专题42 9BU2-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

9BU2-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语过单词短语1．Whodoyouthinkisthegreatestpersoninhistory,Eddie?Eddie,你认为谁是历史上最伟大的人。①doyouthink意为“你认为”，在句中是插入部分，放在特殊疑问词后。②混合疑问句的句式：特殊疑问词＋doyouthink（或其他表示心里活动的词）＋陈述语序。【拓展】可以用于这一结构的动词还有believe，imagine，suppose等。“陈述语序”非常重要。例：Whatdoyouthinkmakeshersad?你认为什么使他难过？Whatfooddoyouthinkishealthy?你认为什么食物是健康？WhatdoyouthinkIcando?你认为我能做什么？Howmuchdoyouthinkthiscarcost?你认为这车值多少钱?2．I’veneverheardofhim.我从没听说过他。hearof意为“听说”，强调从别人那里间接得知，也可用作hearabout。例：Idon’tknowthewriter,butIhaveheardofhim.我从不认识这位作家，但听说过他。Ihaveneverheardofhim.Whoishe?我从未听说过他，他是谁。【搭配】hearfromsb.收到某人的来信hearsb.dosth.表示“听到某人做了某事”（强调听见了整个过程）hearsb.doingsth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”（强调的是正在听，表进行）大多数的感官动作(如see、watch、notice等)都可以用于这两种结构。3．Heisaninventor.Heinventedmyfavouritefood.他是一位发明家。他发明了我最喜爱的食物。①inventorn.发明家inventv.发明inventionn.发明物②【辨析】invent,discover,find,findout辨析invent发明表示发明了以前没有或不存在的事物。E.g.Edisoninventedthelightbulb.爱迪生发明了灯泡。discover发现指发现已经存在但不为人所知道的事物,有时也指认识到某种情况。例：ColumbusissaidtohavediscoveredAmericain1492.据说哥伦布于1遮92年发现了美洲。find发现指通过寻找发现某人、某物。例：Theyfoundthelostboyinthecave.他们在山洞里发现了那个走丢的男孩。findout发现，查明指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚、弄明白。例：Canyoufindoutwhetherthereareanyseatsleft?你能查到是否还有座位剩下吗？4．Hebecameinterestedinflyingwhenhetookhisfirstflightattheageofsix.在六岁时，他第一次坐飞机就对飞行产生了兴趣。①become/beinterestedin=take/get/showaninterestin意思是“对……感兴趣”。例：Beforehewasten,hebecame/wasveryinterestedinscience.在他10岁之前，就对科学产生了兴趣。Theflightwilltakefourhours.这次航行要飞4个小时。②attheageof在…岁时,相当于when引导的时间状语从句。例：TheybegantolearnEnglishattheageof8.=TheybegantolearnEnglishwhentheywere8.他们8岁时开始学英语。5．Armstrongjoinedthenavyin1949andservedasapilotforthreeyears阿姆斯特朗在1949年加入了海军，并当了3年的飞行员。①join是短暂性动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用。如跟时间段状语可改成bein/beamemberof…例：Hejoinedthearmytwoyearsago.=Hehasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.=Hehasbeenamemberofthearmyfortwoyears.【辨析】join,joinin,attend与takepartin的区别:①join有两个用法：1)指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。例：Whendidyourbrotherjointhearmy?你哥哥什么时候参军的？ShejoinedtheYoungPioneers.她加入了少先队。2)和某人一道做某事，其结构为：joinsb.in(doing)sth.，根据上下文，in(doing)sth.也可以省去。例：Willyoujoinusinthediscussion?你参加我们的讨论吗？He'lljoinusinsingingthesong.他将和我们一道唱歌。②joinin意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或v-ing。我们可以用joinsb.insth/doingsth.例：Ihopeyou’llalljoininthediscussion.我希望你们大家都参加讨论.Wouldyouliketojoinmeinawalk?你愿意和我一起去散步吗?③attend表示“出席，到场”。指出席会议、课程等。例：Hesaidthathewouldattendameetingtomorrow.他说他明天将出席一个会议。④takepartin指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用，有时与joinin可互换。例：WillyoutakepartintheEnglishevening?同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？Allthestudentstookanactivepartinschoolactivities.所有的学生都积极参加学校的活动。②servev.提供；（为）服务；任（职）；端上serveas...服役/充当...之用例：Heservedasasailorfor10years.他做了10年的水手。ServeitwithFrenchbread.把它和法式面包一起端上去。serve的名词是service，意思是“服役；服务；服侍；服务业；维修服务”。例：You'vegivenalifetimeofservicetoathletics.你为田径运动贡献了一生。Thecarneedsaservice.这辆车该检修了。6．HeandDavidScottmanagedtojointwospacecrafttogetherforthefirsttimeinspace.他和大卫.R.斯科特第一次成功地将两艘宇宙飞船在太空中对接起来。①managetodosth.设法做成某事managetodo=dosth.successfully例：Lilymanagedtogetthedrivinglicence.莉莉成功的拿到了驾照。