阅读理解之研究报告类-2025年新高考英语模拟试题分类汇编（解析版）

2025年新高考优秀英语模拟试题优选分类汇编

阅读理解之研究报告

分类标准（新素材）

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研究报告类说明文经常出现在英语试题中的CD篇，难度适中上。本资料选取了全国模拟；

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试题中的研究报告素材进行了汇编，以满足广大师生的需求。

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Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked-feelingyourjoyatcompletingatask,your

boredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeepsemerging.Thismightsoundlike

sciencefiction,butresearchersarebringingthisvisionclosertorealitybydevelopingadvancedcomputationalmodelsthat

canpredicthumanemotionsduringcomputerinteractions.

AttheforefrontofthiseffortisateamofFinnishscientistswhohavecreatedamodel.Themodelessentiallyputs

itselfintheuser'sshoes,simulating（模拟）theseriesofactions,outcomes,andcognitiveappraisals（认知评估）that

ultimatelygiverisetoemotionslikehappiness,boredom,orfrustration.

Totesttheirmodel,theresearchersdesignedaseriesofinteractivecomputertasksmeanttocausespecificemotions.

Inthe"happiness"task,usersansweredaseriesofquestionsandreceivedpositivefeedbackforcorrectresponses.The

“boredom“taskinvolvedaseriesofrepetitivequestions.Inthe“frustration"task,thesystemwasintentionallyprogrammed

todisplayerrormessagesandultimatelyfail,regardlessoftheuser'sanswers.

Asstudyparticipantsworkedthroughthesetasks,theemotionalreactionspredictedbythemodelcloselymatchedthe

emotionsreportedbytheusersthemselves.Themodelwasevenabletodiscoversmallchanges,suchasasteadyincreasein

frustrationoverthecourseoftheerror-riddentask.

Theresearchersbelievetheiremotion-predictingmodelcouldpavethewayforanewgenerationofemotionally

intelligentcomputersthatcantailortheirbehaviortotheuser'spsychologicalstate.Aneffectivesystemmightoffera

stressedusercomfortingwordsofencouragement,livenupaboringtaskwithhumor,orprovideemotionalassistancewhen

frustrationmounts."Bycreatinginteractionsthataremoreemotionallyattuned,designerscouldboostuserengagement,

productivity,andoverallwell-being,,,theyadd.

However,themodelisstillinprogressandneedstobeextendedtorecognizeawiderrangeofemotionsacrossmore

complex,real-worldcomputerinteractions.Theresearchersalsoemphasizetheimportanceofgatheringmorediverse

trainingdatatoensurethemodelcanaccuratelypredictemotionsforusersofallbackgrounds.

32.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?

A.Bymakingacomparison.B.Bycreatinganimaginaryscene.

C.Bytellingareallifestory.D.Bysharingapopularbook.

33.Whatwerecomputerusersaskedtodointhestudy?

A.Comforteachother.B.Reporttheirfeelings.

C.Getridofboredom.D.Staydisconnectedonline.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Greatimprovementsonthemodel.B.Characteristicsoffuturecomputerusers.

C.Researchers5expectationoftheirmodel.D.Computerusers'responsestothemodel.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SmartComputersMayReplaceHumans

B.InteractionswithComputersAreEnjoyable

C.ComputersMightUnderstandOurEmotions

D.AnEmotion-predictingModelMeetsChallenges

【答案】32.B33.B34.C35.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。芬兰科学家设计了能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型。这

一模型有望为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路。

32.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked—feelingyour

joyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeeps

emerging.（想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪一感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无

聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。）”可知，作者通过创造一个想象中的场景来引入文本的主题，即计算机能

够感知用户的情绪。故选B项。

33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inthe"happiness"task,usersansweredaseriesofquestionsandreceivedpositive

feedbackforcorrectresponses.The“boredom“taskinvolvedaseriesofrepetitivequestions.Inthe“frustration"task,the

systemwasintentionallyprogrammedtodisplayerrormessagesandultimatelyfail,regardlessoftheuser'sanswers.（在“幸

福”任务中，用户回答了一系列问题，并收到了正确答案的积极反馈。“无聊”任务涉及一系列重复的问题。在“挫折”

任务中，系统被有意编程为显示错误消息并最终失败，而不管用户的答案如何。）”可知，参与者在不同任务中被要

求回答问题、接受反馈等任务，而这些任务设计的目的是引发特定的情绪，即计算机使用者在研究中需要告知他们

的感受。故选B项。

34.主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Theresearchersbelievetheiremotion-predictingmodelcouldpavethewayforanew

generationofemotionallyintelligentcomputersthatcantailortheirbehaviortotheuser'spsychologicalstate.（研究人员相

信，他们的情绪预测模型可以为新一代情绪智能计算机铺平道路，这些计算机可以根据用户的心理状态调整他们的

行为。）”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员对这个模型的期待一希望它能为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路，而不是

