专题13 8BU5-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

专题138BU5-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题GoodmannersReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammarenoughtodo........和too........to.......句式之间的转换知识点囊括知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1：Second,don’tcutinonothers.(P64)第二，不要打断其他人。cutin(onsb./sth.)打断（谈话），插嘴，如：Shealwayscutsinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.【知识拓展】cutdown砍倒；减少,削减cutoff切断，割断，剪断cutout切去,切除；剪下例如：Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillruintheland.Shecutoffasmallpieceofbreadandgaveittome.Icutthisarticleoutofthenewspaper.2：Alwayswaitpolitely.(P64)总是礼貌地等候。politeadj.有礼貌的impoliteadj.没有礼貌的politelyadv.没有礼貌地bepolitetosb.对…有礼貌berudetosb.对…粗鲁如：Weshouldbepolitetooldpeople.3：leavethetaprunning(P65)水龙头一直在流leavevt.(1)使…处于某种状态，thetap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leavesth.+宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。①现在分词作宾语补足语，如：Whathesaidleftmethinkingdeeply.②形容词作宾语补足语，如：Hisillnesslefthimweak.(2)离开;脱离leave…for…离开…前往…如：I’llleaveNanjingforBeijingtomorrow.(3)遗忘;丢下leavesth.+地点如：Ileftthebookathome.注意：forgetsth.表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leavesth.+地点”结构中强调地点。如：Sorry,IforgotmyEnglishbook.Ileftitathome.【拓展】①过去分词作宾语补足语，如：Themovingstorylefthimunmoved.②副词作宾语补足语，如：Whathaslefthimawayforsolong?③介词作宾语补足语，如：Thismatterleftherwithoutawayofhope.4：queueforyourturn(P65)排队等待(1)queuev.意为“排队等候”如：Weshouldqueueupattheticketoffice.n.意为“队伍”。短语inaqueue意为“成一排（队、行列）”，和inline意思相近；jumpthequeue意为“插队”。如：Whydidyoujumpthequeuejustnow?(2)turnn.

顺序,

轮流

It's

one's

turn

to

do

sth.

轮到某人做某事,如：It's

your

turn

to

make

a

decision.

5：I’mafraidnot.(P65)我恐怕不是。I’mafraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如：I’mafraidIcan’tstay.I’mafraid之后可接so或not，表示前面所提到的情况：表肯定时用so；表否定时用not。如：---Willhecometoday?---I’mafraidso(not).此用法还有Ithinkso./Idon’tthinkso.Ihopeso./Ihopenot.8：What’stheproperwaytogreetpeoplethere,Jenny?(P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？(1)动词不定式togreetpeoplethere作后置定语，修饰theproperway。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.(2)thewaytodosth./ofdoingsth.做某事的方式或方法，如：It’sthebestwayofstudying/tostudyEnglish.Therearedifferentwaystodo/ofdoingit.【知识拓展】ontheway在路上bytheway顺便说，顺便问intheway有时也可说成insb'sway挡路，碍事(3)greetsb欢迎某人greetsb.withsth.用…问候某人greetings名词，问候（4）improper不恰当的properly恰当地improperly不恰当地9：Britishpeoplesay“hello”or“nicetomeetyou”andshakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthefirsttime.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。(1)shake过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking常用短语：shakeone’shands握某人的手；shakehandswithsb.与某人握手waveone’shands挥某人的手；wavetosb.向某人挥手(2)handvt.常用短语：handin上交，交上去(给老师或上级)handout散发，分发10：Britishpeopleonlygreetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.(P66)英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。close①vt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：Sheclosedthedoorsoftly.②adj.近的,接近的(+to)。如：Hishouseisclosetothefactory.(关系)密切的,亲密的。如：Sheisaclosefriendoftheirs.③adv.接近,靠近地(+to)。如：Theyliveclosetothemuseum.紧密地,紧紧地。如：Annafollowedclosebehind.④closelyadv.密切地（抽象概念）workclosely【拓展】closedadj.关闭的，反义词为open。如：Helikessleepingwiththewindowclosed.11：Butpleaseavoidsubjectslikeage,weight,music,booksorsomethingelse.(P66)但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。avoidvt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如：Weshoulddoeverythingcarefullytoavoidmakingmistakes.12：Dopeopletherebehavepolitelyinpublic?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？(1)behavevt/vi.表现名词形式behavior表现；行为，举止(2)publicn.民众，群体；adj.公共的，公开的。如：Thepubliclikewatchingfilmslikethis.Pleasepaymoreattentiontothepublicsignswhenwalkinginthestreet.inpublic公开地，在别人面前。如：Don’tspeakloudlyinpublic.13：Theythinkit’srudetopushinbeforeothers.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。(1)rudeadj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness;反义词polite常用短语：berudeto对…粗鲁，如：Weshouldn’tberudetoanyone.(2)pushv.推，反义词为pull，v.拉常用短语：pushin插队，加塞；插嘴14：Also,iftheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet,they’llsay“sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。bumpinto撞上，碰上【知识拓展】fallinto落入，陷入runinto撞上，碰上breakinto破门而入，非法进入turn…into把…变成…15：They’llsay“excuseme”andbepoliteenoughtowaittillyoumove.(P67)他们将会说“打扰”并很礼貌地等你直到你移动为止。在肯定句中，till一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until，构成not…until…的结构，意为“直到…才…”如：Shewillwaitheretill/until10.Tomdidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：Thebuswillnotgotill/untilallthepeoplegetonit.16：Britishpeopleareverypoliteathomeaswell,aren’tthey?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?too;also;either;as

