专题04 阅读理解（二）20篇【考题猜想】（解析版）-25学年高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题04阅读理解（二）20篇Passage01（24-25高一上·山东烟台·期中）Orcas,alsoknownaskillerwhales,arethelargestmembersofthedolphinfamily.Theyhuntinschoolsofupto40individualsandarefamousfortheirgroupattackonseacreatures.Butorcasseldomattackhumans.However,since2020,groupsoforcashavestruckabout700boatsoffthecoastsofSpain,Portugal,FranceandMorocco.Theyhavedamaged(损坏)atleastsevenboats.Expertsnowbelievewhattheorcasdidistheresultofboredteenageorcashavingfun.Afterobservingfifteenyoungorcas,aresearchteam,ledbyAlexZerbini,foundthattheorcasapproachedtheboatsslowly.Onceclose,theyappearedtosimplywanttonudgetheirnosesorheadsagainsttherudder(船舵).Giventhattheseyoungorcasmeasurebetween2.7and4.2metersinlength,justagentletouchwasenoughtodamagetheruddersandeventheboats.“Astheyplaywiththerudder,theydon’tunderstandthattheycandamagetherudderandwillaffecthumanbeings.It’smoreplayfulthanpurposeful,”oneresearchersaid.Theresearchersthoughttheteenageorcas’boredomresultsfromtheincreaseinthepopulationoftheirprimaryfoodsource—thebluefintuna.Withplentyoffood,theyhavealotmoretimeontheirhands.Theyguessedtheactionmayhavebeenstartedbyacuriousindividualattractedtothemovingboatandmayhaveinspiredtheotherstodothesame.Zerbiniandhisteamgivesomesuggestionsaboutbeingfarawayfromorcaswhenpossible.Whilepeopleareintheareaswhereorcasoftenappear,trytoreducethespeedoftheboats.Makingbangingsoundsaroundtheboatmaykeepthewhalesaway.Theyalsosuggestboatownersreplacethesmoothruddersurfacewithspecialmaterials.Thiswillmaketheboatslessfunto“play”with.“Wedon’twanttoseemoreboatsbeingdamaged,andwedon’twanttoseepeopleintrouble,”Zerbinisaid.“Butwealsodon’twanttoseeorcasandotheranimalsbeinghurt.Wehavetorememberthatthisistheirhome,andwe’reintheway.”1．Whatdoesthetextfocusonaboutorcas?A．Theirunusualbehavior. B．Theirfeedinghabit.C．Theirhighintelligence. D．Theirquickreaction.2．Whydoorcasstriketheboatsaccordingtotheresearch?A．Tosearchforfood. B．Toseekpleasure.C．Totrytocommunicate. D．Topracticehuntingskills.3．Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellus?A．Howtofindorcas’tracks. B．Howtodraworcastotherudder.C．Howtotellthesoundsfromorcas. D．Howtoavoidencounterswithorcas.4．WhatdoweknowfromZerbini’swords?A．Weshouldliveatpeacewithanimals.B．Weshouldbuildmorehigh-qualityboats.C．Peoplefacechallengesindevelopingfishery.D．Peoplehaveperfectedcreatures’livingenvironment.【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是自2020年以来，西班牙、葡萄牙、法国和摩洛哥海岸附近发生的一系列逆戟鲸撞击船只的事件。1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Butorcasseldomattackhumans.(但是逆戟鲸很少攻击人类。)”和第二段“However,since2020,groupsoforcashavestruckabout700boatsoffthecoastsofSpain,Portugal,FranceandMorocco.Theyhavedamaged(损坏)atleastsevenboats.(然而，自2020年以来，成群的逆戟鲸在西班牙、葡萄牙、法国和摩洛哥海岸袭击了大约700艘船只。他们至少损坏了七艘船。)”可知，本文主要讲的是逆戟鲸的不寻常的行为。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Expertsnowbelievewhattheorcasdidistheresultofboredteenageorcashavingfun.(专家们现在认为逆戟鲸的行为是无聊的青少年逆戟鲸玩耍的结果。)”和第三段“It’smoreplayfulthanpurposeful(与其说是有目的，不如说是好玩)”可知，逆戟鲸会袭击船只是为了寻求快乐。