专题04 阅读理解B篇-冲刺2023年中考英语重难题型考前突破（广东专用）（解析版）

04阅读理解B篇一、人与社会 11.太空水稻（2023广东湛江一模） 2.环境机器人（2023广东清远一模） 33.北京冬奥会美物（20234.京剧（2023广东惠州一模） 65.五禽戏（2023广东模拟预测）6.替代妈妈与留守儿童（2023广东东莞7.葫芦烙画（2023广东惠州一模） 8.英国寄宿学校（2023广东江门一模） 9.母亲河——长江（2023广东东莞一模） 10.草编艺术（2023山东青岛一模） 111.后备箱集市（2023山东青岛一模） 二、人与自然 221.鸟类（2023广东模拟预测2.水污染（2023广东中山一模） 3.绿色产品（2023山东济南一模） 26三、人与自我（害羞心理）（2023广东湛江一、人与社会【1】（2023·广东湛江·统考一模）Sincehumanssentthefirstsatellite(卫星)tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowplantsinspaceifhumanslivethereoneday.ArecentexperimentattheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.Theresearchersaid,“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell.”SincethericeexperimentbeganonJuly29,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高杆水稻品种)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety(矮杆水稻品种)havegrownto5centimeters,ChinaDailyreportedonAugust30,2022.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycle(周期)ofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithagrownplantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotforastronauts.TheycansolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated(突变的)seedsthatcanproducehigheryields(产量)onEarth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.TheyareplantedonEartheveryyear.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter,30%ofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare“spacestrawberries”,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced“spacetomatoes”withyieldsincreasedby30%,and“spacebananas”withagrowthcycleshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.1．Howhighdidthetallshootricevarietygrowforthefirstmonth?A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisone”inParagraph3referto?A．Thedwarfricevariety. B．Thetallshootricevariety.C．Thelastriceexperimentinspace. D．ThericeexperimentonShenzhouXIV.3．Howdoesthisriceexperimentdifferfromotherexperiments?A．Itsseedlingshavesuccessfullycomeup. B．Itgoesthroughacompletelifecycle.C．Itsseedlingsaregrowingverywell. D．Itusescompletelynewricevarieties.4．Whydoweplantseedsinspaceaccordingtothepassage?a.Tofeedastronauts.

b.Toresearchonmutatedseeds.c.ToincreaseyieldsonEarth.

d.Tostudytheenvironmentofspace.A．ab B．bc C．ac D．bd5．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Spaceplantingisbenefitingus. B．Spaceplantinghasdisadvantages.C．Peoplewillneverrunoutoffood. D．Peopleareafraidofspaceseeds.【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．C5．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务中成功种植了水稻幼苗，可以创造出突变的种子，从而在地球上产生更高的产量，以此解决地球上的食物问题。1．细节理解题。根据“theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高杆水稻品种)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.”可知高杆水稻品种的幼苗已经长到30厘米。故选C。2．词句猜测题。根据“Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings（幼苗）duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.”可知文章讲述的是中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，再根据“Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace”可知在太空中还有其他的水稻实验，因此“thisone”指的是在神舟十四号上进行的水稻实验。