well;

as

well

as辨析as

well

as①放句中用aswellas，放句末用aswell；aswellas用在主语后，要用就远原则，如：Heaswellashisparentsisgoingtothemarket.主语看作三单②

用来表示同级比较,

指“一样好”。如：

He

plays

the

guitar

as

well

as

you.

Heswimsaswellas,ifnotbetterthan,me.17：Shedidnotjointhediscussion.(P71)她没有加入讨论。discussionn.讨论动词形式discuss常用短语：underdiscussion18.dosth.byaccident偶然，碰巧19.expressoneselfclearly20.举行一个关于……的演讲holdatalkon....注意：介词on21.它将会在星期天下午两点钟举行。Itwilltakeplaceat2onSundayafternoon.我们将举行一个关于好的餐桌礼仪的演讲。Wearegoingtoholdatalkongoodtablemanners.注意：hold和takeplace的区别:hold是举办人做主语，宾语是举办的活动比赛等；takeplace是活动比赛做主语，后面没有宾语。22：Helpexplainthingsandgiveususefulinformation.(P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。explainvt./vi.及物动词的用法为explaintosb.sth.或explainsth.tosb.即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词to。如：Heexplainedtomethedifficultmathsproblem.=Heexplainedthedifficultmathsproblemtome.23：keepusfromdanger(P72)使我们远离危险keepsb./sthawayfromsth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事如：Hekeepshisdogawayfromhisbedroom.Tomkepthislittlebrotherfrombotheringhim.24：warnusagainstsomething(P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情warnvt.警告，提醒第三人称单数：warns过去分词：warned现在分词：warning过去式：warnedwarn用法如下：①warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如：Hewarnedusnottostayuplate.②warnsb.of/aboutsth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如：Hewarnedthedangerofthecaraccident.warningn.警告，提醒。如：Togiveawarning,hewavedhishandsquickly.25：Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethatsignjustnow.(P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。noticevt.意为"注意到,留心,看到"。常用于noticesb.dosth.;noticesb.doingsth.结构中。如：DidyounoticeJackcomein?Didyounoticehishandshaking?noticen.意为"布告,公告,启事",是可数名词。如：Thereisanoticeontheofficegatesaying"NoParking".作名词常用的词组有：①takenoticeofsb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。如:Takenoticeofwhattheysay.②takenonoticeofsb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。如:Takenonoticeofhisangrywords-heisnotwell.26：Everybodywillbeluckyorsuccessfulsometimeintheirlife.(P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地successn.成功。succeedvi.成功；如：Hissuccessmakesmewanttobesuccessfulinthenearfuture.We

all

want

to

succeed.

