2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读 疾病话题 学案

高三英语培优外刊阅读外刊精选｜别怕，人类总能战胜疾病人类漫长的发展史，一直伴随着同疾病、病毒的抗争。虽然多次遭到侵害，但人类还是顽强地生存繁衍下来，并最终消灭了众多传染病。目前这场武汉的肺炎，是人类在现代医疗科学加持之下再次面临的大考；相信最终胜利之时，它也将被载入史册。Diseaseevolution:ourlonghistoryoffightingvirusesAvirusisessentiallyaninformationsystem(encodedinDNAorRNA)surroundedbyaprotectivecoatandshapedbyevolutiontoensureitsownreplicationandsurvival.Antiviraldrugstendtobeuniquefortheparticularvirus,orcloselyrelatedfamilyofviruses.Thishasmadethemmuchlessavailablethanantibacterialdrugs.Humanshaveadeephistoryofviralinfections,butotherthanthemolecularanalysisofcurrentorrecentlycirculatingpathogens,thedataisfragmentary.ThatmaychangeasresearchersprobemoreancientDNAfromEgyptianmummies,wherethereisevidenceoflethaltuberculosisandmalaria(neitherofwhichisviral)dating1,500to4,000yearsback.Theevidencesofarsuggestsmummiessufferedfromsmallpoxandpolio.Usingvaccinationandotherdiseasecontrolmeasures,wehaveeliminatedtwovirusinfectionsthathave,throughtheages,causedmassiveeconomicdamageandlossoflife:humansmallpox(1980)andbovinerinderpest(2011).Anotherscourge,polio,isclosetoeradication.Butproblemsremainwithvaccinecoverage(andthesafetyofthemedicalteams)inregionsthatareessentiallywarzones.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.evolution[

ˌiːvəˈluːʃən,evəˈluːʃən

]n.__________________________2.essentially[

ɪˈsenʃəli

]adv.__________________________3.replication[

ˌreplɪˈkeɪʃən

]n.__________________________4.antiviral[ˌæntiˈvaɪərəl]adj.__________________________5.molecular[məˈlekjələ]adj.__________________________6.fragmentary[

fræɡˈmentəri

]adj.__________________________7.probe[prəʊb]vt.__________________________8.smallpox[ˈsmɔːlpɒks]n__________________________9.polio[ˈpəʊliəʊ]n.__________________________10.humansmallpox__________________________11.scourge[

skɜːdʒ

]n.__________________________12.eradication[ɪˌrædɪˈkeɪʃən]n.__________________________13.vaccine[ˈvæksiːn]n.__________________________14.coverage[ˈkʌvərɪdʒ]n.__________________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.保护层__________________________2.抗细菌药物__________________________拓展练习阅读理解It’stheplacewheresmartpeoplemakesmartmachinesworkevensmarter.It’salsointheheartofsunnyCalifornia,agreatplacetostartafamilyandraisekids.Whatcouldbebetter?Butsomethingishappeningtotheirchildren.Upuntiltheageoftwotheydevelopnormally.Buttheneverythingseemstogobackwards.Thechildrenbecomelockedintotheirownsmallworld,unabletocommunicateatall.Theycallitthe“curse(诅咒)ofSiliconValley”,butthemedicalnamefortheconditionisautism(自闭症).Itusedtobethoughtthatautismwasakindofmentalillness.Nowdoctorsaresurethatitisaneurologicaldiseasepasseddowngenetically.Itseemsthatthepeopleleadingthecommunicationsrevolutionarehavingchildrenwhocannotcommunicateatall.Buteventheparentshavetroublecommunicating.Asperger’sSyndrome(综合征)isamildversionofautism.Peoplewhohaveitarehighlyintelligentandoftenbrilliantwithnumbersorsystembuthavenosocialskill.ThisverycombinationofsymptomsmakesAsperger’ssufferersintoperfectcomputerprofessionals.TheAsperger’ssuffererhasalwaysbeenawell—knownfigureinpopularculture.Heorshewastheabnormalbutdevotedscholarorthestrangeuncleorauntiewhonevermarried.ButthehighnumbersofsuchpeopleinSiliconValleymeanthattheycanmeetotherswhounderstandthemandsharetheirinterests.Andwhiletheymightnotbepersonallyattractive,theycanearntrulyattractiveamountsofmoney.Theycangetmarriedandhavekids.Unfortunately,manyofthechildrenoftwoAsperger’sparentsseemtobedevelopingseriousautism.Thereislittleanyonecando.Ittakeshoursofworkjusttomakeautisticchildrealizethatanyoneelseexists.Andthereisnocureinsight.Somearguethatnocureshouldbefound.“Itmaybethatautisticsareessentiallydifferentfromnormalpeople,butthatthesedifferencesmaketheminvaluablefortheevolution(进化)ofthehumanrace,”saysDr.KirkWhilhelmsenoftheUniversityofCalifornia.“Togetridofthegenesforautismcouldbeextremelybad.’’ItseemsthatthechildrenofSiliconValleyarepayingthepriceofgenius.16.Whatcanwelearnaboutautismaccordingtothepassage?A.Peoplewithautismdonotcareaboutthepresenceofothers.B.Peoplewithautismcan’tfindpeoplesharingtheirinterests.C.Itisbelievedtobeakindofmentalillnessthatcanbecured.D.Theyareaburdenforthesociety.17.Whydopeoplecallautism“curseofSiliconValley”?A.BecauseautisticpeopleliveinSiliconValley.B.BecausepeoplewithautismwillbedrivenoutofSiliconValley.C.BecausemanypeopleworkinginSiliconValleyhaveautismchildren.D.Becausepeoplewithautismarenotpersonallyattractiveandnotlikedbyothers.18.WhatcanweknowaboutAsperger’sSyndromeaccordingtothepassage?A.Asperger’ssufferersnevergetmarriedorhavechildren.B.Asperger’ssufferersareperfectcomputerprofessionals.C.Asperger’ssufferersareashamedofthemselvesandlockedintotheirownworld.D.Asperger’ssuffererscanbebeneficialtosocietyiftheyarecured.19.WhatdoesDrKirkWhilhelmsenthinkofautism?A.Itisnotcompletelyabadthing.B.Itisharmfultosociety.C.ItisapunishmenttothoseworkinginSiliconValley.D.Peoplewithautismshouldnevermarry.外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.evolution[

ˌiːvəˈluːʃən,evəˈluːʃən

]n.进化2.essentially[

ɪˈsenʃəli

]adv.本质上，根本上，基本上3.replication[

ˌreplɪˈkeɪʃən

]n.复制4.antiviral[ˌæntiˈvaɪərəl]adj.抗病毒的5.molecular[məˈlekjələ]adj.分子的6.fragmentary[

fræɡˈmentəri

]adj.零星的，不完整的7.probe[prəʊb]vt.探查，探测8.smallpox[ˈsmɔːlpɒks]n.天花9.polio[ˈpəʊliəʊ]n.脊髓灰质炎10.humansmall