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据“Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycleofaplant”可知虽然在太空中也有其他的水稻实验，但这是同类实验中第一个产生植物完整生命周期的水稻。因此区别在于经历完整的生命周期。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotjustforastronauts.TheycanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.”可知这样的食物种植实验不仅仅是为了宇航员。它们还可以解决地球上的粮食问题。再根据“Theseedscanthenproducehigheryields（产量）onEarth.”可知这些种子可以生产比在地球上更高的产量。因此可知在太空种植粮食作物，一可以供养宇航员，二可以提高其在地球上的产量。故选C。5．主旨大意题。根据“30percentofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare‘spacestrawberries‘,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced‘spacetomatoes’withyieldsincreasedby30percent,and‘spacebananas’withagrowthshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.”可知北京销售的草莓中有30%是“太空草莓”，和鸡蛋一样大。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的“太空西红柿”，以及生长期从13个月缩短到9个月的“太空香蕉”。因此主要介绍了太空种植的植物对我们的好处。故选A。【2】（2023·广东清远·统考一模）Robotsarehelpfulinmanyways.Theycanhelpuswashdishes,cook,andcleanrooms.Someofthemcanevenhelplookafteroldpeople.Nowthey’returningtheirattentiontofightingclimatechangebyhelpingtoplanttrees.MilremRobotics,anEstoniancompany,togetherwithsomescientists,hasdevelopedtworobotsthatcanplantyoungtrees.Thetworobotsarethesizeofasmallcar.Theycanworkasateam—onepreparestheplantingarea,theotherplantstrees.Bothrobotsaredriverless.Theysensetheenvironmentaroundthemandoperate（操作）ontheirown.Theycantravelatspeedsofupto20km/h.Infiveorsixhours,thepaircanputdownasmanyas380youngtreescoveringtenthousandsquaremeters.Itmeansthetworobotscanplantthousandsoftreesaday!Whileworking,theycanalsorecordthelocationofeachnewtree.Theworldlosesabout100thousandsquarekilometersoftreeseveryyear,accordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization（联合国粮食及农业组织）.Scientistssaythatweneedtoplantatrillion（万亿）treestosolvetheproblemofforestcoverlossandhelpslowdownclimatechange.Besides,it’smoreimportanttoplanttherighttreesintherightplacetogetasatisfyingresult.Itisgreatnewsthattwotree-lovingrobotscanhelpsolvethebigworldproblem.1．ThetworobotsfromMilremRoboticsarefor________.A．cookingmeals B．cleaningrooms C．lookingaftertheold D．plantingtrees2．Theunderlinedword“driverless”inParagraph3means________.A．withadriverinit B．withoutanydriverinitC．someonewhodrivesacar D．gosomewherebycar3．Theworldloses________treeseveryyear.A．100thousandsquaremetersoftrees B．100thousandsquarekilometersoftreesC．1trilliontrees D．thousandsoftrees4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthetworobots?A．Theyarethesizeofasmallcar. B．Theycanplantmillionsoftreesaday.C．Theycantravelatspeedsofupto30km/h. D．Theycan’tsensetheenvironmentaroundthem.5．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．treesplanting B．climatechange C．robots D．worldproblems【答案】1．D2．B3．B4．A5．C【导语】本文主要介绍了两个为改善环境而研发的机器人。1．细节理解题。根据“MilremRobotics,anEstoniancompany,togetherwithsomescientists,hasdevelopedtworobotsthatcanplantyoungtrees.”可知这两个机器人是用来种树的。故选D。2．词义猜测题。根据“Theysensetheenvironmentaroundthemandoperate（操作）ontheirown.”可知它们能感知周围的环境，并自主行动，可见两个机器人都是无人驾驶的，故driverless意为“无人驾驶”。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Theworldlosesabout100thousandsquarekilometersoftreeseveryyear,accordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization”可知世界每年损失大约10万平方公里的树木。