专题29 8BU5-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

8BU5-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语过单词短语1：Second,don’tcutinonothers.(P64)第二，不要打断其他人。cutin(onsb./sth.)打断（谈话），插嘴。如：Shealwayscutsinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.【知识拓展】cutdown砍倒；减少,削减cutoff切断，割断，剪断cutout切去,切除；剪下例如：Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillruintheland.Shecutoffasmallpieceofbreadandgaveittome.2：Alwayswaitpolitely.(P64)总是礼貌地等候。politeadj.有礼貌的impoliteadj.没有礼貌的politelyadv.没有礼貌地bepolitetosb.对…有礼貌berudetosb.对…粗鲁如：Weshouldbepolitetooldpeople.3：leavethetaprunning(P65)水龙头一直在流leavevt.(1)使…处于某种状态，“leavesth.+宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。①现在分词作宾语补足语，如：Whathesaidleftmethinkingdeeply.②形容词作宾语补足语，如：Hisillnesslefthimweak.(2)离开;脱离leave…for…离开…前往…如：I’llleaveNanjingforBeijingtomorrow.(3)遗忘;丢下leavesth.+地点如：Ileftthebookathome.注意：forgetsth.表示忘记某物，不强调地点，如：Sorry,IforgotmyEnglishbook.Ileftitathome.4：queueforyourturn(P65)排队等待queuev.意为“排队等候”如：Weshouldqueueupattheticketoffice.jumpthequeue意为“插队”。如：Whydidyoujumpthequeuejustnow?(2)turnn.

顺序,

轮流

It's

one's

turn

to

do

sth.

轮到某人做某事,如：It's

your

turn

to

make

a

decision.

take

one's

turn

to

do

sth.

轮流做某事如：The

nurses

took

turns

to

attend

the

patient.

5：I’mafraidnot.(P65)我恐怕不是。I’mafraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如：I’mafraidIcan’tstay.I’mafraid之后可接so或not，表示前面所提到的情况：表肯定时用so；表否定时用not。如：Willhecometoday?I’mafraidso(not).此用法还有Ithinkso./Idon’tthinkso.Ihopeso./Ihopenot.8：What’stheproperwaytogreetpeoplethere,Jenny?(P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？(1)动词不定式togreetpeoplethere作后置定语，修饰theproperway。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.(2)thewaytodosth./ofdoingsth.做某事的方式或方法，如：【拓展】ontheway在路上bytheway顺便说，顺便问intheway=insb'sway挡路，碍事(3)greetsb欢迎某人greetsb.withsth.用…问候某人greetings名词，问候（4）improper不恰当的properly恰当地improperly不恰当地9：Britishpeoplesay“hello”or“nicetomeetyou”andshakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthefirsttime.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。(1)shake过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking常用短语：shakeone’shands握某人的手；shakehandswithsb.与某人握手waveone’shands挥某人的手；wavetosb.向某人挥手(2)handvt.

常用短语：handin上交，交上去(给老师或上级)

