江苏省南通市海安市2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省南通市海安市2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面的5段对话。每段对话后都有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whycan’tthewomanenterthepalacerightnow?A.Heronlineticketdoesn’twork.B.Theartworksarenotreadyyet.C.Therearetoomanypeopleinside.2.Whatdayisittoday?A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Sunday.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thenextschoolfieldtrip.B.Studyplansfornextsemester.C.Classdiscussionthisafternoon.4.Howdoesthemanwanttohelpwildlifepopulations?A.Bybuildingnewhabitats.B.Bycreatingsafefoodsupplies.C.Bystoppingkillingwildlifeanimals.5.Whatmightthemanbe?A.Aforestguide.B.Aparkworker.C.Abusinessdeveloper.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whichroomwillthewomanstayin?A.Room204.B.Room201.C.Room422.7.Howdothespeakersknoweachotherprobably?A.Theyarebusinesspartners.B.Thewomanisaregularguestattheman’shotel.C.Thewomanisaguesttotheman’swedding.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Howdidthewomanthinkthemanlookedinthecompetition?A.Stress-free.B.Absent-minded.C.Aim-centered.9.Whatwillthemandothisautumn?A.EnteraPing-Pongcompetition.B.Takeonanewjob.C.Watchgamesathome.10.Whatadvicedoesthemangivetohisfans?A.Nopains,nogains.B.Pursuewhattheywant.C.Setafutureplan.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onawebsite.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookshop.12.Whatisthebookthemanislookingforabout?A.Acountry.B.Poems.C.Apoet.13.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Contactalocalbooktrader.B.Checksomewebsites.C.Giveupinhissearch.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onatrain.B.Attheticketoffice.C.Inanewspaperoffice.15.Whydoesthewomandislikereadingnewspapers?A.Theyareold-fashioned.B.Theyareinconvenient.C.Theydon’tconsiderallsidesofastory.16.Whatdoesthewomanplantodonext?A.Playwithherphone.B.Readabook.C.Takeanap.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhenwastheBeijingSummerPalaceManagementOfficeestablished?A.TheyearwhentheSummerPalacewasbuilt.B.Over70yearsafterthecompletionoftheSummerPalace.C.TheyearwhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.18.Whichdepartmentdoesthespeakerworkin?A.Thehistoricalstudiesdepartment.B.Thesecurityandprotectiondepartment.C.Theculturalheritageconservationdepartment.19.Howdoesthespeakerspendmostofhistimeeveryday?A.Doingresearch.B.Takingphotos.C.Writingdiaries.20.Whatdoesthespeakerintendtodowithhisbook?A.Toremindmorepeoplenottoforgetthehistory.B.TokeepthePalace’sculturalsignificanceinformed.C.ToattractmorepeopletocometotheSummerPalace.第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEssayContest—TeensMakeaDifference!Nomatteryourageorwhatyourlifeconsistsofyoucanalwaysmakeadifference.TeenInkknowsthis,andsodoesNatalieSilverstein—authorofSimpleActs:TheBusyTeen’sGuidetoMakingaDifference.Forthiscontest,wewanttoknowwhatsimple（ornotsosimple）actsyou’vedonetomakeadifference!Deadline:November1st,2024Rules:●Youmustbeateen（aged13-19）registering（注册）withTeenInk.