故选B。3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Zerbiniandhisteamgivesomesuggestionsaboutbeingfarawayfromorcaswhenpossible.Whilepeopleareintheareaswhereorcasoftenappear,trytoreducethespeedoftheboats.Makingbangingsoundsaroundtheboatmaykeepthewhalesaway.Theyalsosuggestboatownersreplacethesmoothruddersurfacewithspecialmaterials.Thiswillmaketheboatslessfunto“play”with.(Zerbini和他的团队给出了一些关于尽可能远离逆戟鲸的建议。当人们在逆戟鲸经常出没的地方时，尽量降低船只的速度。在船周围发出砰砰的声音可能会让鲸远离。他们还建议船主用特殊材料替换光滑的舵面。这将使船“玩”的乐趣减少。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是如何避免遭遇逆戟鲸。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wedon’twanttoseemoreboatsbeingdamaged,andwedon’twanttoseepeopleintrouble(我们不希望看到更多船只受损，也不希望看到人们陷入困境)”和“Butwealsodon’twanttoseeorcasandotheranimalsbeinghurt.Wehavetorememberthatthisistheirhome,andwe’reintheway.(但我们也不想看到逆戟鲸和其他动物受到伤害。我们必须记住，这是它们的家，而我们挡住了它们的路。)”可知，从Zerbini的话中我们知道我们应该与动物和平相处。故选A。Passage02（24-25高一上·湖北孝感·期中）Givefishermenastring,andtheycanuseittocatchfish,butgiveittoyoungmenfromHuotongTownandtheycanmakealionfly.Indeed,manychildrengrowingupinthetowninNingdeCity,FujianProvince,mightbeundertheimpressionthatlionscanactuallyfly,astheycomeintocontactwiththepopularstringliondanceatanearlyage.Fromadistance,bamboolionswithcolorfullonghaircouldbeseenhighaboveasmallwoodenstageinXingxianVillageinmid-March,eachseemingtohavealifeoftheirown.Closerup,itwaspossibletoseethattheywerelinkedbywhatlookedlikecountlesslongstringsthatwerebeingoperatedbyateamofyoungpeoplebehindthestage.Theyoungpeoplemadeeveryeffortduringtheshow,sometimesusingtheirweighttopullthestrings,andothertimesjumpingupanddowntocontrolthestringstomakethelionsdovariousfancyactions,rangingfromrolling,jumping,torunningoneafteranother,andfightingforaball.Applausebrokeoutfromthecrowdasthelionscametorest,andagroupofyoungboyssteppedoutfrombehindthecurtain.“Thisismyhappiestmoment,gettingrecognitionfromtheaudience,”saysChenJihong,24,wholeadstheteamofaround30membersagedbetween13and24.Likeotherchildrenintheregion,Chenwasfirstfascinatedbythedanceasachildwhenhismothertookhimtowatchalanternshowonthedayoflongtaitou,orDragonHeadRaisingDay.Heremembershowthecrowdsuddenlybecameexcitedandcheeredforthestringlionstocomeout.Curiously,hepushedthroughthecrowdtogetacloserviewasthelifelikelionscameintosight.HuangZhenqiao,aseniorinheritorofthetraditionthatwasnamedanationalintangible(非物质的)culturalheritagein2006,saysthatthestringliondancedatesbackabout1,300yearsandisoneofthemostattractiveshowsatthelocallanternshowonthatday.5．Whydoesthewritermention“fishermen”atthebeginning?A．Tointroducethetopic. B．Toaddsomethingfun.C．Tocomparetwoskills. D．Toexplainthebackground.6．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．Whatthelionslookedlike. B．Howtheliondancewasperformed.C．Whatinfluencethedancehad. D．Howstrongtheyoungpeoplewere.7．WhichofthefollowinghasmostprobablyinspiredChenJihongtobealiondancer?A．Hischildhoodmemories. B．Theteaminfluence.C．Hisfamilybackground. D．Theschooleducation.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inheritor”probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A．