handout散发，分发10：Britishpeopleonlygreetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.(P66)英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。close①vt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：Sheclosedthedoorsoftly.②adj.近的,接近的(+to)。如：Hishouseisclosetothefactory.(关系)密切的,亲密的。如：Sheisaclosefriendoftheirs.③adv.接近,靠近地(+to)。如：Theyliveclosetothemuseum.紧密地,紧紧地。如：Annafollowedclosebehind.④closelyadv.密切地（抽象概念）workclosely【拓展】closedadj.关闭的，反义词为open。如：Helikessleepingwiththewindowclosed.11：Butpleaseavoidsubjectslikeage,weight,music,booksorsomethingelse.(P66)但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。avoidvt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如：Weshoulddoeverythingcarefullytoavoidmakingmistakes.12：Dopeopletherebehavepolitelyinpublic?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？(1)behavevt/vi.表现名词形式behavior表现；行为，举止(2)publicn.民众，群体；adj.公共的，公开的。如：Thepubliclikewatchingfilmslikethis.Pleasepaymoreattentiontothepublicsignswhenwalkinginthestreet.inpublic公开地，在别人面前。如：Don’tspeakloudlyinpublic.13：Theythinkit’srudetopushinbeforeothers.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。(1)rudeadj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness;反义词polite常用短语：berudeto对…粗鲁，如：Weshouldn’tberudetoanyone.(2)pushv.推，反义词为pull，v.拉常用短语：pushin插队，加塞；插嘴14：Also,iftheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet,they’llsay“sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。bumpinto撞上，碰上【拓展】runinto撞上，碰上breakinto破门而入，非法进入turn…into把…变成…15：They’llsay“excuseme”andbepoliteenoughtowaittillyoumove.(P67)他们将会说“打扰”并很礼貌地等你直到你移动为止。在肯定句中，till一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until，构成not…until…的结构，意为“直到…才…”如：Shewillwaitheretill/until10.Tomdidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：Thebuswillnotgotill/untilallthepeoplegetonit.16：Britishpeopleareverypoliteathomeaswell,aren’tthey?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?放句中用aswellas，放句末用aswell；aswellas用在主语后，要用就远原则，如：Heaswellashisparentsisgoingtothemarket.主语看作三单17：Shedidnotjointhediscussion.(P71)她没有加入讨论。discussionn.讨论动词形式discuss常用短语：underdiscussiondosth.byaccident偶然，碰巧expressoneselfclearly20.举行一个关于……的演讲holdatalkon注意：介词on21.它将会在星期天下午两点钟举行。Itwilltakeplaceat2onSundayafternoon.我们将举行一个关于好的餐桌礼仪的演讲。Wearegoingtoholdatalkongoodtablemanners.注意：hold和takeplace的区别hold是举办人做主语，宾语是举办的活动比赛等；takeplace是活动比赛做主语，后面没有宾语。1：Helpexplainthingsandgiveususefulinformation.(P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。explainvt./vi.及物动词的用法为explaintosb.sth.或explainsth.tosb.即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词to。如：Heexplainedtomethedifficultmathsproblem.=Heexplainedthedifficultmathsproblemtome.2：keepusfromdanger(P72)使我们远离危险keepsb./sthawayfromsth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事如：Hekeepshisdogawayfromhisbedroom.Tomkepthislittlebrotherfrombotheringhim.3：warnusagainstsomething(P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情warnvt.警告，提醒用法如下：①warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如：Hewarnedusnottostayuplate.②warnsb.of/aboutsth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如：Hewarnedthedangerofthecaraccident.warningn.警告，提醒。如：Togiveawarning,hewavedhishandsquickly.

4：Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethatsignjustnow.(P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。notice常用于noticesb.dosth.;noticesb.doingsth.结构中。如：DidyounoticeJackcomein?Didyounoticehishandshaking?noticen.意为"布告,公告,启事",是可数名词。如：Thereisanoticeontheofficegatesaying"NoParking".作名词常用的词组有：①takenoticeofsb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。如:Takenoticeofwhattheysay.②takenonoticeofsb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。如:Takenonoticeofhisangrywords-heisnotwell.

5：Everybodywillbeluckyorsuccessfulsometimeintheirlife.(P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地successn.成功。succeedvi.成功；如：Hissuccessmakesmewanttobesuccessfulinthenearfuture.常用短语：dosth.successfully=succeedinsth./doingsth.6：Risklosingeverythingallatonetime.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。riskvt.冒…的危险;

使…冒风险（或面临危险）常用短语：risksth/doingsth冒…什么危险/冒险做某事如：Heriskedwalkingaloneinthedark.riskn.危险，冒险常用短语：atrisk在危险中run/taketheriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事如：We’dbetternotruntheriskofcatchingacoldbywalkingwithoutanumbrellaintherain.7：Justasthesayinggoes.(P75)正如谚语所说。(1)as用法小结

1）作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像；按照”。

如：

You

must

do

everything

as

I

asked

you

to.

2）作介词，表示“作为；

当作”。如：

As

a

party

member,

I

must

be

strict

with

myself．

3）作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“当……的时候”。

如：

She

sings

as

she

walks．

4）用于一些固定搭配。如：

as

well

as

同（一样也）；和；还

On

Sunday,his

landlady

provided

dinner

as

well

as

breakfast．

（2）saying谚语常见的谚语有：DoasRomansdoinRome.入乡随俗。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。Nopains,nogains.不劳无获。Burnthecandlesatbothends.操劳过度。Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。Itneverrainsbutitpours.不雨则已，一雨倾盆。Itrainscatsanddogs.大雨磅礴。Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴火焰高。Everydoghasitsday.人人都有得意日。Putallyoureggsinonebasket.孤注一掷。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerthantheotherside.这山看着那山高。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.行动胜过语言。

Eastorwest,homeisthebest.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。Likeandlikemakegoodfriends.趣味相投。It'snevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Easiersaidthandone.说起来容易做起来难。

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。8：Otherwise,youwillbecometiredout.(P75)否则，你将会筋疲力尽。tiredadj.累的，疲倦的（指人）；tiringadj.令人累的，令人疲倦的（指物）。常用短语：betiredof对...感到厌倦;betiredwith因...而疲劳。如：Iamtiredoflivingaboard.