常用短语：besuccessfulatsth.=dosth.successfully=succeedinsth./doingsth.27：Risklosingeverythingallatonetime.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。riskvt.冒…的危险;

使…冒风险（或面临危险）;

第三人称单数：risks过去分词：risked现在分词：risking过去式：risked常用短语：risksth/doingsth冒…什么危险/冒险做某事。如：Heriskedwalkingaloneinthedark.riskn.危险，冒险;

常用短语：atrisk在危险中attheriskof冒...之险;不顾...之风险run/taketheriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事。如：We’dbetternotruntheriskofcatchingacoldbywalkingwithoutanumbrellaintherain.28：Justasthesayinggoes.(P75)正如谚语所说。saying谚语常见的谚语有：DoasRomansdoinRome.入乡随俗。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。Nopains,nogains.不劳无获。Burnthecandlesatbothends.操劳过度。Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。Itneverrainsbutitpours.不雨则已，一雨倾盆。Itrainscatsanddogs.大雨磅礴。Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴火焰高。Everydoghasitsday.人人都有得意日。Putallyoureggsinonebasket.孤注一掷。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerthantheotherside.这山看着那山高。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.行动胜过语言。Eastorwest,homeisthebest.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。Likeandlikemakegoodfriends.趣味相投。It'snevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Easiersaidthandone.说起来容易做起来难。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。29：Otherwise,youwillbecometiredout.(P75)否则，你将会筋疲力尽。tiredadj.累的，疲倦的（指人）；tiringadj.令人累的，令人疲倦的（指物）。常用短语：betiredof对...感到厌倦如：Iamtiredoflivingaboard.30：conclusion(P76)结论conclusionn.结论;

结局;

断定，决定;

推论;

复数：conclusionsconcludev.下结论。如：Toconclude,heishonest.=Inconclusion,heishonest.31：Thepurposeofthetalkistoteachstudentsrulesforeating.(P77)讲座的目的是教学生吃饭的规矩。此处的toteach放在is的后面，做表语。动词不定式还可以放在名词的后面做后置定语。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.32：Aboveall,whenyouaresittingatthetable,youshouldnotstarteatinguntileveryoneisready.(P77)最重要的是，当你做在饭桌旁，你不应该开饭直到每个人都准备好。aboveall最重要的是，如：Aboveall,itneedsawisedecision.一般放在句首，加“，”，其他all短语：inall总计afterall毕竟firstofall首先atthetable在桌子旁有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：①attable在吃饭；atthetable在桌子旁②inclass在上课；intheclass在班级中③gotoschool去上学;gototheschool到那所学校去④gotobed上床睡觉;gotothebed到床那边去⑤infrontof在…的前面;inthefrontof在…的前部.33：Theserulesareimportantbecauseweshouldmakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarecomfortableatthetable.(P77)这些规矩很重要，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。make

sure用法—

Make

sure

of

his

coming

before

you

set

off.

—

I

make

sure

(that)

he

would

come.

二、语法Grammar1.使用enoughto“be+形容词+enough+todosth.”意为“足够……做某事”。常用来描述某人的一种个性或能力。注意其中的形容词用原级。e.g汤姆足够强壮，能搬得动这块石头。______________________________他足够细心，把每个细节都核对过了。_______________________________我已经足够大了，有自由去做我喜欢做的事了。______________________________【答案】Tomisstrongenoughtomovethestone.Hewascarefulenoughtocheckeverydetail.IamoldenoughtohavethefreedomtodowhatIliketodo.2.使用too…to我们可以使用“be+too+形容词+todosth”结构来表达一个否定的结果。其中的形容词要用原级。e.g你太胖了，跳不高。______________________________________那个时候这个女孩因太害怕而动不了了。_______________________________________今天早晨他太迟了，没赶上早班车。_____________________________________注意上述两个结构之间的相互转换：“be+too+形容词+todosth”结构常常可以转换为“benot+（对应反义）形容词+enough+todosth”。e.g他妹妹太小了，还不能照顾自己。__________________________________=__________________________________他太虚弱了以至于搬不动这只箱子。________________________________=________________________________【答案】Youaretoofattojumphigh.Thegirlwastoofrightenedtomoveatthattime.Hewastoolatethismorningtocatchtheearlybus.Hissisteristooyoungtotakecareofherself.=Heisn’toldenoughtotakecareofherself.Heistooweaktocarrythebox.=Heisn’tstrongenoughtocarrythebox.三、词组归纳1.你是什么意思？ Whatdoyoumean?2.这个单词是什么意思？ Whatdoesthewordmean?=Whatisthemeaningoftheword?=Whatdoyoumeanbytheword?3.活到老学到老。 Youarenevertoooldtolearn.4.到处扔垃圾 droplittereverywhere5.让水龙头流淌 leavethetaprunning6.遵守交通规则 obeytrafficrules7.排队等候轮到你

