedtoprotecttheirpassengersinemergencies,trafficaccidentswilldecrease.Thosecarsmightbedangeroustowalkersonrareoccasions.Buttheywon’tspeed,won’tdrivedrunkwhiledriving,whichwouldbeawinforsociety.16．Theunderlinedword“challenge”inParagraph2refersto________.A．people’snegativeattitudestowardsdriverlesscarsB．howdriverlesscarsreducetrafficaccidentsC．thetechnicalproblemsthatdriverlesscarshaveD．howdriverlesscarsdealwithemergencies17．Accordingtothetext,onlinesurveysshowthat________.A．driverlesscarsartificialintelligenceneedsimprovementB．thebusytrafficmaybeaproblemfordriverlesscarsC．peoplehaveamoralproblemaboutdriverlesscarsD．driverlesscarsshouldbedesignedtoprotectdrivers18．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A．Rulesareinsupportofdrivers.B．Mostpeopledislikedriverlesscarsnow.C．Driverlesscarmakersareinahardsituation.D．Thebenefitsofdriverlesscarsareintroduced.19．WhatisKurtGray’sattitudetowarddriverlesscars?A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Surprised. D．Scared.Passage5Thedevelopmentofartificialintelligence（AI，人工智能）isahottopicthesedays.AImakesitpossibleformachinestolearnfromexperienceandperformhuman-liketasks.ButwhatisthefutureofAI?Willitbeagoodthing?Weaskedfourstudentswhattheythink.IthinkAIwillbemoreusefulinourfuturelives.It’snowusedinmanyfieldslikephonesandmedicine.Noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomesmarterthanhumans.However,I’msureAIwillhelpussolvemanyproblems.（Tina）Iamworriedthatpeoplecreatesomethingthatcanbebetterthanthemselves.Inthenearfuture,AIwilldevelopatahighspeed.HumansmaybereplacedbecauseAIrobotswilldolotsofhumanjobs.（Bill）IreallythinkthatAIwillchangethewaywework,thewaywelive,andthewaywethink.ImagineifwecouldputaCPU（中央处理器）intoourbrains!Soonwe’llbeabletoimproveourmathandmemory.Howexciting!（Mary）Thinkofwhat’shappeningrightnow.Somerobotsareusedtokillanimalsunderhumanorders.SoIthinkAIwillbeverydangerousforhumans.Weneedtobecarefulaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.（John）20．WhobelievesAIwillbemoreusefulinourfuturelives?A．Bill. B．Mary. C．Tina. D．John.21．WhatdoesJohnthinkofAI?A．Exciting. B．Dangerous. C．Smart. D．Helpful.22．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Abusinessmagazine. B．Atravelguide.C．Ageographymagazine. D．Asciencemagazine.Passage6Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmanyfilmsaboutrobotstryingtotakeovertheworld.Studiesshowthatupto20millionfactoryjobsworldwidecouldbetakenbyrobotsinthenext10years.Somepeopleareworriedaboutwhatmighthappeninthefuture.On8thSeptember,2020,TheGuardianpublished(发表)anarticlewrittenbyarobotcalledGPT-3.Itwrotethat“robot”comesfromtheGreekwordfor“slave”(奴隶)andhumanshavenothingtofearfromrobots,whichareonlyheretohelphumans.However,thefactthatarobotcouldwritesuchanarticlehasmadesomepeoplefeelevenmoreuneasy.Whereistherobottechnologyheading?Canrobotsandhumansworktogether?YES-they’reheretohelphumansRobotsarecreatedbyhumansforhumans.Robotstakeonjobsthataretoodangerousforpeopletodobythemselves.Althoughrobotsmighttakesomepeople’sjobs,theywillcreatenewtypesofwork,andtheywillpossiblycreatemorejobsthantheytakeaway.Besides,robots’programmingcouldactuallymakethemmoretrustworthythanhumans,becausetheyarenotinfluencedbyfeelings.NO—humansshouldnottrustrobotsRobotsarealreadytakingovertheworld.Jobsthatusedtobedonebyhumanbeingsarenowbeingtakenbyrobots.Althoughrobotsareunderourcontrolnow,thatmightnotalwaysbethecase.AnexperimentinSwitzerlandfoundthatsomerobotshadlearnthowtolietoeachother.WiththedevelopmentofAI(人工智能),robotscouldstarttoactintheirowninterests.Whereverpossible,humansshoulddothingsthemselves.What’syouropiniononthismatter?23．