故选B。4．细节判断题。根据“Thetworobotsarethesizeofasmallcar.”可知这两个机器人有一辆小汽车那么大。故选A。5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了两个为改善环境而研发的机器人。故选C。【3】（2023·广东汕头·统考一模）The2022WinterOlympicswerenotonlyabigsportsevent,butalsoadeliciousfeast(盛宴),asthehostcountryiswellknownforitsfood.ThefoodsofthethreeOlympicVillageshadwontheheartofmostathletes(运动员)fromallovertheworld.TheirvideosofeatingChinesefoodgotpopularontheInternet.ChineseInternetuserscouldwatchChina’sfree-medal-winnerGuAilingeatingbaoziinoneofthevideos.JeniseSpiteri,asnowboarderfromMalta,alsosurprisedChineseInternetuserswithherloveforbaozi.Afteracompetition,shesaidthatsheatesixbaoziaday,andsheevenstartedeatingonewhenshewaswaitingforherscore.USathleteJuliaMarinoalsotookChineseInternetusersbysurprise,“I’veprobablyhadabout200dumplingssinceIcamehere.It’stheonlythingthatIfeellikeisalwaysgood.”“Wecanhaveeverything.There’sWesternfoodandChinesefood.There’sevenaKFC．That’sgreat,”saidNevinGalmarini,aSwisssnowboarderwhostayedintheZhangjiakouOlympicVillage.YangChen,acookofathletes’restaurantattheYanqingOlympicVillage,saidthemenuinthevillagerotated(轮流)everyeightdays,and30%ofthedisheswereChinese,while70%wereWestern.“Themostpopulardishesintheathletes’restaurant,”saidYang,“involvelamb,beef,Beijingduckanddumplings.”“Weofferhelptosomeforeignathleteswhoareinneed.WehopemorepeoplewillknowaboutChinesefoodculture,”saidYang.1．BothGuAilingandJeniseSpiteri________.A．gotgoodscores B．likedtoeatbaoziC．wonthreemedals D．enjoyedmakingdumplings2．JuliaMarinoisanathletefrom________.A．China B．Malta C．US D．Switzerland3．WhatdoweknowaboutNevinGalmarini?A．HisfavoriteChinesefoodwasdumplings.B．HesurprisedtheChinesefanswithhisskills.C．HelikedthewesternfoodbestattheGames.D．HewassatisfiedwiththefoodattheGames.4．Theunderlinedword“involve”means“________”.A．include B．order C．influence D．pass5．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Whatathletesfromaroundtheworldsharedonline.B．HowpopularthefoodwaswithathletesattheGames.C．WhatcooksattheGamesdidtomakethefooddelicious.D．HowwasthefoodatthethreeOlympicVillageswereprepared.【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．A5．B【导语】本文主要讲述冬奥会的食物受到了运动员的喜爱。1．细节理解题。根据“GuAilingeatingbaoziinoneofthevideos.”和“JeniseSpiteri,asnowboarderfromMalta,alsosurprisedChineseInternetuserswithherloveforbaozi.”可知，谷爱凌和JeniseSpiteri都喜欢吃包子。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“USathleteJuliaMarino”可知，JuliaMarino是来自美国的运动员。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据“Wecanhaveeverything.There’sWesternfoodandChinesefood.There’sevenaKFC.That’sgreat,”可知，NevinGalmarini认为冬奥会期间的食物种类齐全，由此可推知他对这些食物很满意。故选D。4．词义猜测题。根据“Themostpopulardishesintheathletes’restaurant,”和“involvelamb,beef,Beijingduckanddumplings.”可推知，此处指最受欢迎的菜包括羊肉、牛肉、北京鸭和饺子，“involve”是include“包括”的意思。故选A。5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述冬奥会的食物受到了运动员的喜爱。故选B。