Apersonwhohasagiftformathematics.B．Apersonwhoistopassdownatradition.C．Apersonwhopreferstogetridofoldthings.D．Apersonwhostudiesthehistoryofacountry.【答案】5．A6．B7．A8．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了福建省宁德市胡通镇的提线狮子舞这一非物质文化遗产，讲述了其表演形式、历史渊源以及年轻舞者的热爱与传承。5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Givefishermenastring,andtheycanuseittocatchfish,butgiveittoyoungmenfromHuotongTownandtheycanmakealionfly.Indeed,manychildrengrowingupinthetowninNingdeCity,FujianProvince,mightbeundertheimpressionthatlionscanactuallyfly,astheycomeintocontactwiththepopularstringliondanceatanearlyage.(给渔民一根绳子，他们可以用它来捕鱼，但如果把绳子给胡通镇的年轻人，他们就能让狮子飞起来。的确，在福建省宁德市这个镇上长大的许多孩子可能都会觉得狮子真的能飞，因为他们很小就接触到了流行的提线狮子舞)”可知，作者通过对比渔民和胡通镇年轻人对绳子的不同使用，引出了提线狮子舞这一话题。由此推知，作者提到“渔民”是为了引入主题。故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Theyoungpeoplemadeeveryeffortduringtheshow,sometimesusingtheirweighttopullthestrings,andothertimesjumpingupanddowntocontrolthestringstomakethelionsdovariousfancyactions,rangingfromrolling,jumping,torunningoneafteranother,andfightingforaball.(年轻人在表演中竭尽全力，有时用体重拉绳子，有时跳上跳下控制绳子，让狮子做出各种花哨的动作，包括翻滚、跳跃、一个接一个地奔跑和抢球)”可知，本段主要描述了提线狮子舞的表演过程，即年轻人如何通过操控绳子让狮子做出各种动作。故选B项。7．推理判断题。根据第五段“Likeotherchildrenintheregion,Chenwasfirstfascinatedbythedanceasachildwhenhismothertookhimtowatchalanternshowonthedayoflongtaitou,orDragonHeadRaisingDay.Heremembershowthecrowdsuddenlybecameexcitedandcheeredforthestringlionstocomeout.Curiously,hepushedthroughthecrowdtogetacloserviewasthelifelikelionscameintosight.(和该地区的其他孩子一样，陈小时候就被这种舞蹈迷住了，当时他妈妈带他去看龙头抬头节那天的灯笼表演。他记得人群突然变得兴奋起来，为提线狮子的出场而欢呼。出于好奇，他挤过人群，当栩栩如生的狮子映入眼帘时，他仔细地观看)”可知，陈继红小时候被提线狮子舞所吸引，并留下了深刻的印象。由此推知，正是他童年的这些记忆激发了他成为提线狮子舞者的愿望。故选A项。8．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“HuangZhenqiao,aseniorinheritorofthetradition(黄振桥，这一传统的资深inheritor)”和下文他对舞狮的介绍“saysthatthestringliondancedatesbackabout1,300yearsandisoneofthemostattractiveshowsatthelocallanternshowonthatday(据说舞狮可以追溯到1300年前，是当天当地灯展上最吸引人的节目之一)”可推知，黄振桥是舞狮的传承人。故划线词inheritor与“personwhoistopassdownatradition.(传承传统的人)”同义。故选B项。Passage03（24-25高一上·浙江·期中）Standingontheruinsafterthefirewherehishousehadbeen,PeterRuprechtrecognizedthathewasnotsurehoworwhentorebuild.HewasstillshockedbywhatAustralia’sincreasinglychangeableclimatehadalreadydelivered:firstadrought,thenadestructivebushfire,thenafootofrainfromastorm.“It’sunstoppable,”saidMr.Ruprecht,aformerdairyfarmer.“WespeakaboutthewarmthofMotherNature,butnaturecanalsobeviciousandwildandunforgiving.”Australia’shellish(地狱的)fireseasonhascometoanend,butitspeoplearefacingmorethanasingledisaster.Withfloodsdestroyinghomesnotfarfromwherefiresrecentlyspread,theyarefacingacycleofwhatscientistscall“compoundextremes”:oneclimatedisasterstrengtheningthenext.Warmertemperaturesdomorethanjustdryouttheland.Theyalsoheatuptheatmosphere,whichmeanscloudsholdmoremoisture(水汽)forlongerperiodsoftime.Sodroughtsgetworse,givingwaytofires,thentoheavyrainsthatthelandistoodrytotakein.ManyAustraliansindisasterareascomplainthattheirgovernment,afterpayinglittleattentiontoclimatechangeforyears,hasnotyettodrawuprecoveryplansthatareclearandthattakefuturerisksintoconsideration.Atthesametime,theeconomiccostsofachangingclimatearerisingquickly.PhilipLowe,thegovernoroftheReserveBankofAustralia,warnedrecentlythatAustraliawasalreadypayingaprice,andthatitwouldonlygoup.9．