●Noinappropriatecontent.●Entries（参赛作品）mustrelatetothetopic.●Essaysmustbebetween250-350words.GuidelinesandDetails:●Thereisnosizelimittoanactofkindness—itdoesn’tmatterhowbigorsmallyouractofkindnessis.Wewanttohearaboutit!●Thereisnolimittothenumberofpiecesyoucansubmit（提交）.●SubmityourpieceasNONFICTIONandPERSONALEXPERIENCE—Whensubmittingyourcontestentry,select“Nonfiction”asthegenreand“PersonalExperience”asthesubgenre.HowtoSubmit:●Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.AllentriessubmittedtoTeenInkareconsideredforthecontest.●Mustincludethewords“EssayContest”inyoursubmission’stagsandtitle.Prizes:●ThewinnersandhonorablementionswillhavetheiressayspublishedinTeenInkmagazine.●TheoverallwinnerwillreceiveacopyofNatalieSilverstein’sbook,SimpleActs:TheBusyTeen’sGuidetoMakingaDifferenceanda$25Amazongiftcard.1.Whocanparticipateinthecontest?A.Lucy,a20-year-oldeditorofamagazine.B.Jack,acollegegraduatemajoringinliterature.C.Jenny,a12-year-oldgirlfondofwritingessays.D.Susan,ahighschoolstudentwithaTeenInkaccount.2.Thecontestsetsnolimiton______.A.thenumberofentries B.theformofessaysC.thewordcountofessays D.themainthemeofentries3.Whatwillyougetifyoureceiveanhonorablemention?A.AcopyofSimpleActs. B.TeenInkmagazine’sinterview.C.Achancetohavetheessaypublished. D.AcardwithNatalieSilverstein’ssignature.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了一个征文比赛的相关信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Rules中的“Youmustbeateen（aged13-19）registering（注册）withTeenInk.(您必须是在teenInk注册的青少年（13-19岁)”可知，参赛者必须是13到19岁的青少年，并且注册了TeenInk账户。选项D的Susan符合条件。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据GuidelinesandDetails中的“Thereisnolimittothenumberofpiecesyoucansubmit（提交）(你可以提交的作品数量没有限制)”可知，可知，参赛作品的数量没有限制。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Prizes中的“ThewinnersandhonorablementionswillhavetheiressayspublishedinTeenInkmagazine(获奖者和荣誉奖获得者的文章将发表在TeenInk杂志上)可知，获得荣誉提名的参赛者的文章将会在TeenInk杂志上发表。故选C项。BWhenitcomestoanartgallery,acaveseemsastrangechoice.Manyancientcavepaintings,whichmarkthefirstknownexamplesofartworkbyprehistoricalhumans,aresodeepunderthegroundthatitwouldhavetakenextraordinaryefforttoviewthem.So,ifyou’reanancientartist,whatmightinspireyoutopaintscenesoflife?Asitturnsout,Israeliarchaeologistsmayhavefiguredouttheanswer.Theartistsweretripping—literally.Accordingtoanewpaperin“TimeandMind:TheJournalofArchaeology,ConsciousnessandCulture”,thehumanswhoventuredintotheseundergroundplacesduringtheUpperPaleolithic(50,000to12,000yearsago)wouldhaveneededtolighttorchesinordertoseewhattheyweredoing.Intheprocess,theywouldhavereducedtheamountofoxygeninthecaves,inducinghypoxia(缺氧)intheirbrains.That,inturn,wouldhaveputtheminastateofchangedconsciousness,experiencingexcitement,out-of-bodyexperiencesandevenhallucinations(幻觉).Thesedifferentstatesofconsciousnesscouldhavebeenacauseforcreatingcaveartseenasawaytocommunicatewiththingsontheothersideofthewall.