Whatlanguagedoestheword“robot”comefrom?A．Greek B．English C．German D．French24．WhenlearningthatGPT-3couldwriteanarticle,somepeoplefeel________.A．angry B．excited C．nervous D．relaxed25．Whatadvantageofrobotsismentionedinthetext?A．Actingintheirowninterests B．DevelopingfilmingtechnologyC．Workingwithdifferentfeelings D．Doingunsafeworkforhumans26．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．GPT-3willtakeovertheworldB．SomerobotshavelearnthowtobelazyC．RobotsarestillunderthecontrolofhumansnowD．20millionpeoplefearthattheywilllosetheirjobs27．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WillRobotsBecomeCreative? B．ShouldHumansTrustRobots?C．WillRobotsDoHarmtoHumans? D．ShouldHumansDoThingsThemselves?Passage7Now,AI（人工智能）issmartenoughtocheckloneliness（孤独）inhumans.AnewstudyshowshowAIcanknowthedegreesoflonelinessfromaperson’swords.80peopleaged66to94tookpartinthestudybecausetheyoftenfeltlonely.Theywereasked20questions,suchas“Howoftendoyoufeellonely?”and“Howoftendoyougettogetherwithyourfriends?”Theinterestingthingisthatitusesdictionary-basedmethods.Forexample,itcanlookforwordstoshowfears.Italsogivesanswersbytestingtheirwords.Ifpeoplefeltlonelier,theiranswersaboutlonelinesswerelonger.Itcanknowthedegreesoflonelinessineachtopic.Italsoshowsdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.Ifamanfeltlonely,heusedmorewordstoshowhisfears.Ifawomanfeltlonely,sheexpressedherlonelyfeelingsdirectly.28．Whydid80oldpeopletakepartinthestudy?A．Theyhadnomoney. B．Theyoftenfeltlonely. C．Theyhadmoretime.29．Ifpeoplefeltlonelier,theiranswersaboutlonelinesswere______.A．longer B．shorter C．nicer30．Whichcolumn（栏目）ofthenewspaperdoesthepassagecomefrom?A．Travel. B．Science. C．Sports.31．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．HelpOthers B．ChangetheWorld C．CheckLonelinessbyAIPassage8Artificialintelligence（AI）（人工智能）istheabilityofacomputerprogramoramachine.ThecomputerorthemachinewithAIcanthinkandlearn.Itisalsoafieldofstudythattriestomakecomputers“smart”.JohnMcCarthy,ascientist,cameupwiththename“artificialintelligence”over60yearsago.Manythingssuchaslearningandproblemsolvingcanbedonebycomputers,thoughnotinthesamewayaspeopledo.AnunusualgoalofAIresearchistocreatecomputerprograms.Theycanlearn,solveproblems,andthinklogically（逻辑地）.Atpresent,weusethetermAIforsuccessfullyunderstandinghumanspeech,recognizing（识别）humanfaces,operatingself-drivingcarsandcompetinginsomegamesystemslikeplayingchess.However,somepeoplealsoconsiderAIadangertohumansifitdevelopstooquickly.ProfessorStephenHawking（霍金）,afamousBritishscientistwasnotforthiskindoftechnology.MathisthebasiclanguageofAI.Ifstudentsaregoodatmath,theywillbemorelikelytobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners（设计者）inthefuture.Weneednotonlybrightstudents,butalsoaverage（普通的）students.Asfor（对于）averagestudents,iftheygetenoughmathskills,theycanalsobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners.Besides,agoodknowledgeofcomputerscienceisalsonecessaryforAIdesigning.Scientistshopetocreatecreativeandemotional（有感情的）AI.TheAIcanpossiblyunderstandhumanfeelingsorcreateart.Manywaysandtoolshavebeentriedtodiscoverthiswideandexcitingfield.32．FromParagraph1,weknowthat_____.A．allproblemscanbesolvedbycomputersB．machineswithAIcanthinkandlearnC．AIhasbeenaroundforonly60yearsD．AIworksinthesamewayaspeople33．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto（指）_____inthepassage.A．thedanger B．chess C．ascientist D．AI34．Accordingtothepassageandthefollowingschoolreport,_____willmostprobablybecomeasuccessfulAIdesigner.SchoolReportSubject/NameMath(100)Art(100)Computer(100)Mike609595Peter956590Amy659095Cathy959560A．