2024-2025学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologyGrammar课时作业北师大版选修7

Unit21HumanBiology课时作业18Grammar语法专练(情态动词与虚拟语气)Ⅰ.情态动词1．Wecan'timaginethattwochildren________bekilledbythewashingmachineoftheirhouse.2．Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent________wearschooluniformwhileatschool.3．You________getthemachinerepairedthisweek.Iwon'tneedituntilnextmonth.4．—Thesegrapeslookreallybeautiful.—They________！Seetheprice$3.99apound.Veryexpensive,aren'tthey?5．—Thedeadlineisdrawingnear,butIfailedtochallengethetaskathirdtime.—________mybrotherhaveatry?6．Liza________wellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling.7．—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn'tfindhimanywhere.—Well,he________havegonefar—hiscoat'sstillhere.8．—WillthebookIorderedarriveontime?—It________，ifthereisnotrafficjam.9．You________haveboughtthebookforme,butthankyouallthesame.10．—HaveyouheardofthenewsthatBritain'sformerPrimeMinister,BaronessThatcher,diedonApril18?—Yes.________sherestinpeace.答案与解析1．should句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟然被家里的洗衣机绞死了。should表示“竟然”。2．shall句意：我们的规定之一是学生在学校时须要穿校服。在明文规定中，常运用shall来表示规定做的事情。3．needn't句意：这周你不必请人修这台机器。到下个月我才用呢。依据题干中“Iwon'tneedituntilnextmonth.”可推知设空处表示“不必”。4．should句意：——这些葡萄看起来很美丽。——它们应当这样！看价钱，3.99美元一磅，太贵了，是不是？依据句意可以猜出葡萄看起来好是应当的，因为价格贵。5．Shall句意：——截止日期接近，但是我又一次挑战这项任务失败。——让我的弟弟试一下可以吗？考查情态动词。shall用于第三人称疑问句表示征求对方的看法。6．may/might句意：莉莎很可能不想去旅游——她厌烦旅游。依据设空处后的well可知本空填may或might。may/mightwelldosth.＝beverylikelytodosth.意为：很可能做某事。7．can't/couldn't句意：——你知道戴维在哪儿吗？我到处找他都找不到。——噢，他不行能走远，因为他的外套还在这里。can't/couldn'thavedonesth.不行能做过某事。8．should句意：——我订购的那本书会按时到货吗？——假如不交通堵塞的话，应当会。依据“ifthereisnotrafficjam”可推知设空处表示“应当”。9．needn't句意：你原来没必要为我买这本书的，不过还是要感谢你。依据butthankyouallthesame可知此处表示“本没必要买但是买了”。10．May句意：——你听说英国前首相撒切尔夫人在4月18日逝世的消息了吗？——听说了。愿她安眠。may但愿，表示祝福。又如：Mayyoubothbehappy！祝你们俩华蜜！Ⅱ.虚拟语气1．—It________(be)coolifIwonthiscontest.Idon'tthinkI'mgoodenough,though.—Giveitashot.Youneverknow.2．—Didyoumakeitatlast?—Yes.Butforyourhelp,it________(cause)aseriousloss.3．—Maxlooksnervous.—So________youifyouhadsofierceacompetition.4．—It'sashamethatyoumissedthelectureontheBritishculturegivenbyThompson.—I________(attend)it,butIwasbusypreparingforthecomingexam.5．Theycouldhaveescapedfromthebigfire,butunfortunately,someone________(lock)thedoor.6．—OurcompanywillorganizeatriptoHongKongnextmonth.Iamtakingmymotherthere.—I'dratheryou________(do).Afterallshehasjustrecoveredfromherillnessandshestillfeelsweak.7．We________(finish)theprojectontimewithoutyourtimelyhelp.8．IftheworldhadendedonDec.21st,2012,we________(be)abletoenjoythewonderfullifenow.9．TheAntarcticissomysticallydescribedbysomepeople.IfonlyI________(be)therebefore!10．IwishI________(share)thecarjourneyhomewithmyfriends.Nowtheyarewatchingthefootballmatchathome.答案与解析1．wouldbe——我要是能赢这场竞赛就太好了。