②dosth.forthefirsttime第一次做某事例：HecomestoBeijingforthefirsttime,soI’llshowhimaround.他第一次来北京，所以我带他四处看看。7．However,ontheirwaybacktotheEarth,thespacecraftbeganspinningoutofcontrol.然而，在他们回地球的路上，航天器开始旋转失去控制。①spinvi.旋转过去式:spun；过去分词：spun；现在分词：spinning例：Theyspunandwovetheclothingforthefamily.她们为家人纺织衣服。②outofcontrol失去控制，无法管理controlvt.&n.过去式：controlled；过去分词：controlled；现在分词：controlling。例：Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintoatree.汽车失去控制，撞上了一棵树。Childrenpreferplayingwiththeirfriendstobeingcontrolledbytheirparents.【搭配】beyondcontrol难以控制undercontrol被控制的8．Armstrongreceivedtheordertocuttheflightshort.阿姆斯特朗被命令缩短航程。①receivetheordertodosth.接到做某事的命令【拓展】order作动词“命令”，ordersb.(not)todo例：Heorderedmenottousehispen.order还可作名词，表“命令，顺序”之意。outoforder/inorder秩序混乱/井然例：Pleasekeepeverythinginorder.请保持一切井然有序。inorderto为了…例：Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.他早起为了赶早班车。②cut...short把...缩短cut的过去式和过去分词都是cut-cut。例：Hecutshorthisholidaytodealwiththeproblem.他缩短假期来解决这个问题。Wehavetocutourtripshort,aswehavetogetbackbeforedark.我们不得不缩短行程,因为我们要在天黑前赶回去。【搭配】cutdown砍伐；削减cutin插嘴；插队cutoff切断；隔断cutout剪去；关掉9．TogetherwithBuzzAldrin,helandedthespacecraftApolloontheMoon.他和巴兹.奥尔德林一起把阿波罗11号飞船降落了月球上。①togetherwith意为”与…一起,连同”位置比较灵活,可以放在句首，句中，句尾或主语后，但谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致。例：Marytogetherwithhermotheroftengoestothemovie.Mary和她的妈妈经常去看电影。Tom,togetherwithhisparents,isheretoday.Tom和他的父母今天在这儿。【拓展】与togetherwith类似用法的词还有alongwith/aswellas/with/besides/like/without/including。10．Hewastheprideofthewholeworld.他是整个世界的骄傲。pride名词,意为”骄傲,可引以为豪的人/物。【搭配】betheprideof…..意以…的骄傲takepridein以…为自豪.=beproudofproud是pride的形容词例：Youaretheprideofusnow,andwewillbeproudofyouinthefuture.现在你是我们的骄傲,将来我们会为你感到自豪。11．Iamworkingonahistoryprojectthisweek.本周我一直忙于一个课题。workon…从事于…;继续工作;努力影响(说服);致力于例：Wehavetoworkonputtingthebooktogether.我们得努力编成这本书。【搭配】work的常用短语：atwork在工作；上班workwith与…共事；对……有效worktogether合作；共事；共同工作workfor效劳；为…工作；为…效力hardwork努力工作；繁重的工作workhard努力学习；辛勤工作workout解决；算出；实现；制定出workas担任；以…身份而工作12．MycousinLindawaschattingwithmeonthephone.我的表妹琳达正和我在电话里交谈。IwaswatchingTVat9yesterdayevening.我昨天晚上9点正在看电视。Hewasreadingnewspaperwhilehissonwasplaycomputergames.他正在看报纸,然而他的儿子正在玩电脑游戏。TheywereflyingkitesthewholeafternoonlastSunday.他们上周日整个下午都在放风筝。onthephone在打电话，在接电话例：You'rewantedonthephone.有电话找你。Weweretalkingonthephonewhen,suddenly,thelinewentdead.我们正通着电话，突然电话断了。13．ShemarriedaFrenchscientistcalledPierreCuriein1895.在1895年，她嫁给了一个叫皮埃尔居里的人。marrysb.:娶某人；嫁给某人be/getmarriedtosb.与某人结婚例：Shemarriedacollegeteacher.她嫁给了一个大学老师。14．Iadmirehimthemost.我最钦佩他。admiresb.forsth.因某事钦佩某人例：I’vebeenadmiredherforbeingsuchawonderfulmother.我一直很钦佩她作为一个如此了不起的母亲。15．Itwasbraveofhimtogotoaplacethatwasunknowntohumansatthattime.他很勇敢，在那个时候敢于到人类还不知晓的地方去。此句中thatwasunknowntohumansatthattime是定语从句，用来修饰先行词aplace,that是引导词，又称关系代词。在这里that也可以用which替换。例：Theletter(that/which)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.我昨天收到的那封信是我爸爸写来的。16．In1964,hehappenedtofindanaturalhybridriceplantthathadmanyadvantagesoverothers.在1964年，他碰巧发现一种比其他更有优势的天然杂交水稻。①happentodosth.碰巧，恰好做某事例：Shehappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.他打电话时,她恰巧不在家。②haveanadvantageover/haveadvantagesover比...有优势例：Doislandnationshaveadvantagesoverothercountries?岛国有超过其他国家的优点吗？17．Becauseofhisachievements,riceproductionhasbeenincreasedby20%-30%.因为他的成就，水稻产量增加了20%-30%。increaseby指增长了几倍或百分之几，后面加百分数或倍数。例：…increaseby10%...增加了百分之十。