Iamtiredwithclimbingthatsteephill.9：conclusion(P76)结论conclusionn.结论;

结局;

断定，决定;

推论;

复数：conclusionsconcludev.下结论。如：10：Thepurposeofthetalkistoteachstudentsrulesforeating.(P77)讲座的目的是教学生吃饭的规矩。此处的toteach放在is的后面，做表语。动词不定式还可以放在名词的后面做后置定语。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.11：Aboveall,whenyouaresittingatthetable,youshouldnotstarteatinguntileveryoneisready.(P77)最重要的是，当你做在饭桌旁，你不应该开饭直到每个人都准备好。aboveall最重要的是，如：Aboveall,itneedsawisedecision.一般放在句首，后面加逗号“，”其他all短语：inall总计afterall毕竟firstofall首先atthetable在桌子旁有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：①attable在吃饭；atthetable在桌子旁②inclass在上课；intheclass在班级中③gotoschool去上学;gototheschool到那所学校去④gotobed上床睡觉;gotothebed到床那边去⑤infrontof在…的前面;inthefrontof在…的前部12：Theserulesareimportantbecauseweshouldmakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarecomfortableatthetable.(P77)这些规矩很重要，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。make

sure用法Make

sure

of

his

coming

before

you

set

off.

I

make

sure

(that)

he

would

come.