但是我想我不够精彩。——试试看，很难说。通过句意和won得知，本句为表示将来的虚拟，所以设空处填wouldbe。2．would/couldhavecaused句意：——最终你胜利了吗？——是的，要不是你的帮助，将/可能会有很大的损失。考查虚拟语气。本句为与过去事实相反的假设，所以可用should/would/could/mighthavedone的形式。但should常用于第一人称，might常用于可能性很小。3．would句意：——马克斯看上去很惊慌。——假如是你参与这么激烈的竞赛，你也会惊慌的。本句中主句和if条件从句都表示和现在事实相反的假设，可改为：Youwouldalsolooknervousifyouhadsofierceacompetition.然后考虑采纳“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”句型替换主句形式。4．would/shouldhaveattended句意：——真缺憾你错过了汤普森所作的有关英国文化的讲座。——我本想/应当参与的，但是我正忙于准备即将到来的考试。依据题干中的wasbusy可知设空处表示与过去事实相反，故答案为would/shouldhaveattended。5．hadlocked句意：他们本可以从大火中逃出来，但不幸的是，有人把门锁上了。依据题干中“couldhaveescaped”可推断该句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故设空处表示过去；lock先于couldhaveescaped，即表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。6．didn't句意：——我们公司下个月将组织到香港旅游，我准备带我妈妈去那里。——我宁可你不带她，终归她刚刚从病中复原，身体还很虚弱。wouldrather接从句的时候，从句的谓语用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。7．wouldn't/couldn'thavefinished句意：假如没有你的刚好帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。withoutyourtimelyhelp相当于含蓄条件从句，即ifithadn'tbeenforyourtimelyhelp，是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词用wouldn't/couldn'thavedone形式。8．wouldn'tbe句意：假如世界在2012年12月21日灭亡了的话，我们现在就不会享受精彩的生活了。if从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反，故答案为wouldn'tbe。9．hadbeen句意：南极地区被一些人描述得很奇妙。我要是去过那里就好了！Ifonly＋句子(过去完成时)，表示与过去相反的假设。10．hadshared句意：我要是和挚友拼车回家就好了。现在他们都在家看足球赛了。在Iwish后的宾语从句中，假如表示与过去事实相反的假设，时态要用过去完成时。Ⅰ.阅读理解“Plantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidityandnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide，”saidresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.45percentofthespeciesstudiednowreachsmalleradultsizesthantheydidinthepast.Theresearcherspointedoutthatwarmertemperaturesandchanginghabitats,causedbyclimatechange,arepossiblereasonsforshrinkingcreatures.“Wedonotyetknowthemechanismsinvolved,orwhysomeorganismaregettingsmallerwhileothersareunaffected，”theresearcherssaid.“Untilweunderstandmore,wecouldberiskingnegativeconsequencesthatwecan'tyetquantify.”Thechangewasbigincold­bloodedanimals.Onlytwodecadesofwarmertemperatureswereenoughtomakereptiles(爬行动物)smaller.Anincreaseof1degreecentigradecausednearlya10percentincreaseinmetabolism(新陈代谢)．Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.Fisharesmallernowtoo.Thoughoverfishinghasplayedapartinreducingnumbers,experimentsshowthatwarmertemperaturesalsostopfishgrowth.Thereisarecentreportonwarmertemperatures'negativeeffectsonplankton(浮游生物),thebaseofthemarineecosystem.Warm­bloodedanimalsweren'timmunefromthesizechangecausedbyclimatechange.Manybirdsarenowsmaller.Mammalshavebeenminiaturizedtoo.Soaysheeparethinner.Reddeerareweaker.Andpolarbearsaresmaller，comparedwithhistoricalrecords.ThisisnotthefirsttimethishashappenedinEarth'shistory.55millionyearsago,awarmingeventsimilartothecurrentclimatechangecausedbees,spidersandantstoshrinkby50to75percentoverseveralthousandyears.Thateventhappenedoveralongtimethanthecurrentclimatechange.Thespeedofmodernclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimes.So，itislikelythatmorenegativeinfluencesofclimatechangewillbeshowninfuture.1．