“Wediscussthesignificanceofcavesinlocalworldviewsandclaimthatenteringthesedeep,darkenvironmentswasaconsciouschoice,motivatedbyanunderstandingofthetransformativenatureofanunderground,oxygen-lackspace,”theauthorswrite.Theresearcherssuggestthatcavesandrocksheltersarelikelytohavebeenviewedasdoorstoanundergroundworldassociatedwithprosperityandgrowth.Theyindicatethattherockfacewasseenasa“tissue”connectingthehereandnowandtheworldbeyond,“allowingearlyhumanstomaintaintheirconnectednesswiththeuniverse”.Thehumanswhousedthemwouldhaveviewedthecavesassacred(神圣的)spaces,locationsthatdeservedaweandrespect.“Itwasnotthedecorationthatdemonstratedthesignificanceofcaves,”theauthorswrite.“Rather,thesignificanceofthechosencaveswasthereasonfortheirdecoration.”4.Whatdoestheauthorthink“Theartistsweretripping.”?A.Theypaintedinaconfusedstateofmind.B.Theyhadnofixedsettlementtocreateart.C.Theyattemptedtocreateanewpaintingstyle.D.Theirinspirationofpaintingcamefromthetrips.5.Howdidtheresearchersviewcavesandrockshelters’roleinearlyhumans’lives?A.Theyofferedthemhidingplaces. B.Theyweretheirspiritualgateways.C.Theyweretheirsourcesofcreativity. D.Theystoodforprosperityandgrowth.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Artcreationontherocksmadethecavesmoreimportant.B.Thecavesthemselvesmatteredcomparedtotheartcreation.C.Itwasrathertoughforartiststochoosethecavesforpainting.D.Thecavesdecoratedwithpaintingsremindedpeopleofthepast.7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Theearliestartforminhumancivilization. B.ThesignificanceofcavesinIsraeli.C.TheintroductiontocavepaintingsinIsraeli. D.Ancientartists’waytoexploretheworld.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列考古学家的研究发现，他们认为早期人类在洞穴中创作艺术的灵感源于迷幻体验，他们在洞穴中摸黑行动，需要点燃火把，使得洞穴中的氧气减少，引发了缺氧，进而导致他们产生兴奋、出窍体验和幻觉等迷幻体验。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Intheprocess,theywouldhavereducedtheamountofoxygeninthecaves,inducinghypoxia(缺氧)intheirbrains.That,inturn,wouldhaveputtheminastateofchangedconsciousness,experiencingexcitement,out-of-bodyexperiencesandevenhallucinations(幻觉).Thesedifferentstatesofconsciousnesscouldhavebeenacauseforcreatingcaveartseenasawaytocommunicatewiththingsontheothersideofthewall.(这反过来又会使他们处于一种意识改变的状态，经历兴奋、出窍甚至幻觉。这些不同的意识状态可能是创造洞穴艺术的原因，被视为与墙另一边的事物交流的一种方式。)”可知，他们在这种迷幻状态下，可能会将洞穴视为与另一个世界进行沟通的方式，从而创作出了洞穴艺术。所以，可以推断出“Theartistsweretripping”是指他们的创作灵感来源于他们的迷幻体验，这是他们故意在寻找一种新的绘画方式。故选D项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theresearcherssuggestthatcavesandrocksheltersarelikelytohavebeenviewedasdoorstoanundergroundworldassociatedwithprosperityandgrowth.Theyindicatethattherockfacewasseenasa“tissue”connectingthehereandnowandtheworldbeyond,“allowingearlyhumanstomaintaintheirconnectednesswiththeuniverse”.Thehumanswhousedthemwouldhaveviewedthecavesassacred(神圣的)spaces,locationsthatdeservedaweandrespect.(研究人员认为，洞穴和岩石庇护所很可能被视为通往地下世界的大门，与繁荣和增长有关。他们指出，岩石表面被视为连接此时此地和未来世界的“组织”，“允许早期人类保持与宇宙的联系”。使用它们的人会把洞穴视为神圣的空间，值得敬畏和尊重的地方。)”可推知，研究人员认为洞穴和岩洞在早期人类的生活中扮演了精神门户的角色。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Itwasnotthedecorationthatdemonstratedthesignificanceofcaves,”theauthorswrite.