过语法过语法enoughto的用法“be+adj./adv.+enoughtodosth.”结构常用来描述一个人的个性、品格和能力。该结构可以用so...that句型进行替换。如:Heisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavystone.=Heissostrongthathecancarrytheheavystone.他够强壮能搬起这块很重的石头。enough在句中可以作状语、定语和表语。如:Thehouseisnotbigenoughforus.这房子对我们来说不够大。(作状语)Haveyougotenoughmoney?你的钱够吗?(作定语)Sixbottlesshouldbeenough.六瓶应该够了。(作表语)too...to的用法英语中too...to结构的基本形式是“betoo+adj./adv.(forsb.)+todosth.”，意为“(对某人来说)太……而不能……”，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的。使用该结构时，应注意以下几点：1.当主语本身是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式后不接宾语。此时的不定式如果是不及物动词，动词之后应加上适当的介词，这时的主语就变成了介词的宾语。如:Thewaterintheglassistoohottodrink.杯子内的水太热了不能喝。(drink是及物动词，thewater是drink的逻辑宾语)Thehouseistoooldtolivein.这房子太旧了不能住(live是不及物动词，其后须接介词，thehouse是in的逻辑宾语)2.当主语不是不定式的逻辑宾语，而不定式是及物动词时，动词之后要接宾语。如:Thehallistoosmalltoholdsomanystudents.会堂太小了不能容纳这么多学生。3.动词不定式之前可以带逻辑主语，表示不定式动作的执行者，常用forsb.。如:Thehouseistooexpensiveforhimtobuy.对他来说这房子太贵了，买不起。4.如果在too之前加上not或never，该结构就不再有否定的意义，意为“永/绝不……做某事”。如:Chineseisnottoodifficulttolearn.汉语绝不难学。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。单项选择()1.—Doyouwanttokeepgoldfish?—No,itis_______difficult_______takecareofthem.A.so;that B.not;enoughto C.too;to D.such;that()2.Heranandran,buthecouldn'trun_______tocatchthebus.A.sofastB.enoughfastC.toofastD.fastenough()3.Heis_______appleswithus.A.oldenoughpicking B.enougholdtopickC.oldenoughtopick D.enougholdpicking()4.TheChinesegirlHanMeimeicanspeakgoodEnglish_______.HerEnglishis_______thatofLucy.A.aswell;aswell B.aswell;asgoodasC.too;asgood D.aswellas;aswellas()5.Ifindit_______toworkoutthisproblem.Youneedn'tgototheteacher.A.enougheasy B.easilyenough C.easyenough D.veryeasily()6.Thestoneis_______heavyformetocarry.A.too B.very C.so D.enough()7.Theroomis_______threedesks.A.verybigtohold B.bigenoughtoholdC.enoughbigtohold D.toobigtohold()8.—Mum,canIrideyournewmotorbiketovisitmyfriends?—Sorry,baby.Ithinkyouare_______young_______rideit.A.so;that B.too;to C.enough;to D.too;that()9.Theworkersaretoobusy_______,Theyhavetokeepworkingtilltheyfinishit.A.havingarest B.nottohavearestC.tohavearest D.thattheyhavearest()10.Theoldmanwas______angry______aword.Hejuststoodthere,lookingathisson.A.enough;tosayB.so;saying C.very;tosay D.too;tosay【答案】CDCBCABBCD翻译句子1.我太兴奋了，都没法清楚地表达自己。_________________________________________________________________________________2.Peter太慢了，没能写下所有的重点。_________________________________________________________________________________3.Kitty忙于和他人交谈没有听以致于收音机。________________________________________________________________________________4.英国人太有礼貌了，不会在公共场合大声笑。________________________________________________________________________________5.Sandy够细心能注意到她身边的小变化。________________________________________________________________________________6.Suzy太害羞了，没能加入讨论。_________________________________________________________________________________【答案】1.Iamtooexcitedtoexpresshimselfclearly.2.Peterwastooslowtowritedownallthemainpoints.3.Kittywastoobusytalkingwithotherstolistentotheradio.4.Britishpeoplearetoopolitetolaughloudlyinpublic.5.Sandyiscarefulenoughtonoticesmallchangesaroundher.6.Suzywastooshytojoin(in)thediscussion.重难点训练重难点训练一、单词拼写1.Myfathertoldmenotto_______（碰）thevaseinhisstudy.HesaiditwasmadeinQingDynasty.2.A_______（谚语）isasentencethatpeopleoftensayandgiveadviceorinformationabouthumanlifeandexperience.3.Keepworking_______（直到）youallcanworkthisproblemout.4._______（正如）youcansee,weareinneedoffoodanddrinknow.5.Thesepagesaren'tintheir_______（适当的）order.6.We_______（推）thepiano,butitdidn'tmove.7.Theladyshoutedas_______（大声地）asshecould.8.-_______me,couldyoutellmethewaytothelibrary?-Sorry,I'mnewhere.Youmayasktheoldmansittingthere.9.-What'swrongwithyourleg?-Oh,Ihitarockby_______.Itreallyhurtmealot.10.-IheardpeopleinEnglanddriveontheleft.ShouldIdoastheydo?-Ofcourse.Rememberthat"WheninRome,doasthe_______do".【答案】1.touch2.saying3.till/until4.As5.proper6.pushed7.loudly8.Excuse9.accident10.Romans二、单项选择()l.Icouldn'twalkveryfastbecausealotofpeoplewere_______.A.inmyway B.inthisway C.insomewayD.onmyway()2.Dotheygreeteachother_______akiss?A.by B.at C.with D.use()3.-Mum'sbirthdayiscoming.Whatwouldyoubuyforher?