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Whydosomespeciesbecomesmaller?B．HowdoestemperaturechangeinEarth'shistory?C．Climatechangehasmanynegativeeffects.D．Speciesbecomesmallerasclimatewarms.2．Theunderlinedword“trumped”inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby________.A．beaten B．increasedC．strengthened D．equaled3．ResearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporebelievethat________.A．toomanystudiesonanimals'sizehavebeendoneB．alltheanimalsontheearthhavebecomesmallerC．howclimatechangeaffectsanimals'sizehasnotbeenfoundclearlyD．climatechangehasmorenegativeeffectsonwarm­bloodedanimals4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Birdhavesufferedmorefromclimatechangethanfish.B．Climatechangehaveevenaffectedplanktonnegatively.C．Cold­bloodedanimalsbecomesmallerbecauseofthelackoffood.D．ThewarmingeventhasneverhappenedinEarth'shistorybefore.答案与解析1．D标题归纳题。从全文内容归纳可知D项为最佳标题。2．A词义揣测题。从第一段内容可知trumped的含义为beaten(战胜)。3．C细微环节理解题。从第三段内容可知C项正确。4．B推理推断题。从第四段最终一句Thereisarecentreportonwarmertemperatures'negativeeffectsonplankton(浮游生物)．..可知B项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空Ioftenreadofincidentsofmisunderstandingorconflict.I'mleft__1__.Whydothesepeoplecreatemistrustandproblems,especiallywiththosefromother__2__？IwasgrowingupinKualaLumpurintheearly1960s,__3__childrenfromdifferentracesandreligionsplayedandstudied__4__inharmony.Atthattimemyfamilylivedastone's__5__fromIsmail's.AndnoonewasbotheredthatIsmailwasaMalayMuslimandIwasanIndianHindu—wejust__6__ourdifferences.Perhaps,oureldershadnotfilledourheadswithunnecessaryadvice,well__7__orotherwise.Wewereninewhenwebecamefriends.Duringtheschoolholidays,we'd__8__thecountrysideonourbicycles,hopingto__9__theunexpected.AttimesIsmailwouldaccompanymyfamilyaswemadearareshoppingtriptotown.Wewouldbegladofhis__10__.WhenIwastwelve,myfamilymovedtoJohor.Ismail'sfamilylaterreturnedtotheirvillage,andI__11__touchwithhim.Onespringafternoonin1983,IstoppedataxiinKualaLumpur.I__12__mydestination.Thedriveracknowledgedmy__13__butdidnotmoveoff.Instead,helooked__14__atme.“Raddar？”hesaid,usingmychildhoodnickname(外号).Iwasastonishedatbeingso__15__addressed(称呼).Unexpectedly!ItwasIsmail!Evenaftertwo__16__westillrecognizedeachother.Graspinghisshoulder,Ifeltatrueaffection,something__17__todescribe.Ifwecanallowourchildrentobe__18__withoutprejudice,they'llbuildfriendshipswithpeople,regardlessofraceorreligion,whowillbe__19__theirsidethroughthickandthin.Onsuchfriendshipsaresocietiesbuiltand__20__wecantrulybe,asWilliamShakespeareoncewrote，“wehappyfew,webandofbrothers.”1．