“Rather,thesignificanceofthechosencaveswasthereasonfortheirdecoration.”(“并不是这些装饰显示了洞穴的重要性，”作者写道。“更确切地说，选择洞穴的意义是它们装饰的原因。”)”可推知，洞穴本身的重要性要高于洞穴中的画作，这也是为什么这些洞穴被赋予了深厚的历史和文化价值。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Whenitcomestoanartgallery,acaveseemsastrangechoice.Manyancientcavepaintings,whichmarkthefirstknownexamplesofartworkbyprehistoricalhumans,aresodeepunderthegroundthatitwouldhavetakenextraordinaryefforttoviewthem.(说到艺术画廊，洞穴似乎是一个奇怪的选择。许多古代洞穴壁画标志着史前人类艺术作品的第一个已知例子，它们埋藏在地下很深的地方，要想看到它们需要付出极大的努力。)”可知，文章的主要内容是关于洞穴艺术，这是人类最早的艺术形式。文章介绍了以色列考古学家的研究发现，他们认为早期人类在洞穴中创作艺术的灵感源于迷幻体验，他们在洞穴中摸黑行动，需要点燃火把，使得洞穴中的氧气减少，引发了缺氧，进而导致他们产生兴奋、出窍体验和幻觉等迷幻体验。他们在这种迷幻状态下，可能会将洞穴视为与另一个世界进行沟通的方式，从而创作出了洞穴艺术。因此，可以推断出文章主要讨论的是人类最早的艺术形式，即洞穴艺术。故选D项。CInamoveaimedatreducinggreenhousegasemissionstohelpfighttheglobalclimatecrisis,theDutchcityofHaarlemissettobecomethefirstintheworldtobanadvertisementsformeat.Beginningin2024,advertisementsformeatwillbeforbiddenonbuses,shelters,orscreensinHaarlem’spublicspaces.AccordingtoTheGuardian,athirdofallemissionscontributingtoglobalheatingcomefromfoodproduction,withmeatproducingdoublethepollutionofplant-basedfoods.Forestsareclearedtomakewayforanimalpastures(牧草地),andnitrogen-richfertilizersthathelpgrowplantstofeedanimalscandamagetheozonelayer(臭氧层),aswellascreatewaterpollution.Animalsalsoproducelargequantitiesofgreenhousegases.“Meatisjustasharmfultotheenvironmentasfossilfuels,andwecan’ttellcitizensthere’saclimatecrisisandatthesametimeencouragethemtobuyproductsthatarepartofthecause,”saidZiggyKlazes,acouncillorfortheGroenLinksparty.“Itisasignal,ifthebanispickedupnationally,thatwouldonlybeverynice,”sheadded.However,themeatsectorandsomeorganisationsweren’tpleasedwiththeban.AspokespersonfortheCentralOrganisationfortheMeatSectorarguedthebanwasanissueoffreespeech.Despitethedisagreementsaboutthebanfromcritics,themovemaydothetrick.Forexample,taxesonsugarydrinkstohelpcontrolobesityratesinCaliforniacities,includingBerkeleyandSanFrancisco,alsoreceivedpushbackwhentheyfirstlaunched.Inpractice,however,Berkeleyreporteda21%decreaseinconsumptionjustayearfollowingthetax.Afterthreeyears,theconsumptionofsugarydrinksdroppedto50%andmineralwaterincreasedby29%.Aplant-baseddietisprobablythebiggestwaytoreduceyourimpactonEarth,notjustgreenhousegases,butglobalacidification,landuse,wateruse,etc.8.WhywasthemeatadvertisementbannedinHaarlem?A.Toadvocateaplant-baseddiet. B.Tohelpdealwithclimateissues.C.Toimprovethequalityofmeat. D.Tobeautifytheimageofthecity.9.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecausesofwaterpollution. B.Theprocessofmeatproduction.C.Themajorreasonforglobalheating. D.Thenegativeimpactofmeatproduction.10.WhatisZiggyKlazes’attitudetowardstheban?A.Doubtful. B.Unclear. C.Hesitant. D.Favorable.11.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinparagraph4?A.Topromotezero-sugardrinks. B.Toprovetheeffectivenessoftheban.C.Toconfirmtheimpactofthehumandiet. D.Tocallforhighertaxesonmeatproduction.