【4】（2023·广东惠州·统考一模）ChineseoperaisanimportantpartofChineseculture.Therearemorethan300formsofChineseopera,includingBeijingOpera,YueOpera,YuOpera,GeZaiXiandmanyotherforms.BeijingOperaismorefamousthanotheroperasinChina.BeijingOperaputsinging,dancingandacrobatics(杂技)together.Instrumentssuchasdrums,bellsandcymbals(铜钹)accompany(伴奏)theperformances.Besides,therearetwoimportantpartsofBeijingOperaperformanceshelpingtellthestory,thefacialdesign(脸谱)andcostumes(服装).Traditionally,performancesusedmasksfortheirfacialdesign.Today,however,performersusemakeup.Theypaintcolorfuldesignsontheirfaces.Thesecolorsanddesignshelptocreateeachcharacter.Forexample,abravecharacterhasaredface,whileablackfacemeanshonest.Abluefaceisrude.Ayelloworwhitefacestandsforsomeonewhoisdishonest.Costumesmakepeopleknowtheperformers’charactersandroles.So,ifpeoplearefamiliarwiththecostumesofopera,theycanknowastorywithcostumeseasily.Costumesusuallyhavemanydesignsandcolor.Thesamecostumecanbeusedindifferentshows.Anditwillstandforadifferentcharacter.ManycollegesandschoolsinChinawanttokeeptheartofChineseoperaalive.Theyprovideaneducationsystemfortalentedstudents.Applicants(应试者)needtopassawrittentest,anauditionandaninterview.Onlythegreateststudentsareacceptedtostudyatthesecollegesandschools.Onceacceptedintotheprogram,studentsbeginajourneyforseventotwelveyearsthroughtheschool.Aftergraduation,manygoontoworkasprofessionalactorsonstageorinthemovies.1．OfallformsofChineseopera,________isthemostfamous.A．BeijingOpera B．GeZaiXi C．YuOpera D．YueOpera2．Thecharacterwithayelloworwhitefaceis________.A．brave B．dishonest C．honest D．rude3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“familiar”inparagraph3mean?A．Knowingsomethingwell. B．Havingnoideaaboutsomething.C．Somethingnew. D．Somethingdifficult.4．Wecanknowfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．onlycollegeswouldliketomakeChineseoperaactiveB．anyonewholikesoperacanbeacceptedintotheprogramC．studentsintheprogramusuallystudyfor7yearsatschoolD．manystudentsintheprogramwillfinallybecomeactors5．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．theinfluenceofChineseoperaB．theintroductionofBeijingoperaC．theimportanceofcostumesandfacialdesignD．thedevelopmentoftheartofChineseopera【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．D5．B【导语】本文主要介绍京剧的相关信息。1．细节理解题。根据“BeijingOperaismorefamousthanotheroperasinChina”可知京剧是最出名的。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Ayelloworwhitefacestandsforsomeonewhoisdishonest.”可知黄脸或者白脸代表这个人不诚实。故选B。3．词句猜测题。根据“theycanknowastorywithcostumeseasily”可知他们很容易知道服装的故事，此处表达的是如果人们了解京剧的服装。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据“Aftergraduation,manygoontoworkasprofessionalactorsonstageorinthemovies.”可知这些学生从大学毕业后就会在舞台或者电影里成为专业的演员。故选D。5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍京剧的相关内容。故选B。【5】（2023·广东·模拟预测）根据简章内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案。“Humanscandevelopcertainabilitieswearen’tbornwithbypracticinganimals’movements,”thetraditionalChineseWushuloversbelievedinthepast,anddotoday.ChineseFive-AnimalExercises,alsoknownasWuqinxi,arethefirstcompletesetofqigongexercisesfollowingthemovementsofanimals:monkeys,deer,birds,bearsandtigers.TheywerecreatedbyoneofthegreatestdoctorsinChinesehistory,HuaTuo,morethan1,800yearsago.