A.interested B．pleasedC．puzzled D．excited2．A.parties B．citiesC．villages D．races3．A.why B．whichC．how D．when4．A.together B．aroundC．alone D．apart5．A.drop B．throwC．move D．roll6．A.refused B．madeC．sought D．accepted7．A.paid B．meantC．preserved D．treated8．A.explore B．searchC．discover D．desert9．A.getthrough B．dealwithC．comeacross D．takeaway10．A.arrival B．choiceC．effort D．company11．A.lost B．gainedC．developed D．missed12．A.stated B．orderedC．decided D．chose13．A.attempts B．instructionsC．opinions D．arrangements14．A.anxiously B．carelesslyC．disappointedly D．fixedly15．A.familiarly B．strangelyC．fully D．coldly16．A.departures B．monthsC．years D．decades17．A.possible B．funnyC．hard D．clear18．A.them B．themselvesC．us D．ourselves19．A.from B．byC．with D．against20．A.still B．otherwiseC．then D．instead答案与解析本文是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文，主要叙述了从小作者和挚友虽然种族信仰不同，但他们求同存异和谐相处，多年未见依旧相亲如故，最终文章升华，号召大家都这样去做。1．C句后的Why反映了作者的迷惑，故答案用puzzled。2．Drace人种，种族，3空后有照应，做完形特殊要留意前后照应这一点。3．D此处when引导非限制性定语从句，说明那个时候不同信仰不同种族的孩子们和谐相处。4．Atogether表示一起。5．Bastone'sthrow直译为扔一块石头那么远的距离，现在常作固定词组，意为“一步之遥，近在咫尺”。6．D上文中提到我们宗教信仰和种族不同但我们和平相处求同存异，所以此处用accept表示相互接受彼此的不同信仰。7．Bwellmeant亦是固定词组，意为“善意好心”，或许祖先并未在我们脑子里打上烙印什么好什么不好。8．A我们会骑着自行车去乡下探险，explore意为“冒险，探险”。9．Ccomeacross等同于meetwith，意为“偶然遇到”。本空结合上句，去乡村探险期望偶遇不同寻常的东西。10．D我们很兴奋他的陪伴(company)。11．Alosetouchwithsb.和某人失去联络，因为我们都搬了家，故失去了联系。12．A拦下了出租车先要说明目的地，state陈述，说明。13．B我是乘客是上帝，故用instructions，即司机明白了我的指令。14．D由于惊异应是聚精会神，不行思议，难以想象。用fixedly“盯着看”合乎语境。15．A被叫了小名，所以作者在异乡被如此熟识地称呼也是很惊讶。familiarly熟识地。16．Ddecade十年，从其次段的1960s到本段的1983也可粗略得出应是二十多年过去了。17．C彼此一种真正的关爱却很难用语言描述的东西。18．B照应前面的孩子，假如我们能让孩子做他们自己，彼此没有偏见卑视。19．Bbyone'sside站在某人一边，支持某人。20．Cthen然后，随后，用于承接上文，建立这样的和谐社会，那样我们会很华蜜，是好兄弟。Ⅲ.语法填空Rachel：Wewillgoonanoutingnextweekend.Wouldyouliketogowithus?Michael：Iwillbefreethen.__1__areyougoing?Rachel：Ithinkwe'llgototheWesternHill.Yousee,it'sspringnow.Therearewildflowerseverywhere.Michael：Goodidea.That'sa__2__(love)place.Wecanalsoenjoyfreshairhere.Thereisabeautifulriver.AndIheartherearealotoffishinit.Itwillbeaniceplacefor__3__(fish)．Rachel：Soyoucangofishing__4__yougetthere.Michael：Wonderfulidea!Rachel：Bytheway,__5__doyouthinkweshouldgothere?Michael：Ithinkwe'd__6__(good)gotherebybikesothatwecanrelaxbetter.Youknowweare__7__(stress)allthetime.Whenshallwestartoff?Rachel：__8__(person),IthinkweshouldsetoutathalfpastsevenonSaturdaymorningiftheweatherisfine.Michael：I'lltell__9__wholeclassaboutitthisafternoonsothatmoreclassmateswilljoin__10__.Rachel：Goodidea.Ithinkmanymorestudentswouldlovetogo.Michael：Ithinkso.答案与解析1．Where依据答句可知用where。2．lovely形容词作定语。3．fishing动名词作宾语。4．whenwhen引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。5．how依据答句中的bybike可知用how提问。6．betterwe'dbetterdosth.我们最好做某事。7．stressedarestressed处于压力之中。8．Personally副词作状语。9．thethewholeclass全班。10．u