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了荷兰城市哈勒姆将成为世界上第一个禁止肉类广告的城市，此举旨在减少温室气体排放，以应对全球气候危机。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Inamoveaimedatreducinggreenhousegasemissionstohelpfighttheglobalclimatecrisis,theDutchcityofHaarlemissettobecomethefirstintheworldtobanadvertisementsformeat.Beginningin2024,advertisementsformeatwillbeforbiddenonbuses,shelters,orscreensinHaarlem’spublicspaces.(为了减少温室气体排放，帮助应对全球气候危机，荷兰哈勒姆市将成为世界上第一个禁止肉类广告的城市。从2024年开始，肉类广告将被禁止出现在哈勒姆的公共汽车、庇护所或公共场所的屏幕上)”可知，哈勒姆禁止肉类广告是为了帮助应对气候问题。故选B。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“AccordingtoTheGuardian,athirdofallemissionscontributingtoglobalheatingcomefromfoodproduction,withmeatproducingdoublethepollutionofplant-basedfoods.Forestsareclearedtomakewayforanimalpastures(牧草地),andnitrogen-richfertilizersthathelpgrowplantstofeedanimalscandamagetheozonelayer(臭氧层),aswellascreatewaterpollution.Animalsalsoproducelargequantitiesofgreenhousegases.(据《卫报》报道，导致全球变暖的排放中有三分之一来自食品生产，肉类产生的污染是植物性食品的两倍。森林被砍伐为动物牧场让路，而帮助种植植物喂养动物的富氮肥料会破坏臭氧层，并造成水污染。动物也会产生大量的温室气体)”可知，第二段主要讲了肉类生产的负面影响。故选D。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Meatisjustasharmfultotheenvironmentasfossilfuels,andwecan’ttellcitizensthere’saclimatecrisisandatthesametimeencouragethemtobuyproductsthatarepartofthecause(肉类对环境的危害和化石燃料一样大，我们不能一边告诉市民有气候危机，一边鼓励他们购买与气候危机有关的产品)”可知，ZiggyKlazes的这句话表明了他对这项禁令是赞成的，因为他认为肉类对环境有害，而这项禁令是在减少肉类广告。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Despitethedisagreementsaboutthebanfromcritics,themovemaydothetrick.Forexample,taxesonsugarydrinkstohelpcontrolobesityratesinCaliforniacities,includingBerkeleyandSanFrancisco,alsoreceivedpushbackwhentheyfirstlaunched.Inpractice,however,Berkeleyreporteda21%decreaseinconsumptionjustayearfollowingthetax.Afterthreeyears,theconsumptionofsugarydrinksdroppedto50%andmineralwaterincreasedby29%.(尽管批评人士对禁令存在分歧，但此举可能会奏效。例如，对含糖饮料征税以帮助控制加州城市（包括伯克利和旧金山）的肥胖率，在首次推出时也遭到了抵制。然而，在实践中，伯克利报告说，在征税后仅一年，消费量就下降了21%。三年后，含糖饮料的消费量下降到50%，矿泉水的消费量增加了29%)”可知，作者提到这个例子是为了证明哈勒姆禁止肉类广告这一禁令可能会像对含糖饮料征税一样有效。故选B。DWhileMattDamonreliedonpotatoescultivatedinbiowastetosurviveinthehitfilmTheMartian,theresearcherssayitisahumbledesertmoss（藓类）thatmightprovecrucialtoestablishinglifeonMars.ScientistsinChinasaytheyhavefoundSyntrichiacaninervis—amossfoundinAntarcticanddesert—isabletobearMars-likeconditions,includingdrought,highlevelsofradiationandextremecold.Themosswasabletoregenerateundernormalgrowthconditionsafterspendinguptofiveyearsat-80℃andupto30daysat-196℃,andafterexposuretogammarays,withdosesofaround500Gyevenpromotingnewgrowth.Theteamthencreatedaset-upthathadsimilarpressures,temperatures,gasesandUVradiationtoMars.ItfoundthemosssurvivedinthisMars-likeenvironment,andwasabletoregenerateundernormalgrowthconditions,evenaftersevendaysofexposure.“Theseexperimentsrepresentanimportantfirststep,buttheydonotshowthatthemosscouldbeasignificantsourceofoxygenunderMartianconditions,nordotheyshowthatthedesertmosscouldreproduceintheMartiancontext,”McDanielsaid.