2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时分层作业11Unit4Historyandtraditions含解析新人教版必修第二册

PAGE1-课时分层作业(十一)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Hesoundedbothpitifulandeagertoget(get)whathewanted.2．Igreetedtotheteacherwith“Hello”，andtheteachergavemeasweetsmileinreturn.3．Withtimepermitting(permit)，we'llgotovisittheGreatWall.4．Malaysiaisdotted(dot)withplains，forestedhillsandmountainsthatcoverbotheastandwestMalaysia.5．Thememoriesofthechildhoodcrowdedinonme.6．Thereweren'tenoughsnacks(snack)onhandfortheparty.7．TheJinggangMountainsstandwheretheboundariesoffour8．Therolling(roll)ballcametorestatthefootofthehill.9．Shewasapoet(poem)andexpressedherfeelingsintheformofpoetry.10．Everycityhasitsownsetoftraditionsandcustoms(custom).Ⅱ.阅读理解Historiansandarchaeologistshavedefinedperiodsofhumanhistoryforcenturiesbythetechnologiesormaterialsthatmadethegreatestimpactonsociety.ThisincludestheStoneAge,theBronzeAge,andtheIronAge.Butwhatageareweinnow?Thatquestioncanbeansweredwithonewordforsomeresearchers.Plastics.“Plastichasredefinedourmaterialcultureandtheartifactsweleavebehind.Itwillbefoundinstratified(分层的)layersinourtrashdeposits(沉积层).”That'saccordingtoJohnMarston,anarchaeologist.Thewidevarietyofsyntheticpolymers(合成聚合物)wouldnotexistifitweren'tforhumanaction.Aboutsixbilliontonsofplasticshavebeenmadeandspreadaroundtheplanet.Theyhavebeenspreadfromforeststooceanseversincethefirstplasticpolymerswereinvented.PlasticsareoneofthemostsignificantchangesthathumanshavemadetotheEarth'smakeup.Mostplasticsdon'teasilydegrade.Thisonlyaddstotheproblem.Recyclingisn'tanadequatesolution.Notalltypesofplasticareeasilyrecyclable.Andthereareonlyafewrecyclingplantsthatcanprocessallvarietiesofplastic.AccordingtoDebraWinter,writerforTheAtlantic,thismeansthatmanyofthematerialsthrownintorecyclingbinscancrosstheplanetseveraltimesbeforetheyareprocessed.Theyaremadeintorugs,sweaters,ortheyareusedtomakeotherbottles.Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear,butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean.Theproblemhasreachedthepointwhereit'spossiblethatinjustafewdecadestheremightbemoreplasticintheworld'soceansthanfishes.“Plasticshaveasupposedlifespanofover500years,soit'ssafetosaythateveryplasticbottleyouhaveusedexistssomewhereonthisplanet,insomeformoranother，”Winterwrites.Thedamagemayalreadybedone.Itmaybetoolateforhumanpopulationsworldwidetochangetheirplasticusingways.SothePlasticAgemightsoontakeitsplacenexttotheBronzeAgeandtheIronAgeinthehistoryofhumancivilization.1．WhydopeoplecallouragethePlasticAge?A．Becauseplasticsarenotnaturallymade.B．Becausehumanscreateplastics.C．Becauseplasticsinfluencetheworldgreatly.D．Becausehistoriansandarchaeologiststhinkso.C[推理推断题。依据第一段第一句可知，历史学家和考古学家是运用对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的，由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的缘由是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。]2．Accordingtothepassage,howaremostplasticsdealtwithcurrently?A．Theyarerecycled.B．Theyaredegraded.C．Theyarethrownaway.D．Theyaremadeintobottles.C[细微环节理解题。依据第五段中的“Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear,butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean”可知，可回收的塑料垃圾较少，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。]3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothePlasticAge?A．Negative. B．Ambiguous.C．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.A[观点看法题。依据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最终一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们变更运用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极看法。故A项正确。]4．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Plasticshaveruinedourenvironment.B．Wemuststopusingplasticsaltogether.C．HumanbeingsareinthePlasticAge.D．Plasticsaresignificanttohumandevelopment.C[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲解并描述的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并说明了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的缘由，由此可推知，C项最符合文意。]Ⅲ.