“Thebearmovementsaregoodforthestomach.Thetigermovementscanreducethepainintheback.Thedeermovementshelpreducethefataroundthewaist(腰).Thebirdmovementscanhelpkeepourkneeshealthyandthemonkeymovementscanbegoodfortheheart.”saidHuaYi,the59thinheritor(继承人)ofWuqinxi.Forthosenewlearners,youmayfindithardtofocus(集中注意力).Wearcomfortableclothes,keeppeacefulinyourmind,trytomoveslowly...Littlebylittle,you’llfeelmoreandmoreharmoniouswithnature.Youmayevenfeelyoubecomeatigeroradeer,walkingintheforestfreely.Theseexercisesneednotoolsandtheyareeasytolearn.Youcansearchonlineforthevideosandpracticethematanytimewhenyoufeellikerelaxingyourbodyandmind.Becauseit’sfuntopracticeandgoodforhealth,Five-AnimalExercisesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinrecentyears,notonlyinChina,butalsoinmanyotherplacesoftheworld.1．PeoplepracticeFive-AnimalExercisesinorderto________.A．fightagainstenemies B．protectwildanimalsC．improvethehealth D．playasagroupgame2．Ifyourgrandfatherhasapainintheback,________mayhelphimalot.A．thebearmovements B．themonkeymovementsC．thebirdmovements D．thetigermovements3．Theunderlinedword“harmonious”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A．兴奋的 B．和谐的 C．敬畏的 D．肤浅的4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A．Wuqinxifollowsthemovementsoffiveanimals:monkeys,deer,birds,bearsandtigers.B．Ifyouwanttokeepyourkneeshealthy,youcandothebirdmovements.C．Theseexercisesneedspecialtoolsandtheyaredifficulttolearn.D．Five-AnimalExercisesaremoreandmorepopularinrecentyears.5．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ThehistoryofWuqinxiB．ChineseFive-AnimalExercisesC．TheadvantagesofWuqinxiD．AgreatdoctorHuaTuo【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．C5．B【导语】本文主要介绍了五禽戏的相关信息。1．推理判断题。根据“Thebearmovementsaregoodforthestomach.Thetigermovementscanreducethepainintheback.Thedeermovementshelpreducethefataroundthewaist(腰).Thebirdmovementscanhelpkeepourkneeshealthyandthemonkeymovementscanbegoodfortheheart.”可知，练习五禽戏对胃、背、腰、膝盖和心脏有好处，由此可知人们为了增进健康而练习五禽戏。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“Thetigermovementscanreducethepainintheback.”可知，虎式动作可以减轻背部疼痛。故选D。3．词义猜测题。根据“Youmayevenfeelyoubecomeatigeroradeer,walkingintheforestfreely.”可知，练习五禽戏会让你感觉自己变成了在森林中自由行走的老虎或鹿，再结合选项可知，练习五禽戏能让你与自然越来越和谐，“harmonious”是“和谐的”。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“Theseexercisesneednotoolsandtheyareeasytolearn.”可知，这些练习不需要工具，而且很容易学。选项C与原文不符。故选C。5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了五禽戏的相关信息。选项B“中国五禽戏”最适合作为本文的标题。故选B。【6】（2023·广东东莞·东莞市万江第三中学校考一模）TheChinaFoundationforPovertyAlleviation(中国扶贫基金会)hasstartedaprogramtohireandtrain100localwomenassubstitutemothers(替代妈妈)totakecareofleft-behind(留守)children.Thethree-yearprogramwillselect100villagersacrossSichuanProvinceandhireonewomanineachvillage.“It’samodeltosolvetheproblemofleft-behindchildren,”saidLiuWenkui,secretaryofthefoundation.The“substitutemothers”willdoparents’job,findingoutwhatthechildrenneedandhelpingthemwithproblems.Eachsubstitutemotherwilltakecareofabout300to500children.Therewillbea“children’shome”ineachvillagetobethemother’sofficeandchildren’splayingspace.Theirjobistoprovidequickserviceanddiscoverthechildren’sproblems.Theprogramhopestohirewomenaged19to55yearsoldfromthevillages.