PeterRuprechtismentionedinthebeginningto______.A．toarousereaders’pity B．tointroducethetopicC．tostresstheproblem D．tocallonreaderstohelp10．Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“vicious”inParagraph2?A．Graceful. B．Balanced. C．Responsible. D．Cruel.11．Whatisthemaincauseof“compoundextremes”inAustralia?A．Governmentinaction. B．Warmertemperature.C．Theshortageofmoney. D．Norecoveryplans.12．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Aguidebook. B．Atraveljournal.C．Anewsreport. D．Abookreview.【答案】9．B10．D11．B12．C【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚一系列极端气候灾害，包括它的成因，灾害及造成的经济成本等。9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Standingontheruinsafterthefirewherehishousehadbeen,PeterRuprechtrecognizedthathewasnotsurehoworwhentorebuild.HewasstillshockedbywhatAustralia’sincreasinglychangeableclimatehadalreadydelivered:firstadrought,thenadestructivebushfire,thenafootofrainfromastorm.(PeterRuprecht的房子着火后，他站在废墟上承认，他不知道如何或何时进行重建。澳大利亚日益变化的气候已经造成了这样的后果，他仍然感到震惊：先是干旱，然后是毁灭性的丛林大火，接着是一英尺的暴风雨)”可知，关于PeterRuprecht站在灾难后的废墟上以及说的话都是为了引出话题：澳大利亚的气候灾难。故选B。10．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“WespeakaboutthewarmthofMotherNature,butnaturecanalsobeviciousandwildandunforgiving.(我们谈论的是大自然的温暖，但大自然也可能是vicious、野蛮和无情的)”可知，大自然也可能是残忍、狂野和无情的，vicious意思是“残酷的，野蛮的”。A.Graceful优雅的；B.Balanced平衡的；C.Responsible负责的；D.Cruel残忍的。故选D。11．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Warmertemperaturesdomorethanjustdryouttheland.Theyalsoheatuptheatmosphere,whichmeanscloudsholdmoremoisture(水汽)forlongerperiodsoftime.Sodroughtsgetworse,givingwaytofires,thentoheavyrainsthatthelandistoodrytotakein.(气温升高不仅仅使土地干涸。它们还会加热大气，这意味着云在更长的时间内保持更多的水分。因此，干旱变得更加严重，引发火灾，然后是土地太干燥而无法吸收的大雨。)”可知，是温度升高导致了复合极端情况。故选B。12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Standingontheruinsafterthefirewherehishousehadbeen,PeterRuprechtrecognizedthathewasnotsurehoworwhentorebuild.HewasstillshockedbywhatAustralia’sincreasinglychangeableclimatehadalreadydelivered:firstadrought,thenadestructivebushfire,thenafootofrainfromastorm.(PeterRuprecht的房子着火后，他站在废墟上承认，他不知道如何或何时进行重建。澳大利亚日益变化的气候已经造成了这样的后果，他仍然感到震惊：先是干旱，然后是毁灭性的丛林大火，接着是一英尺的暴风雨)”和第三段“Australia’shellish(地狱的)fireseasonhascometoanend,butitspeoplearefacingmorethanasingledisaster.Withfloodsdestroyinghomesnotfarfromwherefiresrecentlyspread,theyarefacingacycleofwhatscientistscall“compoundextremes”:oneclimatedisasterstrengtheningthenext.(澳大利亚地狱般的火灾季节已经结束，但其人民面临的不仅仅是一场灾难。洪水摧毁了离最近大火蔓延的地方不远的房屋，他们正面临着科学家所谓的“复合极端情况”循环：一场气候灾难加剧了另一场气候灾难。)”可知，全文描述了澳大利亚的极端气候灾难，它的成因，危害以及造成的经济成本等，属于实时报道。所以，该文章应出自一篇新闻报道。故选C。