模型本身的改进、未来计算机用户的特点或计算机用户对模型的反应。故选C项。

35.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"Picturethis:Yourcomputercouldsenseyouremotionsasyouworked一feelingyour

joyatcompletingatask,yourboredomduringrepetitivedataentry,oryourfrustrationwhenanerrormessagekeeps

emerging.（想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪一感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无

聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。）"和第二段"Attheforefi-ontofthiseffortisateamofFinnishscientistswho

havecreatedamodel.Themodelessentiallyputsitselfintheuser'sshoes,simulating（模拟）theseriesofactions,outcomes,

andcognitiveappraisals（认矢口评估）thatultimatelygiverisetoemotionslikehappiness,boredom,orfrustration.（这项工作

的最前沿是一个芬兰科学家团队，他们创建了一个模型。该模型本质上是设身处地地为用户着想，模拟一系列最终

导致幸福、无聊或沮丧等情绪的行为、结果和认知评估。”'可知，本文主要介绍了芬兰科学家设计的能够预测人类

在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型，这说明计算机也许能够理解人类的情绪了。故选C项。

2.（2025•甘青宁三省多校高三九月联考）

Mammoths,themassivepre-historiciceagecousinsofthemodern-dayelephant,havealwaysbeenunderstoodto

haveinhabitedpartsofBritishColumbia,butthequestionofwhenhasalwaysbeenwoolly.Now,anewstudyfromSimon

FraserUniversityhasgivenscientiststheclearestpictureyetofwhenthegiantmammals（巨型哺孚L动物）walkedon

VancouverIsland.

AspartofSFUresearcherLauraTermes9PhDandpublishedearlierthismonthintheCanadianJournalofEarth

Sciences,thestudyexamined32suspectedmammothsamplescollectedonVancouverIsland.Ofthosesamples,just16

wereconsideredfitforradiocarbondating.

Theyoungestsamplewasfoundtobearound23,000yearsoldandtheoldestturnedouttobebeyondtherange

radiocarbondatingcouldmeasure,meaningitwasolderthan45,000years.

Priortothestudy,onlytwomammothremainsfoundonVancouverIslandhadeverbeendatedbefore.Bothlived

around21,000yearsago,sothisstudyprovidesagreaterunderstandingofwhenthemassivemammalslivedinthearea.

Termessays,"Wewereexpectingsimilarresultstothetwosamplespreviouslydated,butwhatwefoundwere

mammothsthatweremucholder.Itisfantasticthattheycouldbepreservedforthatlong.”

TermessayshavingthesupportattheRoyalBCMuseumandtheCourtenayandDistrictMuseumandPalaeontology

Centreallowingaccesstotheircollectionsisinvaluabletothestudy.

“Thisresearchhighlightstheimportantroleofmuseumcollectionsforunderstandinghowlifehasevolvedand

changedinBritishColumbia'sdeephistory,9,saysVictoriaArbour,whoworksattheRoyalBCMuseum."It'sgreattosee

mammoths9relativesintheRoyalBCMuseum'scollectionsinthespotlightthroughthisresearch.^^

""Researchersneedallthehelptheycangetbecausewhilemammothswereenormous,findingcompletesamplesin

BritishColumbiaisactuallyquiterare,“saysTermes.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“woolly“inparagraph1mostprobablymean?

A.Certain.B.Attractive.C.Confusing.D.Understandable.

29.Whatcanweknowaboutradiocarbondatingaccordingtothetext?

A.Mammothremainswerenotdatedbyit.

B.32suspectedmammothsampleswerefitforit.

C.Itcanexactlydatetheoldestmammothsample.

D.Itmeasuressamplesnoolderthan45,000years.

30.HowdoesTermesfeelabouttheresearchresults?

A.Excited.B.Regretful.C.Worried.D.Calm.

31.Whyaremuseumcollectionsmentionedinthetext?

A.Todiscussawaytopopularizelocalmuseums.

B.Topointoutthelimitationsofsamplingmethods.

C.Toshowcompletemammothsampleswereenormous.

D.Tostressresearchonmammothscallsforjointefforts.

【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。猛吗象是现代大象的史前冰河时代的表亲，人们一直认为它们居住在不列颠哥伦比亚

省的部分地区，但时间问题总是模糊不清。如今，研究人员有了新发现。

28.词句猜测题。由文章第一段"Mammoths,themassivepre-historiciceagecousinsofthemodern-dayelephant,have

alwaysbeenunderstoodtohaveinhabitedpartsofBritishColumbia,butthequestionofwhenhasalwaysbeenwoolly.Now,

anewstudyfromSimonFraserUniversityhasgivenscientiststheclearestpictureyetofwhenthegiantmammals（巨型哺