“Wewanttohirefull-time‘mothers’tomakesuretheywon’tthinkaboutotherwork,”Liusaid.“Wewantlocalwomenbecausetheyunderstandlocallanguagesandcultures.”TheprograminSichuanisanexperiment,andLiusaid,“Ifitisasuccessfulmodel,wewillstartitinthewholecountry.”“Ifparentsareforcedtoleavehometoearnalivingandunabletotaketheirchildrenwiththem,wearelookingforatransition(过渡的)waytosolvetheproblem.”headded.1．Howlongwillittaketohireandtrainthesubstitutemothers?A．Threemonths. B．Oneyear. C．Threeyears. D．Tenyears.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hire”meaninChinese?A．雇用 B．选择 C．设立 D．邀请3．Asubstitutemotherwillpossiblybe________.A．agirlattheageof18 B．awomanwithapart-timeC．amanfromthelocalvillage D．awomanwhoknowslocallanguage4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．Asubstitutemotherplaysaroleofparents.B．Eachvillagemotherwilltakecareofabout300to580children.C．Eachvillagewillhavea“children’shome’.D．Thechildren’sparentswillpaythesubstitutemother.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Left-behindChildren’sProblems. B．SubstituteMothersinVillages.C．Left-behindWomen’sProblems. D．SubstituteChildreninVillages.【答案】1．C2．A3．D4．D5．B【导语】本文讲的是中国很多父母外出打工，越来越多的孩子变成了留守儿童。他们需要社会的关爱。因此中国扶贫基金会启动了一项计划：雇佣和培训100名当地妇女作为替代妈妈来照顾留守儿童。1．细节理解题。根据“Thethree-yearprogramwillselect100villagersacrossSichuanProvinceandhireonewomanineachvillage.”可知，中国扶贫基金会启动的这个计划会持续3年时间，故选C。2．词句猜测题。分析“TheChinaFoundationforPovertyAlleviation(中国扶贫基金会)hasstartedaprogramtohireandtrain100localwomenassubstitutemothers(替代妈妈)totakecareofleft-behind(留守)children.”可知，中国扶贫基金会启动了一项计划，雇用和培训100名当地妇女作为替代母亲来照顾留守儿童。此处hire的意思是“雇佣”，故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“Wewantlocalwomenbecausetheyunderstandlocallanguagesandcultures.”可知，替代妈妈需要当地女性，因为她们懂当地语言和文化。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“TheChinaFoundationforPovertyAlleviation(中国扶贫基金会)hasstartedaprogramtohireandtrain100localwomenassubstitutemothers”可知，中国扶贫基金会雇佣替代妈妈，所以并不是孩子的父母付钱给替代妈妈。故选D。5．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了中国扶贫基金会建立的一个由替代妈妈来照顾留守儿童的项目，选项B“农村的替代妈妈”符合主题，故选B。【7】（2023·广东惠州·惠州一中校考一模）Gourds(葫芦)haveahistoryof7,000yearsinChina.Thesespecial-shapedplantsareusedforcookingdeliciousdishesaswellasmakingmusicalinstruments.Buttodaywearetalkingaboutthepyrographycraft(烙画工艺)ongourds.ThecraftoriginatedduringtheHanDynastyatfirstandentereditsgoldenageduringtheQingDynasty.ManycitiesofChinalikeTianjinandBeijingarewell-knownforsuchgourds.TakethecraftfromBeijingasanexample.Asthefamily’sfourth-generationinheritor(继承人)ofBeijing’sgourd-pyrographycraft,NiuChengguohasbeenworkinghardonthecraftforabout40years.Withhisgreatloveforbeautifulthings,Niuhaskeptimprovinghisartskillsandcreatedmanyworksofart.“WhenIwasalittleboy,Iwasdeeplytouchedbythelivelypatterns(图案)ongourdswhichwerecreatedbymygrandpa.IbeganstudyinghowtocreatetheartworkswiththehelpofmygrandpawhenIwas11yearsold.”saidNiu.Niu’seffortstocreatewonderfulartworkspaidoff,ashisartworkssoldwellinmanycountriesinSoutheastAsia,EuropeandAmerica.Manyofhisworkshaveappearedindifferentculturalexchange(交流)activities.Asaresult,thegourd-pyrographycraftisbecomingmorepopular.In2021,Niustartedtoprovideaplatformtohelpvisitorsenjoythebeautyofthegourdcraft.