Passage04（24-25高一上·北京西城·期中）TerryFoxneverthoughthe’dlivearemarkablelife.Helikedsports,butnoonethoughthewastalented.Duringhisfirstyearintheuniversity,hehadapaininhisrightknee,whichwassobadthathecouldn’tstandup.Hewenttothedoctorfortests.Theyshowedthathehadcancer.Hewasgoingtolosehislegandbegivenanartificialone.Terry’sfamilyandfriendsallgavehimfantasticsupport.Terrysaidthatheknewallthosepeoplereallycaredandhelpedhim.Hedecidedtofaceitwithbravery.OnenightTerrywaslookingthroughanarticleaboutDickTraum,whoalsohadanartificiallegandhadrunintheNewYorkMarathon.“Ifhecandoit,”thoughtTerry,“Ican,too.Infact,I’llrunacrossCanadaandraisemoneyforcancerresearch.ItwillbeaMarathonofHope!”Forthenext16months,Terryhadspecialtreatmentsforhiscancer.Andthenhealsobegantorunalittleeveryday.Eachdayheranalittlefarther.Itis5,300milesacrossCanada.Terryhopedtorunthirtytofortymilesadaysothatitwouldtakehimsixmonths.Mostofall,hehopedtoraise$1millionforcancerresearch.BecauseTerryhadanartificialleg,runningwasn’teasyorstraightforward.Hehadtomovebyjumpingononefoottwiceandthentakealongstepwithhisrealleg.Althoughitlookedawkward,hestillkeptonrunning.Hisactionmadepeoplejoinhimasheran:children,footballstars,wheelchairathletesandevenhisbrother,Darrell.AsTerryran,peoplewavedandcheered.Somuchmoneywasdonatedthatthevolunteersusedlargegarbagebagssoeveryonecouldgive.Then,outsideThunderBay,Ontario,Terryfeltasharppaininhischest.Thepainwasfromcancer;thistimeinhislungs.HehadtoabandontheMarathonafter3,339miles.Hetoldthepeoplebeforeheleft,“Iwon’tgiveup.Ijusthopepeoplewillcontinuetogivemoney.”Andtheydid.Justunder$25millionwasgiven.Terryreceivednumerousawards.At22,hewastheyoungestCanadiantoeverreceiveCanada’shighestaward,theCompanionoftheOrderofCanada.13．WhatmadeTerrydecidetorunacrossCanada?A．HispassionforMarathon.B．Adesiretoliveanormallife.C．Thesupportofhisfamilyandfriends.D．TheexcitingexperienceofDickTraum.14．PeoplejoinedhimwhenheranmainlybecauseA．theyweremovedbythesceneofTerry’srunningB．theyserveaasvolunteersinthemarathonC．theyconsideredTerryasagreatheroD．theylovedrunningverymuch15．Whydidhefinallystopthemarathon?A．Hecollectedenoughmoneyforthedonation.B．Hisfamilyandfriendspersuadedhimtoabandonit.C．Hegotgreatpaininhisbodybecauseofthecancer.D．Runningwiththeartificiallegwasn’tstraightforward.16．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTerry?A．Generous. B．Independent. C．Determined. D．Creative.【答案】13．D14．A15．C16．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是TerryFox的故事。他从未想过他会过上非同寻常的生活。虽然他喜欢运动，但没有人认为他有天赋。然而，Terry的特殊之处在于他的决心。在患上癌症并装上假肢后，他决定面对疾病。他被认为是他人生各个领域的赢家。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“OnenightTerrywaslookingthroughanarticleaboutDickTraum,whoalsohadanartificiallegandhadrunintheNewYorkMarathon.“Ifhecandoit,”thoughtTerry,“Ican,too.Infact,I’llrunacrossCanadaandraisemoneyforcancerresearch.ItwillbeaMarathonofHope!”(有一天晚上，Terry在阅读一篇关于DickTraum的文章，他也是一个假肢患者，曾参加过纽约马拉松比赛。Terry想：“如果他能做到，我也能做到。事实上，我要跑遍加拿大，为癌症研究筹款。这将是一场希望的马拉松！”)”可知，Terry在阅读了一篇关于DickTraum的文章后，决定也要像DickTraum一样横穿加拿大并为癌症研究筹集资金。DickTraum也有一条假肢，并且参加过纽约马拉松。因此，是DickTraum的激动人心的经历激发了Terry的决定。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Althoughitlookedawkward,hestillkeptonrunning.Hisactionmadepeoplejoinhimashe.ran:children,footballstars,wheelchairathletesandevenhisbrother,Darrell.AsTerryran,peoplewavedandcheered.Somuchmoneywasdonatedthatthevolunteersusedlargegarbagebagssoeveryonecouldgive.