【拓展】increaseto指增长到了……，后接具体增长后的数字例：…increaseto100.…增加到100。18．YuanLongpingisoneofthegreatestpeoplethathaveeverlived.袁隆平是有史以来最伟大的人之一。此句中thathaveeverlived是定语从句，用来修饰先行词people，that是关系代词。在此句中that不能用who替换。因为先行词有最高级限定。同样的，先行词前有序数词时，也只能用关系代词that。例：Hewasthefirstmanthatwenttotheshop./HeisthebestmanthatIhaveeverseen.过语法过语法1．动词的6种时态时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和状态。时态谓语动词形式例句一般现在时be动词、行为动词原形或第三人称单数形式1.Ilikesports.2.Helikessports.3.Sheisagoodteacher.一般过去时be动词、行为动词过去式Wehadagreattimeyesterday.一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+动词原形1.Theywillgotothecinemanextweek.2.Heisgoingtohaveapicnicwithhisfamilytomorrow.现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词形式1.MyparentsarewatchingTVnow.2.Iamlookingformypurse.现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词LilyhaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词形式Weweretalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.2．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别及常考点一、现在完成时的用法：(1)过去的动作对现在的影响。例：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(2)过去的动作持续到现在。例：IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.二、现在完成时基本结构：have/has+done标志词:already,just,yet,ever,never,recently,inthepast3years,before,sofar/bynow,overtheyears,since+时间点/过去时态的句子,for+时间段等。三、现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：动作都在过去。不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。)例：①Ihaveinterviewedthefamouswriter.(我已经完成采访任务，我对他已经有所了解了。)②Iinterviewedthefamouswriteryesterday.(昨天我做的一件事，不涉及现在。)四、since和for的用法区别和联系用于描述一个发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，或者可能还要延续到将来的动作。常和for和since连用。(1)since的用法A.since后可加时间点。例：WehavelearnedEnglishsincenearlythreeyearsago.B.since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(2)for的用法：for后加一段时间。例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactoryfortenmonths.(3)since和for用法的相互转换：for+一段时间=since+一段时间+ago例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactorysincetenmonthsago./WehavelearnedEnglishfornearlythreeyears.【拓展】此外还有“Itis+段时间+since”的句型。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.=ItisnineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(4)对since和for的提问用howlong。例：--HowlonghaveyoubeeninNanjing?--Forthreeyears./Sincethreeyearsago.五、have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的区别have/hasbeento：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。例：TheoldmanhasbeentoEgyptwhenhewasyoung.have/hasgoneto：去了某地，强调还没有回来。例：--Whereisyouruncle?--Hehasgonetothesupermarket.have/hasbeenin：待在某地，住在某地。例：Mr.Smithhasbeeninthelabforovertenhours.六、延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法(1)现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。例：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。误：Ihavealreadyborrowedthebookforovertwoweeks.正：Ihavealreadykeptthebookforovertwoweeks.(2)非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinish/endbeoverdiebedeadjoinbein/beamemberofleavebeawayfromarrive/reachbeheregetmarriedbemarried【典例讲解】例1：Everysummer,manyforeigners_____toHainanforvacations.A.comesB.cameC.comeD.coming例2：--Isyourmotheranurse?--Yes,sheis.She____inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.worksC.workedD.working例3：--Where’syourmother,Lucy?