完形填空Itisn'teverydaythatpeoplefromtwodifferentculturesarebroughttogethertoformanewunion.This1recentlywhenIattendedtheweddingofmyfriend，anEnglishman，whowasmarriedtoalovelyGreeklady.Nowadays，therearemanysuchunionsbutnotallunionshavebeen2andhonestlyaccepted.Aweddingcelebration，thus，isagreatopportunityto3thatnegativeopinion.Peoplecangettoestablishalifelongrelationship，whichwilllaterbesharedwhentheiroffspring(后代)canreceiveandbenefitfromsuchafamily.Weallneedto4newunderstandingsofotherswhojoininournation，familyandcommunity.Suchnewarrivalsarepartofthe5ofournationbecausetheyhavehelpedmakeourcountrywhatitistoday.Aweddingthatinvolvestwodifferentculturesisagoldenopportunitytoletthem6．Whenyoustartoutwithinasituationofhappiness，itisaloteasiertobreaktheicebetweentwocultures，andto7whatmakestheotherpersonunique.Ireallyhopethatchildrencangrowupwithindifferentcultures，graspingthe8ofeachcultureandbecomingabetterperson.Thiscombinationoflearningwillhelp9theiron­goingrelationshipswithpeoplefromdifferentcultures，lettingthemunderstandeachotherbetterandreducingconflictsintheprocess.Thatwillhelpthembe10involved(参加)inacceptingothersdifferentfromthemselves，andlearningto11thosedifferences.Weallshouldtakeawelcomingattitudetonewarrivals.Thenthewayweacceptanewcultureintoourfamily，nationandthisworldwillbefarbetter.Understandingandappreciationwillbeliftedtoamuchhigherlevelandbecome12behavior，notoneoftheexceptions.Varietyisanadvantageforpeople.13isnotallthesameandpeopledon'twanttobe.Why？Ithinktheanswerisobvious.14wewereallthesame，canyouimaginehow15relationshipsofanykindwouldbe?【语篇解读】本文是一篇争论文。作者认为，不同种族的人的结合有利于人们接受不同的文化。1．A.agreed B．changedC．realized D．happenedD[依据前面的“Itisn'teverydaythatpeoplefromtwodifferentculturesarebroughttogethertoformanewunion.”可知，此处表示不同文化背景的人的结合发生了。]2．A.possessed B．celebratedC．recommended D．valuedB[依据语境以及“therearemanysuchunionsbutnotallunions”可知，并不是全部的这类结合都得到了人们的祝愿。]3．A.inspire B．expressC．confirm D．changeD[依据下文内容可知，作者认为这样的结婚典礼可以“变更”人们不接受不同文化的人结合的想法。]4．A.develop B．takeC．advise D．expectA[依据上下文可知，作者认为我们须要培育对于新加入我们民族、家庭以及社区的人的新的理解。]5．A.interest B．influenceC．history D．desireC[依据语境可知，这里的意思是这些不同的文化是作者民族历史的一部分，正是这些不同的文化使他们国家成为现在的样子。]6．A.remain B．meetC．succeed D．spreadB[依据“Aweddingthatinvolvestwodifferentcultures”可知，这里是指婚礼的场合是一个很好的让不同的文化“相遇；碰撞”的机会。]7．A.leaveout B．careaboutC．findout D．talkaboutC[依据“itisaloteasiertobreaktheice”可知，在这种状况下，人们更简单打破文化之间的界限，“发觉”是什么让另一半如此独特。]8．A.differences B．strengthsC．challenges D．choicesB[由空格后提到的“becomingabetterperson”可知，要成为一个更优秀的人，自然是要学习不同文化的优点。]9．A.promote B．ruinC．preserve D．beginA[由下文的“lettingthemunderstandeachotherbetter”可知，这里的意思是学习不同的文化能够促进与不同文化背景的人的关系，让彼此能够更加理解对方。]10．A.necessarily B．seriouslyC．actively D．proudlyC[依据语境可知，这能够帮助他们更主动地接受来自不同文化背景的人。]11．A.recognize B．ignoreC．face D．appreciateD[由语境可知，作者认为我们应当学会接受并学会观赏文化的差异。]12．A.possible B．simpleC．hard D．normalD[由后文的“notoneoftheexceptions”可知，对于和我们不同的文化，我们也会有更多的理解和观赏，这会变成一种非常正常的事情，而不是一个例外。]13．A.Nobody B．EveryoneC．Both D．SomeoneB[依据上下文的语境可知，这里是说不是每个人都是一样的，他们也不想一样。]14．A.If B．SinceC．Though D．AsA[依据语境可知，这里是在进行假设。假如我们都一样，那么你能想象人与人之间的关系将会多么无聊？]15．Aplicated B．boringC．funny D．interestingB[解析见上题。]Ⅳ.语法填空Chinesebrushcalligraphyor“shufa”inChineseisoneof1.mostimportantartformsinChina.ManyAsiancultureshaveoriginatedtheirowncalligraphystyles，butChina'sisunequaledbecauseof2.(it)beauty，grace,andhistory.The3.(origin)ofChinesebrushcalligraphyareunknown，butlocaltalessayitgoesbackover4，000yearstothetimeofthelegendary(传闻的)YellowEmperor(2698BC—2598BC).Atthattimecharacterswerecarvedonanimalbonesortortoiseshells.OnlyafterEmperorQinShiHuangunitedChinaunderhisrule4.onecountrydiditreallygainpopularityasacommonartform.HesimplifiedChinesecharactersandregularruleswereset，5.(make)iteasierforpeopletolearnandmaster.ThisChineseartformcontinuedtoprogressandduringtheTangDynasty(618AD—907AD)anewtypeofcursivescript(草书)wasformedandstandardized.Itiswritten6.(free)，butit'snotaseasytoread.TodayChinesecalligraphyisonceagainasubjectinschoolsandanartformhighly7.(appreciate)acrosstheworld.Anyonecanpracticeitand8.isrequiredisasimplesetincluding：brus