(虽然看起来很尴尬，但他还是继续跑。他的行动使人们和他一样加入他的行列。孩子、足球明星、轮椅运动员，甚至还有他的兄弟Darrell。Terry跑的时候，人们挥手欢呼。捐款如此之多，以至于志愿者们使用了大垃圾袋，这样每个人都可以捐款。)”可知，Terry用一条假肢跑步看起来很奇怪，但他仍然坚持跑。他的行动感动了人们，让他们加入他一起跑，包括孩子、足球明星、轮椅运动员甚至他的兄弟Darrell。因此，人们加入他主要是被Terry跑步的场景所感动。故选A。15．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Then,outsideThunderBay,Ontario,Terryfeltasharppaininhischest.Thepainwasfromcancer;thistimeinhislungs.HehadtoabandontheMarathonafter3.339miles.(然后，在安大略省的桑德贝城外，Terry感到胸口一阵剧痛。疼痛来自癌症；这次是在他的肺部。跑完3339英里后，他不得不放弃马拉松比赛。)”可知，Terry在安大略省桑德贝市外面感到胸部剧痛，这是因为他肺部的癌症导致的。因此，他不得不在跑了3339英里后放弃了马拉松。所以，他最终停止马拉松是因为癌症导致的身体剧痛。故选C。16．推理判断题。通读全文，Terry在得知自己患有癌症并需要截肢后，决定勇敢地面对它，并决定横穿加拿大为癌症研究筹集资金。尽管过程中面临诸多困难，包括使用假肢跑步的不便和身体上的疼痛，但他仍然坚持下来，并激励了无数人。因此，最能描述特里的词是C选项“Determined(坚定的)”。故选C。Passage05（24-25高一上·江西景德镇·期中）Angus,Doris,GabrielandKamilaresomeofthe21namesthathavebeenchosentobegiventostormsintheUKinthe2016/17season.TheMetOffice,theUK’snationalweatherservice,decidedtogivestormsboys’andgirls’namesin2015inthesamewayastheydidinAmerica.TheMetOfficehopesthatnamingbigstormswillmeanpeoplearemoreaware(意识到)ofthemandhowdangeroustheycanbe.DerrickRyall,fromtheMetOffice,said,“Wehaveseenhownamingstormselsewhereintheworldraisespeople’sawarenessofstormsbeforetheybreak.”Inthepast,thesameUKstormcouldbegivendifferentnamesbydifferentorganizations.“Wenoticedthatmanyorganizationsduringthelastcoupleofwinters,whenwehavehadbadstorms,startedgivingnamestothem.ThinkbacktotheStJude’sDaystormin2013,andtheso-calledHurricaneBawbaginScotlandin2011.Butitledtoconfusion(混乱),”aMetOfficespokeswomansaid.AccordingtotheMetOffice,thereisanameforeachletterofthewholealphabet(字母表),exceptforQ,U,X,YandZ.ThatisthesameasthenamingtraditionusedinAmerica.Andnotallstormswillbebigenoughtogetnames—onlythoseexpectedtocausegreatdamage.Iftherearemorethan21stormsinayear,theMetOfficewillstartagainwithanothernamebeginningwith“A”.However,accordingtoMetOfficespokeswomanLindsayMears,“It’sunlikelywewouldgetthroughthewholealphabetinoneseason.Wehad14stormsintheverybadwinterof2013/14,andifthenamingsystemhadbeeninoperationthenwewouldn’thaveusedthewholealphabet.”17．WhyarestormsintheUKnamed?A．Toremindpeopleoftheirshortstay. B．Toincreasepublicawarenessofthem.C．Tofollowwhatothercountriesdid. D．Tomeettheneedsofitspeople.18．ExamplesaregiveninParagraph4toshow______.A．there’remanystormstonameinayearB．somestorms’namesaresimilartoothers’C．somestorms’namesarehardtounderstandD．organizationsnamedstormsdifferently19．Whatdoweknowaboutthenamesgiventostorms?A．21letterswillbeusedtobeginthenames.B．Stormswillbegivennameswhatevertheirsizes.C．Seriousstormswillbegivenboys’names.D．21nameswillbegivenatmostinayear.20．WhatcanbelearnedfromLindsayMears?A．Therearenottoomanybigstormseachyear.B．Actionwillbetakentopreventstorms.C．Thereareusually14stormsinayear.D．Thenamingsystemwillnotchange.【答案】17．B18．D19．A20．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国给大的暴风雨命名的原因。17．细节理解题。