--She_____TVintheroom.A.watchesB.watchedC.iswatchingD.watching例4：Doyouknowifhe______backnextweek?Ifhe________back,pleaseletmeknow.A.comes;willcomeB.willcome;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;comes例5：TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25___________ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe【答案】CBCCA重难点训练重难点训练一、单词拼写1.Thetelephoneisawonderful____________(发明物)andithaschangedthewaywelive.2.Hefellinlovewitha____________(俄罗斯人)whenhetravelledinMoscow.3.Thewomantakesgreat____________(骄傲)inherchildren’ssuccess.4.SometimesourChineseteacherreadsherfavourite____________(章节)tous.5.Mydreamistobecomea___________(飞行员)whenIgrowup.6.The______________(discover)ofAmericaformsthebeginningofanewperiod.7.Becauseofthenaturaldisaster,threehundredpeopleinthistowndiedof____________(hungry).8.JennyhasgonetoAustriafor____________(far)studiesinmusic.9.Readingalotofbooks______________(increase)yourvocabulary.10.Hybirdriceis______________(wide)plantedallovertheworld.【答案】1-5invention、Russian、pride、chapters、pilot6-10discovery、hungry、further、increases、widely36.Themansittingatthedoorisoneofthebravest(飞行员）inourcountry.37.Shealwaysgetseverythingreadybefore(测试）anewtypeofplane.38.Iknowtheyhavesuccessfullylandedonthe (表面）ofthemoon.39.Whathehasdonebringsusmany（优势)40.Itisknowntousallthatthe(太平洋）isthelatestamongthefouroceans.41.It’s(未知的）tousallwhetherthestoryofhisistrueornot42.Myfather(服役)asasoldiermanyyearsago.43.Columbuswasagreat(探险者）andhediscoveredAmerica44.The(章节)whichIre^dmycousinyesterdayarethemostinterestingpart.45.Look,thosesoldiersarehavingaflyingshowintheir (战斗机）inthesky.46.Labsareshortfor (实验室）?47.Usuallythe(Africa)athletesarebetteratrunningthanthoseinAsia.48.Doyouknowthenamesofthefamousfemale (invent)?49.IChinkwearethe (proud)ofourteachers.50.Weareveryamazedatthe(develop)ofsuchasmallcountry. 51.The (discover)Americabroughtmanythingshere.52.The (Europe)havebeeninourschoolformorethanaweek.53.Thiskindofchairiscomfortableand (wide)usedbymanyyoungpeople.【答案】pilots;testing;surface;advantages;Pacific;unknown;severed;explorer;passages;fighters;laboratories;African;inventors;pride;development;discovery;Europeans;widely二、单项选择()1.—Shestudiedmathsandphysicsin________university.—Yes.Shewassuch________unusualwomanscientist.A.a;aB.a;anC.an;anD.an;a()2.—Whatdoyouthink________Armstrongsofamous?—Hisexcellentservice.A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.make()3.Shegotuptogetsomesleepingpillsbutfoundtherewas________leftathome.A.nothingB.noneC.somethingD.nobody()4.Wasitin1969________theAmericanspacemensucceeded________landingonthemoon?A.when;inB.when;/C.that;inD.that;with()5.China,________oneofthegreatfourcountrieswithancientcivilizations,isbest－known________itsgreatdevelopmentinallthefieldsovertheyears.A.as;asB.as;forC.for;asD.for;for()6.—Whatwouldsomestudentsliketodoafterfinishingtheireducation?—Theywouldliketostarttowork________theyneedn'tdependontheirparentscompletely.A.assoonasB.sothatC.beforeD.while()7.________wonderfulnewsprogramwearewatching!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa()8.Thebornartistdevotedallthetimehehad________forsomethingbetterordifferent.A.searchB.searchedC.tosearchD.tosearching()9.MarieCurie________theuseofX-raymachines,whicharenowwidelyusedinhospitals.A.putawayB.putoutC.pushedinD.pushedfor()10.It'sbrave________youtogotoaplacethat________unknowntohumans.A.of;/B.of;wasC.for;/D.for;were()11.—Hehardlycaughtthetrainyesterdayafternoon,________he?