专题03被动语态

专题03被动语态01品读语篇初识语法被动语态ThisisthethirdtimeIhavebeenhere.Allvisitorstothistown①are

treatedwithkindness.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.Thetownlifehaschangedgreatlysince1992.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhich②were

thrown

awayinthepast.TheTownHallwhich③was

completedinthe1800'swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthetownandalotoffactories④have

been

set

up.Thechurchtowerwhich⑤is

being

restoredwillbeopentotouristssoon,becausethework⑥will

be

finished.1．一般现在时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are＋过去分词，如加黑处____。2．一般过去时的被动语态的构成是：was/were＋过去分词，如加黑处_____。3．现在进行时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/arebeing＋过去分词，如加黑处_____。4．现在完成时的被动语态的构成是：have/hasbeen＋过去分词，如加黑处______。5．一般将来时的被动语态的构成是：will/shallbe＋过去分词，如加黑处_____。①②③⑤④⑥02要义详析探究语法一、基本知识(一)概念语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。(二)构成被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。(三)用法1．讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)*Mybikewas

stolenlastnight.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。2．借助被动的动作突出动作的受动者。*Thebikewas

knocked

downbyanaughtyboy.这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。3．为使句子更加合理、流畅。*Theplanwas

supportedbythosewhowishedtoliveonthecampus.这项计划得到了希望住在校内的人的支持。4．习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born、determine、devote、seat、dress、situate等。*Hewas

borninChinain2017.他于2017年出生在中国。[即时演练1]——单句语法填空(1)Ifnothing_______(do)，theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.(2)Theoldtower_________(build)in1976andisnowstillinagoodstate.(3)—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicants_______________(interview)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.isdonewasbuiltareinterviewed二、形式时态名称被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are＋过去分词一般过去时was/were＋过去分词一般将来时will/shall＋be＋过去分词过去将来时would＋be＋过去分词现在进行时am/is/are＋being＋过去分词过去进行时was/were＋being＋过去分词现在完成时have/has＋been＋过去分词过去完成时had＋been＋过去分词*Theboyis

often

heardtoplaythepiano.人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。*Shewas

seentoenterthehall.有人看见她进了大厅。*Anewhousewill

be

builtbyusnextyear.明年我们要建一栋新房子。*Theproblemis

being

discussedatthemeeting.会议上正在讨论这个问题。*Ameetingwas

being

heldwhenIarrivedthere.我到那儿时，正在开会。*Alltheseflowershave

been

watered.这些花都浇过了。*Thebuildinghad

been

completedbeforeIarrivedthere.在我到那之前那座建筑就已竣工了。*Thesebooksmay

be

keptfortwoweeks.这些书可以借两周。

被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。*Shegot

hurtonherwaybackhome.她在回家的路上受伤了。[温馨提示][即时演练2]——单句语法填空(1)Itissaidthatthisnewshop_________(build)inourschoollastyear.(2)Aconcert____________(hold)soonatwhichtheworksofLisztwillbeplayed.(3)—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone________(hurt).wasbuiltwillbeheldwashurt三、被动语态的注意事项1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look、sound、feel、smell、taste、prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。*Thefoodtastes

delicious.这食物味道鲜美。*Thecottonfeels

soft.棉花摸上去很软。(2)表示主语的某种属性或特征的动词，如open、shut、lock、sell、write、wash、start习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常伴有一个修饰语。*Thiskindofclothwashes

well.这种布好洗。*Theenginewon'tstart.引擎发动不起来。(3)need、want、require、deserve等动词作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的v.-ing形式表示被动含义。*Theplanrequired

discussing.这项计划需要讨论。2．不用被动语态的几种情况(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear、die、disappear、rise、end、fail、happen、last、remain、spread、breakout、cometrue、fallasleep、loseheart、takeplace等。*Thepricehas

risen.价格升高了。*Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.事故是上周发生的。

要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些动词是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。[温馨提示](2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit、have、marry、own、wish、cost、notice、watch、agreewith、arriveat/in、shakehandswith、succeedin、sufferfrom、happento、takepartin、walkinto、belongto。*Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙适合这把锁。*Yourstoryagrees

withwhatheheard.你的故事与他听到的相符。[即时演练3]——单句语法填空(1)Thischeese___________(notcut)easily.It'stoosoft.(2)Theflowersinthegardenneed________(water).(3)Youridea______(sound)agoodone.

doesn'tcutwateringsounds03课堂微练即时检验Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thelittlehome___________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.2．And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood__________(need).3．Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulations__________________(employ)onlysincethemid-1980s.4．Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic__________(call)galleriesorrooms.waspaintedwasneededhavebeenemployedarecalled5．Whenfatandsalt___________(remove)fromfood,thefood______(taste)asifitismissingsomething.6．(2021·全国甲卷)It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).7．Itmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct).areremovedtasteswasbuiltisconstructed8．Mywashingmachine_________________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.9．Shewassaid____________________(charge)withdrunkdriving.10．Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we____________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.isbeingrepairedisbeingrepairedwereinvitedⅡ.语法与写作(用被动语态完成句子)1．据报道，济南正在建造一些新的地铁线路。Itis