“Implyingthatmoss,oranyotherpioneeringspecies,isreadytoterraform（行星地球化）Mars,oranyotherouterplanet,isanoverstatement.”Zupanskaadded.Dr.WigerofWageningenUniversity,alsoraisedconcerns,includingthattemperaturesontheredplanetrarelygotabovefreezing,makingoutdoorplantgrowthimpossible,whilethenewstudydidnotuseMars-likesoil.“ThemossesweretreatedunderMarscircumstancesforamaximumofseveraldaysandthenregrownunderEarthconditionsonsand,”hesaid.“This,ofcourse,doesn’tshowatalltheycangrowunderMarsconditions.”However,Prof.EdwardGuinanofVillanovaUniversityintheUSdescribedthestudyasimpressive.“ThisextremotolerantmosscouldpromisetobeapioneerplantforMarscolonization,”hesaid,althoughhenotedthemosswouldneedwatertogrow.“Wehavealotofthingstodo,”hesaid.“ButthislowlydesertmossoffershopeformakingsmallportionsofMarshabitableforhumankindinthefuture.”12.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebymentioningthepotatoes?A.Thepotatoesplayedacrucialroleinthefilm.B.ThemossledtosurvivalofthepotatoesonMars.C.ThemossmaysurviveonMarslikethesepotatoes.D.Thesuccessofthefilmresultedfromtheplotaboutpotatoes.13.WhatcanbeimpliedfromwhatMcDanielandZupanskasaid?A.ThemosshasalongwaytobeaMartianplant.B.ItisunlikelythattheearthspeciescangrowonMars.C.Theexperimentsaboutthemosswereacompletesuccess.D.TheywillresearchintoreproducingthemossintheMartiancontext.14.Whichoneisrightaboutthecharacteristicofthemossinthetext?A.Resistanttowater. B.AdaptabletoMartiansoil.C.CapableofproducingoxygenonMars. D.RegenerativeunderEarthcondition.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.CanMarsactuallybecomeasecondEarth?B.Canscientistscreateaset-upsimilartoMars?C.CanamossbecomeapioneerlivingonMars?D.CanresearchersmakeittoMarscolonization?【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章的主要内容是探讨苔藓是否能成为火星上的先锋生物。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhileMattDamonreliedonpotatoescultivatedinbiowastetosurviveinthehitfilmTheMartian,theresearcherssayitisahumbledesertmoss（藓类）thatmightprovecrucialtoestablishinglifeonMars(在热播电影《火星救援》中，马特·达蒙依靠在生物垃圾中种植的土豆生存，而研究人员表示，这是一种不起眼的沙漠苔藓，可能对在火星上建立生命至关重要”可知，通过提到电影中的土豆，作者想说明苔藓可能像电影中的土豆一样在火星上生存。故选C项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段““Theseexperimentsrepresentanimportantfirststep,buttheydonotshowthatthemosscouldbeasignificantsourceofoxygenunderMartianconditions,nordotheyshowthatthedesertmosscouldreproduceintheMartiancontext,”McDanielsaid.“Implyingthatmoss,oranyotherpioneeringspecies,isreadytoterraform（行星地球化）Mars,oranyotherouterplanet,isanoverstatement.”Zupanskaadded.(McDaniel说：“这些实验代表了重要的第一步，但它们并没有表明苔藓在火星条件下可能是一个重要的氧气来源，也没有表明沙漠苔藓可以在火星环境下繁殖。”“暗示苔藓或任何其他先锋物种已经准备好改造火星或任何其他外行星，这是夸大其词。”Zupanska补充道)”可知，从McDaniel和Zupanska的话中可以推断出，苔藓要成为火星植物还有很长的路要走。故选A项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“thenregrownunderEarthconditionsonsand(然后在地球条件下的沙子上重新生长)”可知，苔藓的特征是在地球条件下再生。故选D项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhileMattDamonreliedonpotatoescultivatedinbiowastetosurviveinthehitfilmTheMartian,theresearcherssayitisahumbledesertmoss（藓类）thatmightprovecrucialtoestablishinglifeonMars(在热播电影《火星救援》中，马特·达蒙依靠在生物垃圾中种植的土豆生存，而研究人员表示，这是一种不起眼的沙漠苔藓，可能对在火星上建立生命至关重要”以及下文不同人对苔藓是否能成为火星上的先锋生物提出了自己的观点。