—________，becausehegotuplateandtherewastoomuchtrafficontheroad.A.did;Yes,hedidB.didn't;Yes,hedidC.did;No,hedidn'tD.didn't;No,hedidn't()12.Eachtimeamedal________awinner,themusicwasplayed.A.ispresentedtoB.presentedtoC.waspresentedtoD.waspresentedwith()13.Youneverknowhowmuchdifficultywehad________theproblem.Luckily,wemanagedtosolveitwithMrsWu'shelp.A.workingoutB.workoutC.workedoutD.toworkout()14.—ThankyouforhelpingmelookaftermycatwhileIwasaway.—________！A.WithpleasureB.It'smypleasureC.Itdoesn'tmatterD.Noproblem()15.—Doyouknow________thisafternoon?—I'mnotsure,butI'lltellyouassoonasshe________.A.whattimewillBettyarrive;arrivesB.whattimeBettywillarrive;willarriveC.whattimeBettywillarrive;arrivesD.whattimewillBettyarrive;willarrive【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.C5.B6.B7.C8.D9.D10.B11.C12.C13.A14.B15.C三、完形填空Myfatherwasaself－taughtmandolin(曼陀林琴)player.Hewasoneofthebestplayersinourtown.Hecouldnot__16__music,butifheheardatune(曲子)afewtimes,hecouldplayit.Whenhewasyoung,hewasa__17__ofasmallcountrymusicband.Theyplayedatlocaldancesandtheradiostation.AthomeDadoftengotouthismandolinandplayedforthefamily.Wethreechildrensangalong.__18__playedthemandolinlikemyfather.Hecould__19__yourheartwiththemusicthatcameoutofthatoldmandolin.Heseemedtoshinewhenhewasplaying.Youcouldseehis__20__inhisabilitytoplaysowellforhisfamily.ButDadhadtofindanother__21__inafactorylaterbecausethemoneyhemadeatthebandwasn'tenoughto__22__thefamily.Unluckilyhehadan__23__onedayandlostonefinger.Hecouldn'tplayas__24__asbefore.Fromthenon,everytimeweaskedhimtoplay,hewouldmakeupreasonsto__25__downourrequest.However,wemissedhisperformancesomuch.__26__，heagreedandsaid,“Okay,butremember,Ican'tholddownonthestrings(琴弦)thewayI__27__to.”Whenheplayedtheoldmandolin,itcarriedusbacktoa__28__，happytimeinourlives.Dadwasthatkindofman.__29__waswhathewasdoingallhislife.Ifhecouldgive__30__toothers,hewould,especiallyhisfamily.Hewasalwaysthere,sacrificing(牺牲)histimetoseethathisfamilyhadenoughintheirlife.()16.A.expressB.raiseC.readD.lead()17.A.dancerB.memberC.driverD.friend()18.A.NobodyB.SomebodyC.AnybodyD.Everybody()19.A.shutB.touchC.coverD.hurt()20.A.doubtB.truthC.prideD.worry()21.A.jobB.walletC.gameD.hobby()22.A.startB.workC.valueD.support()23.A.actionB.accidentC.argumentD.exam()24.A.deepB.fastC.wellD.loud()25.A.turnB.breakC.closeD.lay()26.A.NearlyB.ExactlyC.CertainlyD.Finally()27.A.regrettedB.usedC.keptD.pointed()28.A.carefulB.forgetfulC.cheerfulD.helpful()29.A.GivingB.ReceivingC.ChangingD.Taking()30.A.productionB.pleasureC.purposeD.patience【答案】CBABCADBCADBCAB四、阅读理解LuXunisoneofthegreatestChinesewritersofthe20thcentury．Besideshisfamousstories,healsowrotemanyinfluentialarticlesaboutthelivingconditionsofChinesepeople．Bornin1881toawealthyfamily,LuXunhadahappychildhood．In1893,however,hisgrandfather,aseniorgovernmentofficial,wasputintoprisonfortakingmoney．Atthesametime,hisfatherbecameseriouslyill．Fromthattimeon,hisfamilywerenolongeracceptedbytheirrelativesandfriends．Theseearlyexperiencesgreatlyinfluencedhiswriting．BythetimeLuXunarrivedinNanjingtostudyatuniversityin1899,healreadybelievedthatChinesesocietyhadtochangeandbecomemodern．In1902hewenttostudyinJapan．There,hebeganwritingarticlesforseveralChinesestudentmagazines．Heshowedagiftforwritingandtranslatingandheevenwroteseveralbooks,althoughnonewa