queue

for

your

turn9.问候人的正确的方式 theproperwaytogreetpeople10.做某事的方法 thewaytodosth.=thewayofdoingsth.11.与某人握手 shakeone’shand=shakehandswithsb.12.用亲吻问候人 greetpeoplewithakiss13.在公共场所表现有礼貌(行为得体) behavepolitelyinpublic14.插队到别人前面 pushinbeforeothers15.插嘴，打断别人的讲话 cutinonothers16.撞上某人 bumpintosomeone17.和…相撞 crashinto…/crashagainst…18.挡住某人的道 inone’sway19.在许多方面 inmanyways20.在某种程度上 insomeways21.用这种方法 inthisway22.顺便问一下 bytheway23.在公共场所保持你的声音很低 keepyourvoicedowninpublic24.正如谚语所说：入乡随俗。 Asthesayinggoes,“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo”.25.偶然、意外地 byaccident26.写下所有的要点 writedownallthemainpoints27.他太忙于和他的朋友谈话而没有看电视。HeistoobusytalkingwithhisfriendtowatchTV.28.公开地、在别人面前 inpublic29.保持我们安全免受危险 keepussafefromdanger30.实现他的梦想 realizehisdream31.演讲的目的是教学生吃饭的规矩。Thepurposeofthetalkistoteachstudentsrulesforeating.32.张着嘴吃 eatwithyourmouthopen33.越过别人的盘子夹东西 reachoversomeone’splateforsomething34.我们应该知道这些规则以确保主人和客人在桌旁都很舒服。Weshouldknowtheserulestomakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarecomfortableatthetable.34.举办一个有关良好餐桌礼仪的演讲 holdatalkongoodtablemanners35.篮球赛将在下周二举行。 ThebasketballgamewilltakeplacenextTuesday.36.将有很多关于餐桌礼仪的规矩 Therewillbealotofrulesontablemanners.37.首要的是 aboveall38.冒着一次性失去一切的风险 risklosingeverythingallatonetime39.避免谈论年龄、体重或金钱 avoidtalkingaboutage,weightormoney40.按照当地人所做的去做 doasthelocalpeopledo易错题分析易错题分析语法部分：完成句子我弟弟太小，清楚地表达自己有点困难。Myyoungerbrotherisso_________________________________________________________.他们要在学校礼堂举办一场有关良好餐桌礼仪的讲座，真是足够友好。Theyarekind___________________________________________________intheschoolhall.彼得写字太慢了，在课上没有写下所有的要点。Peterwrote_______________________________________________________inclass.【答案】youngthatitisdifficultforhimtoexpresshimselfclearlyenoughtoholdatalkongoodtablemannerssoslowlythathedidn’twrotedownallthemainpoints词汇句型部分：一、单项选择1.--What’sthemeaningofsayingontheblackboard?--Youmeanone,“Theearlybirdcatchestheworm”?A.the;theB.a;aC.the;anD.a;the2.Ifyoubumpintosomeoneinthedininghall,youshouldsay“”tohim.A.helloB.sorryC.excusemeD.nevermind3.Weshouldtrytoaccidents.A.riskB.expressC.behaveD.avoid4.Hekeptmeformanyhours.A.towaitB.waitC.waitedD.waiting5.Pleasetellhimhere.A.don’tsmokeB.nosmokeC.nottosmokeD.notsmoke6.There’sa(n)thatbehindeverysuccessfulmanthere’sawoman.A.sayingB.signC.ideaD.picture7.Mylittlebrotheristooyoungdresshimself.A.thathecan’tB.hecanC.unableD.to8.ThemanhandswithmyteacherisJim’sfather.A.isshakingB.shakingC.shookD.wasshaking9.Motherwarnedtheelectriclamp.A.nottotouchB.himnottotouchC.himnottouchingD.himnottouch10.---IfIworkhardatmylessonsfromnowon,canIdowellinthem?---Sure..A.Allriversrunintothesea.B.EverydayisnotSunday.C.Betterlatethannever.D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】ABDDCADBBC二、动词填空1.I'mthinkingof_______(join)thewritingcompetition.2.It'salittledifficultforus-_______(achieve)ourdreamrightnow,butweshouldnevergiveup.3.-Didyounoticeanybodyenterthebuildingjustnow?-Sorry,I_______(cut)downthetreeinthegarden.4.-_______you_______(finish)yourhomework?-Notyet.I_______(finish)itintwohours.5.Haveyo