所以短文主要围绕着“苔藓能成为火星上的先锋生物？”展开，也是文章的最佳标题。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyofushaveadreamthatwewouldlovetoachieve.Havingdreamsisfine,butachievingthemisanotherthing.Itcoversalotofelements,likedetermination,motivation,single-mindedness,courage,commitmentandsoon.____16____Stayingmotivatedcanbehard,especiallyifyouthinkyouarebeingfrustratedfrequently.Howdowegetmotivatedtorealizeourdreams?Thefirstthingthatcan’tbeignoredistofigureoutourdreams.Actually,ourdreamisusuallyabitvague.____17____Thenextstepistoturnitintoaseriesofgoals.Along-termgoalwillbetheultimatedream—let’ssay,settingupanewbusiness.Short-termandmedium-termgoalswillbethestagesontheroadtothefinalgoal.Ifyouhavesetgoalsstepbystep,it’stimetokeepyourselfmotivated.Aboveall,beingpositiveisofgreatimportance.____18____Oncefacedwithsuchsituations,youshouldfindasupportsystem.Afterall,surroundingshaveagreatinfluenceonwhatpeoplearelike.Inviewofthis,you’dbettermixwithmotivatedpeoplearoundustokeepyouinhighspirits.Becausesuchguysalwayssmileatanydifficulties,firmlybelievingthatafterthewindandrain,thereisarainbow.____19____Andtheycanprovideyouwithpositiveemotionalvalue,suchasencouragement,supportandappreciation.Ifsurroundedbythosepeople,howcanyousufferfromfrustrationandnegativethoughts?____20____Whatyoushoulddoistackleitassoonasyourealizeyourmotivationhasgone.Thinkaboutwhyyourself-motivationhasbeenlostandthenlookathowyoucanbringitback.Don’tignoreit,oryouwillcometoregretyourlackofaction.Worktogetthatself-motivationbackandgetbackontheroadtosuccess.A.Yourplanitselfisafoundationofself-motivation.B.Soitisnecessarytomakeaclearwholeplaninadvance.C.Theiroptimismandconfidencemustreflectbackonyou.D.Amongthem,Ithinkmotivationisthemostimportantone.E.Inaddition,itisimportantnottoworryaboutlosingmotivation.F.Therearesomanysourcesavailabletoanyoneseekingmotivation.G.However,youareoftenstuckinfrustrationandeventodoubtyourself.【答案】16.D17.B18.G19.C20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了实现梦想，保持动力的方法。【16题详析】根据上文“Itcoversalotofelements,likedetermination,motivation,single-mindedness,courage,commitmentandsoon.(它包含了很多要素，比如决心、动力、一心一意、勇气、承诺等等)”以及下文“Stayingmotivatedcanbehard,especiallyifyouthinkyouarebeingfrustratedfrequently.(保持动力是很难的，尤其是如果你认为自己经常受到挫折)”可知，选项承接上下文，说明作者很看重诸多要素中的动力。故D选项“其中，我认为动力是最重要的一个”切题。motivation呼应Stayingmotivated。故选D项。【17题详析】根据下文“Thenextstepistoturnitintoaseriesofgoals.

(下一步就是把它变成一系列的目标)”可知，选项应说明第一步应该怎么做。故B选项“因此，有必要提前制定一个明确的整体计划”切题，下文中的it指代选项中的plan。故选B项。【18题详析】根据上文“Aboveall,beingpositiveisofgreatimportance.(最重要的是，积极是非常重要的)”和下文“Oncefacedwithsuchsituations,youshouldfindasupportsystem.(一旦遇到这些情况，你应该找到一个支持系统)”推知选项与上文为转折关系，说明与积极相反的情况。故G选项“然而，你却常常陷入沮丧，甚至怀疑自己”切题，下文的suchsituations指选项中的提到的“常常陷入沮丧，甚至怀疑自己”的情况。故选G项。【19题详析】根据上文“Inviewofthis,you’dbettermixwithmotivatedpeoplearoundustokeepyouinhighspirits.Becausesuchguysalwayssmileatanydifficulties,firmlybelievingthatafterthewindandrain,thereisarainbow.