Mike B．Peter C．Amy D．Cathy35．Paragraph4mainlytellsusthescientists’_____aboutAI.A．wishes B．worries C．feelings D．discoveries【答案】1．B2．A3．B4．D5．C【详解】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍无人驾驶巴士、聊天机器人、第一个人工智能主播和人工智能艺术家，说明了人工智能使我们的生活更轻松、更好。1.细节理解题。根据Cooldriverlessbus部分的最后一句“Itwillstopsassoonasitseesstoplight.”可知它一看到红灯就会停止。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据Yourclosefriend部分的内容可知，B、C、D三项都有提及，唯独没有提到A项。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据PopularAIartist部分的前两句“Thisbeautifulpaintingwasatanauctionin2020.Thepaintingisworthabout3,000,000yuan!”可知这幅画价值约300万元。故选B。4.细节理解题。根据World’s’firstAIanchor部分“Itcanwork24hoursanddoesn’tmakeanymistakes.”可知它能工作24小时并且不犯错。故选D。5.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了四种人工智能技术的应用，推测可能在报纸上看到。故选C。6．D7．C8．B9．A10．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了AI科学技术带来的生活便利以及其潜在的风险。6．段落大意题。根据“Butthingslikeart,literature（文学）,theInternet,andspacetravelhaveonlybeenmadepossiblebytheamazingintelligenceofhumans”可知，像艺术、文学、互联网和太空旅行这样的事情，只有靠人类惊人的智慧才能成为可能，因此第一段主要讲了智力如何使人类变得特别。故选D。7．细节理解题。根据“FromApple’svoice-activatedassistantSiritothesoftwarealgorithms（算法）”和“astheAI-guidedself-drivingcartakesyouthere”可知，自动驾驶、苹果的声控助手以及软件算法都利用了AI技术。故选C。8．细节理解题。根据“Whatifwesomehowproducedanartificialintelligencethatwassmarterthanus?Howwoulditbehavetowardus?”如果我们制造了一个比我们更聪明的人工智能呢？它会如何对待我们？可知，人工智能的风险之一是我们不能确定人工智能将如何对待我们。故选B。9．词义猜测题。根据“sitbackincomfortastheAI-guidedself-drivingcartakesyouthere.”可知，你只要舒适地坐着，由人工智能引导的自动驾驶汽车会带你去那里，因此destination代指“你要去的地方或者终点”。故选A。10．观点态度题。根据“Apartfromtherisks,itisalreadyclearthatAIisheretostay.Onlytimewilltellifitwillleadusintoanewageofprosperity（繁荣）,orbeourend.”可知，除了风险之外，人工智能显然将继续存在下去。只有时间才能告诉我们，它会引领我们进入一个繁荣的新时代，还是我们的末日。这些说明了AI技术将会是我们未来生活的一部分。故选C。11．B12．D13．D14．B15．C【分析】文章主要介绍了四个有用的人工智能发明。11．细节理解题。根据“TheAIcanremember300,000Chinesepoemsclearly.What’smore,itcanwriteapoeminaveryshorttime.”可知，因为它擅长诗歌的记忆和写作。故选B。12．细节理解题。根据“Theping-pongrobotcanplayinaneasywaywithabeginnerandadifficultwaywithabetterplayer.”可知，它会根据不同的玩家而改变游戏方式。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据“Forexample,ifacarwiththisAIhaspassedabus,itwillflashtwowhitelightssidetosidetoshowthankstothebus.”可知，当它超过其他车辆时会闪烁两个白灯，以示感谢，故选D。14．词义猜测题。根据“ACSwon’tletastrangerinwithoutthehouseowner’spermission.”可知，没有房主的许可，ACS不会让陌生人进来，说明这是管理人员出入的系统，所以ACS指的是“门禁控制”，故选B。15．推理判断题。根据“ThepoliceinHangzhouevencaughtacriminalataconcertwithitshelp.”可知，面部识别技术帮助警方抓获了罪犯。故选C。16．D17．C18．C19．A【分析】本文介绍了无人驾驶汽车的优点和应对紧急情况面临的问题。无人驾驶汽车更安全，压力更小，还可以减少污染。无人驾驶汽车面对紧急情况面临的道德两难的问题，以及无人驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难。专家认为所有无人驾驶汽车的设计都是为了在紧急情况下保护乘客，交通事故也会减少。这些汽车在极少数情况下可能对步行者造成危险。但他们不会超速，不会酒后驾车，这将是社会的胜利。16．细节理解题。根据上文（第一段四句）“Buthowshoulddriverlesscarsdealwithemergencies?”和句中“imagineacarthatsuddenlymeetssomewalkersintheroad.”可知，第2段中下划线“challenge”一词指无人驾驶汽车如何应对紧急情况；故选D。17．细节理解题。根据第三段“…Thosesamesurveyedpeoplealsowanttoprotectpassengersatallcosts—evenifthewalkerswouldnowendupdying.”可知，网上调查表明，人们关注在紧急情况时，对于无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人安全还是先保护乘客安全陷入了道德困境。故选C。18．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Makersofdriverlesscarsareinahardsituation”可知，无人驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难。故选C。19．观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Buttheywon’tspeed,won’tdrivedrunkwhiledriving,whichwouldbeawinforsociety.”可知，KurtGray对无人驾驶汽车是支持的。故选A。20．C21．B22．D【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了人工智能的发展，及其人工智能的未来是什么样的和四个学生的一些想法