“Ijustwanttomakethetraditionalcraftknownandlikedbymorepeople,”Niusaid.1．WhatcangourdsbeusedforaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Holdingdishes. B．Makingmusic. C．Makinghouses. D．Creatingartworks.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“originated”meaninParagraph2?A．returned B．appeared C．spread D．stopped3．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．HowhardNiulearnedthecraft.B．HowNiudevelopedaninterestinthecraft.C．WhyNiu’sgrandpataughthimselfthecraft.D．WhatNiuhasdonetoimprovehisartisticskills.4．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Niu’sworkshaveaninfluenceonculturalexchanges.B．Niu’sworksareonlypopularinmostAsiancountries.C．Niu’sworkshelpedvisitorscreatetheirowngourdartworks.D．Niuisathird-generationinheritorofthecraftinhisfamily.5．Whatisthemainpurpose(目的)ofthepassage?A．Todescribethedevelopmentofthecraft.B．Tointroduceaninheritorofatraditionalcraft.C．Tohelppeoplelearnhowtomakethecraftpopular.D．ToencouragepeopletopassonChinesetraditionalcraft.【答案】1．D2．B3．B4．A5．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述葫芦烙画工艺的传承与发展。1．细节理解题。根据“Thesespecial-shapedplantsareusedforcookingdeliciousdishesaswellasmakingmusicalinstruments”以及“wearetalkingaboutthepyrographycraft(烙画工艺)ongourds”可知，葫芦可以用来烹饪美味的菜肴、制作乐器以及制作工艺品。故选D。2．词义猜测题。根据“ThecraftoriginatedduringtheHanDynastyandentereditsgoldenageduringtheQingDynasty”可知，本句讲述工艺的发展，这种工艺最初起源于汉代，在清朝进入黄金时代。划线部分意为“起源于”，指这种工艺的出现时间，与B选项appeared所表含义相近。故选B。3．段落大意题。根据“WhenIwasalittleboy,Iwasdeeplytouchedbythelivelypatternsongourds...Ibeganstudyinghowtocreatetheartworksundermygrandpa”可知，本段描写Niu小时候在祖父影响下对烙画工艺产生兴趣并学习创造的事情。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“Manyofhisworkshaveappearedindifferentculturalexchangeactivities”可知，Niu的艺术作品出现在不同文化交流活动中，促进了文化的交流。故选A。5．目的意图题。纵观全文，第一段引出葫芦烙画工艺这一话题，第二段开始介绍Niu是这一工艺的第四代继承人，接下来讲述Niu对这一工艺兴趣的萌芽、努力创作、作品大受欢迎以及提供平台传播这一工艺，因此这篇文章主要介绍了传统葫芦烙画工艺的继承者。故选B。【8】（2023·广东江门·台山市新宁中学校考一模）Thereareover800boarding(寄宿)schoolsintheUKwithstudentsfromhomeandforeigncountries.Boardingschoolsstartedhundredsofyearsagointhecountry.Buttheearliestboardingschoolsweresetupforwhite,richboysonly.Nowbothboysandgirlscangotoboardingschoolsfromtheageof7to18.WhattodoIntheUK,boardingschoolshavethreetermsinaschoolyear,withabout13weeksineachterm.Studentsstudyandlivetogether.Theycan’tgooutsideiftheyarenotallowedto.Insomeschools,eachstudenthashisorhersubjectplan.Besidestheusualclassroomsandlaboratories,theboardingschoolshavelotsofotherfacilitiesfortheirstudents,includingmusicrooms,boats,swimmingpools,cinemasandtheaters.Mostboardingschoolshavea“lightout”time.Sowhenit’stimetogotobed,allthelightsinthebedroomsareturnedoff.Therearehousemasterstotakecareofstudentsallthetime,especiallyafterschoolhours.WhattowearNearlyallthestudentsinboardingschoolswearaschooluniform.Boysusuallywearashirtandatie,andgirlswearawhiteblouse,sometimesalsoatieandaskirt.Asstudentsgetolder,therulesbecomelessstrict.