(鉴于此，你最好和我们周围积极的人交往，让你保持高昂的精神。因为这样的人总是在任何困难面前微笑，坚信风雨之后总会有彩虹)”可知，选项承接上文说明与积极的人交往对自己的影响。故C选项“他们的乐观和自信一定会影响到你”切题。故选C项。【20题详析】根据下文“Whatyoushoulddoistackleitassoonasyourealizeyourmotivationhasgone.Thinkaboutwhyyourself-motivationhasbeenlostandthenlookathowyoucanbringitback.Don’tignoreit,oryouwillcometoregretyourlackofaction.Worktogetthatself-motivationbackandgetbackontheroadtosuccess.(你应该做的是一旦你意识到你的动力已经消失，就去解决它。想想为什么你失去了自我激励，然后想想如何让它恢复。不要忽视它，否则你会后悔你的不作为。努力找回自我激励，重新走上成功之路)”可知，下文主要告诉我们在失去动力时应该怎么处理，所以不要担心会失去动力。故E选项“此外，重要的是不要担心失去动力”切题。故选E项。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Attendinganewschoolcanbeabigchallengeforanystudent.____21____,for15-yea-oldSergioPeralta,hefoundagroupofinnovativestudentswho____22____hislife.InthefirstdaysofthenewschoolyearatHendersonville,Peraltatriedtocoverupthe____23____fact—hisrighthandwasnotfully____24____.Butateacherintheengineeringprogram,JeffWilkins,eventuallylearnedofthe____25____andsuggestedthathisengineeringstudentsmightbeabletohelpout.Thoughthestudentswereunsureiftheideawouldwork,theydidn’tlet____26____stopthemfromtrying.With____27____toonlinemodelsanda3Dprinter,theyspentfourweeks____28____,sizing,andcreatingarobotichandforPeralta.Thenthestudents____29____itwithagameofcatch.Forthefirsttime,Peraltawasabletoplaycatchwithbothhands.Andhavinglivedwithoutonehandfor15years,henever_____30_____it.Thestudentsalsodiscovered_____31_____howengineeringcanbeusedtomakea_____32_____difference.Thisambitiousproject_____33_____notonlythevisionbutalsotheleadershipbehindtheengineeringprogramofWilkins’class,whichwasmeanttoturnconceptsinto_____34_____,saidprincipalBobCotter.Peralta’srobotichandbears_____35_____tothekindnessandcreativityofthestudents.21.A.Stressfully B.Happily C.Obviously D.Secretly22.A.extended B.saved C.transformed D.shaped23.A.embarrassing B.amazing C.inspiring D.puzzling24.A.protected B.copied C.developed D.examined25.A.opportunity B.potential C.progress D.situation26.A.laughter B.uncertainty C.fear D.shame27.A.access B.regard C.priority D.devotion28.A.proposing B.training C.designing D.displaying29.A.tested B.measured C.recorded D.improved30.A.trusted B.expected C.abandoned D.regretted31.A.comprehensively B.first-hand C.toughly D.single-handed32.A.practical B.reasonable C.competitive D.social33.A.adaptsto B.beginswith C.focuseson D.standsfor34.A.dream B.support C.profit D.reality35.A.preference B.response C.witness D.reward【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.A30.B31.B32.A33.D34.D35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一群富有创造力的工程学专业学生为右手残疾的同学Peralta制作机械手的故事。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于15岁的塞尔吉奥·佩拉尔塔来说，他发现了一群创新的学生，他们改变了他的生活。A.Stressfully紧张地；B.Happily快乐；C.Obviously显然；D.Secretly秘密地。根据后文学生为他制作了机械手，改变了他的生活，可知这是幸运地。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于15岁的塞尔吉奥·佩拉尔塔来说，他发现了一群创新的学生，他们改变了他的生活。A.extended扩大；B.saved挽救；C.transformed改变；D.shaped塑造。根据上文“innovativestudents”以及后文“hislife”以及后文学生为