根据第三段的“TheMetOfficehopesthatnamingbigstormswillmeanpeoplearemoreawareofthemandhowdangeroustheycanbe.(英国气象局希望给大风暴命名能让人们更加意识到它们的危险性。)”可知，英国的风暴被命名是为了提高公众对它们的认识。故选B。18．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Inthepast,thesameUKstormcouldbegivendifferentnamesbydifferentorganizations.(在过去，同一场英国风暴可能会被不同的组织命名。)”可知，不同组织对风暴的命名不同。故选D。19．细节理解题。根据第五段的“AccordingtotheMetOffice,thereisanameforeachletterofthewholealphabet,exceptforQ,U,X,YandZ.(根据英国气象局的说法，除了Q、U、X、Y和Z，整个字母表中的每个字母都有一个名字。)”可知，26个字母除掉5个字母，剩下21个字母用来命名。故选A。20．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However,accordingtoMetOfficespokeswomanLindsayMears,It’sunlikelywewouldgetthroughthewholealphabetinoneseason.(然而，英国气象局发言人林赛·米尔斯表示：我们不太可能在一季内完成整个字母表。)”可知，21个字母不太可能在一年内用完，即每年不会有很多大风暴雨。故选A。Passage06（24-25高一上·江西·期中）ScientistsfromFudanUniversityhavereachedabreakthroughincreatingadevice(装置)thatcouldenablepeoplelyingonthebedtowalkagain.Usingthenewdevice,peoplewhoaredisabledcouldgaincontrolofthemusclesintheirlegsandwalkagain.Thespinalcord(脊髓)functionsasahigh-speedsystemconnectingthebrainandthesurroundingnervesystem.Ifthespinalcordisdamaged,theinstructionsfromthebraintellingmusclestomovecan’tbetransported.Andpatientswillpossiblylosetheabilitytomove.Nerveinjuryisimpossibletochangeforthebetter.Thereare3.74millionpatientswithspinalcordinjuriesinChina,andthereareabout90,000newpatientsinthecountryeachyear.Sothenewdevicewillmeanalotifitisusedinhospitals.Lastyear,aresearchteamfromtheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausannecarriedoutbrain-spinalconnectionresearchondisabledpatients.Bycollectingandfiguringoutbrainsignalsandconnectingthebrainandspinalcordnervepathways,theteamwasabletohelpthepatientswithspinalcordinjuriesgaincontroloftheirmusclesagain.However,challengeswereinfrontofresearchers,includingunderstandingtheexactactivityinthebrainandencouragingclinical(临床的)application.Inresponsetotheseproblems,Fudanresearchersinventedanewgenerationofdevice.ComparedwiththeSwissteam’sresearch,whichrequiredpatientstohavethreedevicesintheirbrain,Fudanresearchteamcombinedthethreedevicesintoasingleone.Besides,thenewdeviceallowsthebrain-spinalconnectiontobeexactandfast.Moreover,thenewdevicemakesadjustmentsaccordingtoapatient’smovementsoftheirlegs.Asaresult,patientswillwalknormallylikehealthypeople.Suchadevicemeansthatinthefuture,thepatientswithspinalcordinjurieswillwalkmorenaturallyandsmoothly.JiaFumin,theleadresearcher,saidthatclinicaltrialsareexpectedtobeginatahospitallaterthisyear.21．What’stheresultofthedamagedspinalcord?A．Thebrainstopsgivinginstructions. B．Patientsenduplosingtheirbalance.C．Themovementsignalsfailtobereceived. D．Musclesconnectwiththebrainsdirectly.22．WhatisoneofthedifficultiesfortheSwissteam?A．Helpingpatientscontrolmuscles. B．Lackingfundtosupporttheresearch.C．Collectingandprocessingbrainsignals. D．Understandingtheexactbrainactivity.23．Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewdevice?A．Itismadeupofthreeparts. B．Ithasbeenusedinhospitals.C．Itspeedspatients’movement. D．Itmakespatients’naturalwalkingpossible.24．What’sJiaFumin’sattitudetothenewdevice?A．Positive. B．Curious. C．Uncertain. D．Worried.【答案】21．C22．D23．D24．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍复旦大学的科学家发明的一个新设备。这种设备有望让那些因为脊髓损伤而卧床的病人重新站立和行走。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ifthespinalcordisdamaged,theinstructionsfromthebraintellingmusclesto