________IntheUK,boardingschoolsprovidestudentswithdeliciousfood.TheycanchoosetohaveafullEnglishbreakfastorbread.Andthereisalwaysself-serviceforsalad,othersidedishesandadessert.Studentscanalsomakethemselvessomethingtoeatatanytimeinakitchen,ordrinkteaorhaveasnackbetweenmeals.1．BoardingschoolsintheUK_________.A．provideeducationonlyforboystudentsB．haveahistoryofonehundredyearsC．onlyreceivejuniorandseniorstudentsD．haveahistoryofhundredsofyears2．StudentsinboardingschoolsintheUK_________.A．can’teatsnacksB．canchoosetheclothestheywanttowearallthetimeC．havedifferentagesD．caneatthemealtheirparentsmadeforthem3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Allwhiteboyswereallowedtoattendtheearliestboardingschools.B．Studentsinaboardingschoolarelookedafteronlyafterschoolhours.C．Asstudentsgetolder,therulesaboutwearingschooluniformsbecomestricter.D．Studentscanhavedifferentactivitiesinaboardingschool.4．Theunderlinedword“facilities”means“_________”.A．教师 B．设施 C．活动 D．课程5．Whichisthebesttitleforthelastparagraph?A．Whattoeat B．Whentoeat C．Wheretoeat D．Howtoeat【答案】1．D2．C3．D4．B5．A【导语】本文主要介绍了英国的寄宿学校。文中介绍了寄宿学校开始创办的时间及能进入寄宿学校的条件。重点介绍了目前在寄宿学校内能做什么，穿什么和吃什么。1．细节理解题。根据“Boardingschoolsstartedhundredsofyearsagointhecountry.”可知，英国的寄宿学校在数百年前开始的。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Nowbothboysandgirlscangotoboardingschoolsfromtheageof7to18.”可知，学生年龄从7岁至18岁。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“includingmusicrooms,boats,swimmingpools,cinemasandtheaters.”可知，他们有很多的设施就有不同的活动。故选D。4．词义猜测题。根据“includingmusicrooms,boats,swimmingpools,cinemasandtheaters.”可知，这些活动设施是对划线部分的阐述。所以应是指设施。故选B。5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，主要介绍的是在校学生吃的东西。故选A。【9】（2023·广东东莞·统考一模）Youmayhaveheardthesaying“TheYangtzeRiverisChina’smotherriver.”ThemainrouteoftheYangtzeisalmost6,400kmlong.Astheworld’sthird-longestriver,itsvalley(流域)coversone-fifthofChina’slandarea.TheYangtzeRiverEconomicZone(长江经济带)covers11provincesandcities,makingupabout40percentofChina’stotalpopulationandGDP.The“motherriver”isingreatneedofprotectionbecausesomethingiswrongwithit.Forexample,becauseofoverfishingandwaterpollution,theriver’sChinesepaddlefish(白鲟)hasdiedoutaftersurvivingfor150millionyears.There’realsodesertified(荒漠化的)landandsoilpollutionneartheupstreampartoftheriverinQinghaiprovince,Xinhuareported.TheYangtzeRiverProtectionLawwhichtookeffectlastyearincludesbans(禁止)onactivitythatcoulddamagetheriver.Italsoincludesheavierpunishmentsforthosewhodon’tfollowthelaw.Accordingtothelaw,fishingwillbebannedinalloftheYangtze’snaturalwaterways,includingitsmajortributaries(支流)andlakes.Thosewhoarecaughtfishingwillbefined50,000to500,000yuan.Sandmining(采沙)willbestrictlylimitedintherivervalley.Manycompaniesareminingsandalongtheriver,assandisarareresource.However,thishasledtolowerwaterlevelsontheriver,whichhascausedtheriver’swaterqualitytodecline.Companiesoperatingalongtheriverwillneedtofocusongreendevelopment.Companiesthatproducepollutionwillbemovedtootherplaces,thelawsays.1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Whytheriverneedsprotection. B．Howtheriveris