心脏病学英语

演讲人：日期：心脏病学英语目录BasicConceptsandClassificationofCardiologyCardiacAnatomyandPhysicalFundamentalsCoronaryatheroscleroticheartdiseaseDiagnosisandtreatmentstrategiesforarrhythmiaPathophysiologyandtreatmentprogressofheartfailureDiagnosisandsurgicalindicationsforheartvalvedisease01BasicConceptsandClassificationofCardiologyHeartdiseasereferstoanydisorderthataffectstheheart'sstructureorfunctionCommoncausesofheartdiseaseincludecongenitalheartdefects,coronaryarterydisease,valvularheartdisease,cardiovasculardisease,andarrhythmiaRiskfactorsforheartdiseaseincludehypertension,diabetes,obesity,smoking,lakeofexercise,andunhealthydietDefinitionandcausesofheartdiseaseABCDIntroductiontoCommonTypesofHeartDiseaseCoronaryArtDisease(CAD)NarrowingorblockingofthecoronaryartsthatsupplybloodtotheheartmuscleCardiopathyDiseasesoftheheartmusclethataffectsitssize,shape,andfunctionValvularHeartDiseaseInvolvesdamageordysfunctionofoneormoreoftheheart'svalvesRhythmiaAbnormalheartrhythmsthatcancausethehearttobeattoofast,tooslow,orirregularlyCommonsymptomsofheartdiseaseincludechestpain,shortnessofbreadth,fatigue,dizziness,andaffiliationsDiagnosticmethodsforheartdiseaseincludephysicalexamination,electrocardiogram(ECG),echocardiogram,stresstest,andcardiaccatalysisBloodtestssuchasliveprofile,bloodsugar,andcardiacenzymescanalsobeusedtoassistinthediagnosisofheartdiseaseClinicalpresentationsanddiagnosticmethodsPreventivemeasuresandimportance01Preventivemeasuresforheartdiseaseincludemaintainingahealthylifestyle,managingriskfactors,andregularcheckups02Ahealthylifestyleincludesabalanceddie,regularexercise,smokingtreatment,andmodelinginalcoholconsumption03Managingriskfactorssuchastensionanddiamondscansignificantlyreducetheriskofdevelopingheartdisease04Regularcheckupscanhelpdetectheartdiseaseearlyandallowfortimelytreatmentandmanagement02CardiacAnatomyandPhysicalFundamentalsLocation01Theheartislocatedinthemediastinumofthethermalactivity,betweenthelungsandslightlytotheleftMorphology02Theheartisamuscularorganicwithaconelikeshape,composedoffourchambers:twoatriaandtwoventuresStructuralcharacteristics03Theheartwalliscomposedofthreelayers:theEpicardium,Myocardium,andEndocardiumTheheartvalvesensureunidirectionalbloodflowLocation,morphology,andstructuralcharacteristicsoftheheartMyocardialcellsarethecontractingcellsoftheheart,responsibleforitspumpingfunctionTheyarelong,cyclical,andbranchedCompositionMyocardialcellscontractrhythmicallytopumpbloodthroughthebody,promotingthenecessaryoxygenandnutrientstoissuesandorganizationsFunctionCompositionandfunctionofmyocardialcellsAnatomyThecardiacconductionsystemiscomposedofspecializedcellsthatgenerateandconductelectricalinputs,initiatingandcoordinatingtheheart'scontractsPhysiologyThecardiacconductionsystemensuresthattheheartcontractsinacoordinatedandeffectiveManner,maintainingaregularheartbeatandbloodpressureAnatomyandPhysiologyoftheCardiacConductionSystemVSBloodenterstheheartthroughthevenacavaandispumpedintothelungsforoxygenOxygenbloodreturnstotheheartandispumpedtothebodythroughtheaortaRegulatorymechanismsThebodyregulatesbloodcirculationthroughneuralandhormonalmechanismsthatcontrolheartrate,strokevolume,andbloodvesseldiameterThesemechanismsensurethatbloodflowmeetsthebody'schangingneedsBloodcirculationpathBloodcirculationpathsandregulatorymechanisms03CoronaryatheroscleroticheartdiseasePathogenesisCoronaryatheroscleroticheartdisease(CHD)iscausedbythenarrowingorblockingofthecoronaryartsduetotheaccumulationofatheroscleroticplaques,leadingtoinsufficientbloodsupplytothemycocordiumandresultinginmycocordialischemiaandhypoxiaRiskfactorsThemainriskfactorsforCHDincludehypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking,obesity,lakeofexercise,unhealthydiet,familyhistory,andpsychologicalfactorsThepathogenesandriskfactorsofcoronaryheartdiseaseClinicalpresentationsandclassificationcriteriaThemainsymptomsofCHDincludechestpain,shortnessofbread,pulpits,andfatigueInmultiplecases,itmayleadtomyocardialinfarction,heartfailure,andevensuddendeathClinicalpresentationsCHDcanbeclassifiedintostableangelaspectator,unstableangelaspectator,nonSTsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarction,andSTsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarctionaccordingtotheclinicalpresentationsandelectrocardiogramchangesClassificationcriteriaDiagnosticmethodsThediagnosisofCHDmainlydependsonthepatient'smedicalhistory,physicalexamination,electrocardiogram,echocardiography,coronaryangiography,andotherrelatedexaminationsDifferentialdiagnosticideasWhendiagnosingCHD,itisnecessarytoexcludeotherdiseasesthatmaycausesimilarsymptoms,suchaspulmonaryheartdisease,physiologicaldisease,valvularheartdisease,andcongenitalheartdiseaseDiagnosticmethodsanddifferentialdiagnosticideasThetreatmentofCHDshouldbeindividualizedaccordingtothepatient'sconditionandriskfactorsItmainlyincludesdrugtherapy,percutaneouscoronaryintervention(PCI),andcoronaryarterybypassgrafting(CABG)TreatmentplanselectionTheeffectofthetreatmentplanshouldbeevaluatedregularlyaccordingtothepatient'ssymptoms,electrocardiogramchanges,andotherrelatedindicatorsIfthetreatmentisineffective,thetreatmentplanshouldbeadjustedintimeEffectevaluationTreatmentplanselectionandeffectivenessevaluation04DiagnosisandtreatmentstrategiesforarrhythmiaClassificationandmechanismofarrhythmiaClassificationArsythmiacanbeclassifiedintosuperiorarrythmia,veterinaryarrythmia,andbradyarrythiaaccordingtothesiteoforiginMechanismThemechanismofarrhythmiamainlyincludesimpulseformationanomaly,impulseconductionanomaly,oracombinationofbothClinicalpresentationsCommonsymbolsofarrhythmiasincludingpetitions,chesttightness,dizziness,andevensyndrome0102AustralianexaminationmethodsElectrocardiogram(ECG),Holtermonitoring,andcardiacelectrophysiologyexaminationarecommonlyusedtodiagnosearrhythmiaClinicalpresentationsandauxiliaryexaminationmethodsTheselectionofantagonisticdrugsshouldbebasedonthetypeofarrhythmia,theseverityofthecondition,andthepatient'sspecificsituationDuringdrugtreatment,attentionshouldbepaidtomonitoringthepatient'svitalsignsandECGchanges,andadjustingmedicationdosageorchangingmedicationinatimelymanneraccordingtothepatient'sresponseandtolerancePrinciplesPrecautionsPrinciplesandprecautionsfordrugtreatmentCatheterexplanationItisacommonlyusednonpharmacologicaltreatmentmethodforarrhythmia,whichcaneffectivelyidentifytheoriginofarrhythmiaandimprovethepatient'sdiagnosisPacemakerimplementationForpatientswithbradyarrhythmia,Pacemakerimplementationcanbeconsideredtoimprovethepatient'sheartrateandsymptomsSurgicaltreatmentInsomespecialcases,surgicaltreatmentmayberequired,suchasthesectionofthecardiovascularautonomicnerveorthesectionofthearrhythmicfocusIntroductiontoNonpharmacologicalTreatmentMethods05PathophysiologyandtreatmentprogressofheartfailureDefinitionHeartfailure(HF)referstoacomplexclinicalsyndromeinwhichtheheart'spumpingfunctionispaid,leadingtoinsufficientbloodsupplytomeetthemetabolicneedsofthebody'sissuesandorgansClassificationcriteriaHFcanbeclassifiedbasedonthelocationoftheaffectedvehicle(leftside,rightside,orbiological),therejectionfraction(reducedorpreserved),andtheunderlyingcause(Islamic,hypertensive,valuable,etc.)DefinitionandclassificationcriteriaforheartfailurePathologicalchangesHFinvestmentsstructuralandfunctionalchangesintheheart,includingvehicularremodelling,myocardialfibrosis,andchangesinmyocardialmetabolismPhysicalchangesHFischaracterizedbydecreasedcardiacoutput,increasedvehicularfillingpressures,andactivationofneurohormonalsystemssuchasthereninangiotensinaldosteronesystem(RAAS)andthesympatheticnervoussystemClinicalpresentationsSymptomsofHFmayincludedyspnea,fatigue,fluidretention,andexerciseintegritySignsmayincludeelevatedjugularvenouspressure,pulmonaryrails,andperipheraledemaPhysiologicalandphysiologicalchangesandclinicalpresentationsDiagnosticprocessThediagnosisofHFisbasedonacombinationofclinicalhistory,physicalexamination,andlaboratoryandimagingtestsAustralianexaminationmethodsCommontestsusedinthediagnosisofHFincludingelectrocardiography(ECG),chestradiation,echocardiography,bloodtests(e.g.,BNP,NTproBNP),andcardiaccatalysisDiagnosticprocessandauxiliaryexaminationmethodsThechoiceofdrugsforHFdependsontheunderlyingcaus