movecan’tbetransported.(如果脊髓受损，大脑告诉肌肉运动的指令就无法传递。)”可知，脊髓损伤的结果是身体（肌肉）移动的信号不能被接收。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据第三段“However,challengeswereinfrontofresearchers,includingunderstandingtheexactactivityinthebrainandencouragingclinical(临床的)application.(然而，研究人员面临的挑战包括了解大脑的确切活动和鼓励临床应用。)”可知，瑞士的研究人员面临的困难之一是需要了解大脑的具体活动。故选D。23．细节理解题。根据第四段“Asaresult,patientswillwalknormallylikehealthypeople.(因此，患者将像健康人一样正常行走。)”可知，使用这种新设备的病人将像健康的人那样正常走路。故选D。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Suchadevicemeansthatinthefuture,thepatientswithspinalcordinjurieswillwalkmorenaturallyandsmoothly.JiaFumin,theleadresearcher,saidthatclinicaltrialsareexpectedtobeginatahospitallaterthisyear.(这样的装置意味着在未来，脊髓损伤的患者将会更加自然和平稳地行走。首席研究员加福民表示，临床试验预计将于今年晚些时候在一家医院开始。)”可知，在未来，患有脊髓损伤的病人将行走得更自然和顺畅，该设备有望在医院里开始临床试验，所以可以推测JiaFumin对这种设备的态度是积极的。故选A。Passage07（24-25高一上·山东济南·期中）Thestudentarrivedearly,satfrontandcenter,andstoodoutinmyclassroominmorewaysthanone.I’dsaythathewasabout40yearsolderthanhisclassmatesinmyundergraduatecommunicationsclass.Hehungrilyjumpedintoclassdiscussions,withhishumorandwisdomofexperience.Andhewasalwaysrespectfuloftheotherstudents’perspectives,asifeachofthemwereateacher.JerryValenciawalkedinwithasmile—andheleftwithonetoo.“ThesestudentsgavemetheconfidencethatIdidn’tneedtofeelbadaboutmyage,”Valenciasays.OnedayIspottedValenciaoncampus.Hesaidhewouldhavetostoptakingclassesthatsemesterandreapplyfornextyear.Bythen,hehopedtohaveearnedenoughmoneyandhavehisstudent-loanpapersinorder.Heaskedseriouslywhetherhecouldstillsitinonmycommunicationsclass.Sure,Isaid.Buthewouldn’tgetanycredit.Noproblem,hesaid.Soontherehewasagain,backathisolddesk,jumpingintoourdiscussionsonhowtofindandtellstoriesinLosAngeles—a63-year-oldmanwithasmuchenergyandcuriosityasanyoftheyoungstersinclass.AlotofValencia’sclassmatesapparentlyknewhecouldn’taffordthatsemester’stuitionbutwasstilldoingthehomework.“Hereheis,willinglytakingaclassforthedelightofitandbenefitoflearning,”saysJessicaEspinosa,a25-year-oldjunior.Afterward,IoverheardValenciawantedtostayinschooluntilheearnedamaster’sdegree,butithadtakenhim12yearstofinishcommunitycollege,sohehadalongwaytogo.ThereissomethingsplendidlyunreasonableaboutValencia’sdeterminationtogetafour-yeardegreeandthenamaster’s.Athiscurrentpace,he’llbe90whenhefinallyhangsallthatpaperonthewall.Butthatdoesn’tseemespeciallyrelevant.He’sfoundalltheyouthfulenergyandacademicopportunitystimulating(振奋人心的).Valencia’sgradeinmyclassthissemesterwillnotshowuponhistranscripts(成绩单).ButI’mgivinghimanA—andinthemostimportantways,itcounts.25．WhatmadeValenciadifferentfromhisclassmates?A．Hewasrespectfultotheteacher.B．Heactivatedtheclassatmosphere.C．Hewasanxioustolearndespitehisage.D．Heoftenputforwarddifferentopinions.26．Accord