-I'mnotsure.Anyway,Iwillfind_______.A.enoughgoodsomething BsomethinggoodenoughC.somethingenoughgood D.goodsomethingenough()4.Ilikemathsandshelikesmath_______.A.either B.aswellas C.aswell D.sowell()5.-Youarenewhere,_______?-Yes,I'mfromJiamusi.It'smyfirsttimeI've________Wuxi.A.aren'tyou;beento B.don'tyou;beentoC.aren'tyou;beenin D.don'tyou;goneto()6.I'msorryyou'vewaitedsolong,butthere’llbesometime_______BrangetsbackA.when B.since C.till D.after()7.Motheroftentellsmetospeakinalow_______inpublic.A.sound B.shout C.scream D.voice()8.-Doyouthinkitwillraintomorrow?-_______.Becausefarmersneedrainverymuch.Ithinkso B.Ihopeso C.I'mafraidso D.I'mafraidnot【答案】1-5ACBCC6-8CDB三、完形填空NowmoreandmorepeoplewouldliketovisitTibet(西藏).Whatwouldyoudoifyougoto1aTibetanfamily?Herearesometipsforyou.First,whenyouare2thehouse,don'tsteponthedoorsill(门槛）.Andwhenyoutalkwiththem,youmayadd"la"behindtheirnamestoshow3respect(尊重)andkindness.RemembernottotouchthetopoftheheadoftheTibetans.It'snot4.Then,iftheyaskyoutotakeaseat,youmay5cross-legged.Don'tletyoursoles(鞋底)touchothers.Tibetanpeoplearefriendly.Duringthemeal,they6liketohaveadrinkwhentheyhavedinnerwithfriends.FortheTibetans,stickingoutthetonguemeansexpressingtheirrespectfor7.Iftheyputtheirpalms(手掌)together,it8thebestwishforyou.Use9handstoreceivegifts.Hada,thewhitescarf,isthesymbolofgoodluck.Presentingitisthegreatestetiquette(礼节)10Tibetanpeople.Soyoushouldbend(弯)yourbodywhenreceivingit.WishyouagoodtimeinaTibetanfamily.()1.A.have B.visit C.leave D.see()2.A.entering B.building C.buying D.enjoying()3.A.its B.our C.your D.wild()4.A.strange B.wild C.happy D.polite()5.A.sit B.lie C.stand D.run()6.A.never B.always C.seldomD.still()7.A.them B.other C.anotherD.others()8.A.calls B.asks C.means D.joins.()9.A.both B.all C.no D.each()10.A.across B.among C.after D.about【答案】1-5BACDA6-10BDCAB四、阅读理解Whenyoucoughorsneeze,pleaseturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand.Afterwards,youshouldsay,"Excuseme.”ThisisaruleIsetformystudents.Itissosimple,butmanykidshaveneverbeentoldtodothis.Infact,Inoticeadultscoughandsneezeinpublicwithoutputtingahandoverthemouth.Ihatetravellingbysubway（地铁）inNewYorkduringcoldandfluseason,becauseitiscertainthatsomeoneisgoingtostandrightbehindmeandcoughorsneezeonmyneck.OneimportantthingIpointouttothekidsisthataftertheysneezeorcoughontheirhand,theyshouldwashtheirhandsassoonaspossible.Otherwise,theywillbepassingthosegerms(病菌)alongtoeverythingandeveryonetheytouch.Inordertohelpthekidsrememberthisrule,Itellthemaboutanoldstory.Itsaysthatwhenyousneeze,evilspiritsjumpintoyourbody.Ifyoudon'tcoveryourmouth,thespiritswillenter,butifyoucoveryourmouth,youwillkeepthemout,Wesay"Godblessyou"whensomeonesneezes,andinGermanyyoushouldsay"Gesundheit".Thatmeans"Goodhealthtoyou."Bothexpressionsaresaidjustincaseyoudidn'tcoveryourmouthintimeandthespiritswereabletoenteryourbody.Thekidslovefindingouttheorigins（起源）oftheseexpressionsanditencouragesthemtoputtheadvicetousemoreoften.()1.Aftercoughingorsneezingontheirhand,studentsareadvisedto_______.A.say"Godblessyou"B.washtheirhandsassoonaspossibleC.gotoseeadoctorassoonaspossibleD.gohomeandhaveagoodrest()2.Whatdoestheunderlineword"this"mean?A.Don'tcoughorsneezeinfrontofpeople.B.Don'tstandbesidesomeonewhocoughsorsneezes.C.Manypeoplecoughorsneezeontheundergroundtrain..D.Coveryourmouthwhencoughingorsneezingandsaysorry.()3.Fromthepassagewecanknowthewriterofthisarticlemustbe_______.A.areporterB.ateacherC.adoctorD.anofficer()4.Accordingtothearticle,thewriterwouldlikethekids_______.A.tobepolitetoadults B.tobeinbetterhealthC.tohavegoodmannersD.todowellinexams【答案】1-4BDBC五、翻译句子这些公共标志牌使我们远离危险。Thesekeepus.行动胜于雄辩。Actionwords.熟能生巧。.刚才警察警告他们不要在街上踢足球。Thepolicemanplayfootballinthestreetjustnow.这次聚会的目的是为贫困学生筹款。ispoorstudents.【答案】1publicsigns;fromdanger2speakslouderthan3Practicemakesperfect.4warnedthemnotto5Thepurposeoftheparty;toraisemoneyfor六、动词填空1._________they________(decide)whenandwhere_____________(build)thenewfactory?Notyet.2.Mygrandpaisnotstrongenough______________(travel)aroundtheworldonhisown.3.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I_____________(meet)herseveraltimes.4.