乳动物）walkedonVancouverIsland.（猛鸡象是现代大象在史前冰河时代的表亲，人们一直认为它们在不列颠哥伦比

亚省的部分地区有栖息地，但具体是什么时候的问题一直很woolly。现在，西蒙弗雷泽大学的一项新研究为科学家

们提供了迄今为止最清晰的画面，即巨型哺乳动物何时在温哥华岛行走。）”可知，关于猛鸡象何时在温哥华岛生存

的问题一直是模糊的，因此woolly在此处表示“令人困惑的”。A.Certain当然；B.Attractive吸引人的；C.Confusing

令人困惑的；D.Understandable可以理解的。故选C。

29.细节理解题。由文章第三段“Theyoungestsamplewasfoundtobearound23,000yearsoldandtheoldestturnedoutto

bebeyondtherangeradiocarbondatingcouldmeasure,meaningitwasolderthan45,000years.（最年轻的样本大约有

23000年的历史，而最古老的样本超出了放射性碳测年法可以测量的范围，这意味着它的历史超过了45000年。户

可知，通过放射性碳定年法可以测量到的样品最老不会超过45,000年。故选D。

30.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的"Termessays,“Wewereexpectingsimilarresultstothetwosamplespreviouslydated,

butwhatwefoundweremammothsthatweremucholder.Itisfantasticthattheycouldbepreservedforthatlong.^^（特尔梅

斯说：“我们期待与之前确定日期的两个样本的结果相似，但我们发现的是更古老的猛吗象。它们能被保存这么长

时间真是太棒了。可知，他对研究结果感到非常兴奋，认为能够保存这么长时间的猛鸡象是非常了不起的。故选

Ao

31.推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段中的"TermessayshavingthesupportattheRoyalBCMuseumandtheCourtenayand

DistrictMuseumandPalaeontologyCentreallowingaccesstotheircollectionsisinvaluabletothestudy.（特尔梅斯说，得

到皇家不列颠哥伦比亚省博物馆、考特尼和地区博物馆以及古生物学中心的支持，允许他们访问他们的藏品，对这

项研究来说是无价的可知，博物馆的藏品对于这项研究非常重要，因为博物馆提供了支持和访问其藏品的机会。

因此，博物馆藏品在文章中被提及是为了强调猛吗象的研究需要各方的共同努力。故选D。

3.（2025•福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模）WhenIteachresearchmethods,amajorfocusispeer

review.Asaprocess,peerreviewevaluatesacademicpapersfortheirquality,integrityandimpactonafield,largely

shapingwhatscientistsacceptas“knowledge”-Byinstinct,anyacademicfollowsupanewideawiththequestion,€tWas

thatpeerreviewed?^^

AlthoughIbelieveintheimportanceofpeerreviewandIhelpdopeerreviewsforseveralacademicjournals-Iknow

howvulnerabletheprocesscanbe.

IhadmyfirstencounterwithpeerreviewduringmyfirstyearasaPh.Dstudent.Oneday,myadviserhandedmean

essayandtoldmetohavemy-writtenreviewbacktohiminaweek.Butatthetime,Icertainlywasnota"peer"-Iwas

toonewinmyfield.Manipulateddata（不实的数据）orsubstandardmethodscouldeasilyhavegoneundetected.

Knowledgeisnotself-evident.Onlyexpertswouldbeabletonoticethem,andeventhen,expertsdonotalwaysagreeon

whattheynotice.

LefssayinmylifeIonlyseewhiteswans.MaybeIwriteanessay,concludingthatallswansarewhite.Anda"peer”

says,"Waitaminute,I'veseenblackswans."Iwouldhavetorefinemyknowledge.

Thepeerplaysakeyroleevaluatingobservationswiththeoverallgoalofadvancingknowledge.Forexample,ifthe

abovestorywerereversed,andpeerreviewerswhoallbelievedthatallswanswerewhitecameacrossthefirststudy

observingablackswan,thestudywouldreceivealotofattention.

Sowhywasafirst-yeargraduatestudentgettingtostandinforanexpert?Whywouldmyreviewcountthesameas

anexperfsreview?Oneanswer:Theprocessreliesalmostentirelyonunpaidlabor.

Despitethefactthatpeersareprofessionals,peerreviewisnotaprofession.Asaresult,thesameover-worked

scholarsoftenreceivemassesofthepeerreviewrequests.Besidesthelaborinequity,asmallpoolofexpertscanleadtoa

narrowedprocessofwhatispublishableorwhatcountsasknowledge,directlythreateningdiversityofperspectivesand

scholars.Withoutalargeenoughreviewerpool,theprocesscaneasilyfallvictimtobiases,arisingfromasmallcommunity

recognizingeachother5sworkandcompromisingconflictsofinterest.

Despitethesechallenges,Istilltellmystudentsthatpeerreviewoffersthebestmethodforevaluatingstudiesand

advancingknowledge.Asaprocess,peerreviewtheoreticallyworks.Thequestioniswhethertheissueswithpeerreview

canbeaddressedbyprofessionalizingthefield.

32.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeerreviewinthefirstparagraph?

A.Itgeneratesknowledge.B.Itiscommonlypracticed.

C.Itisamajorresearchmethod.D.Itisquestionedbysomescientists.

33.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheexampleofswans?

A.Complexityofpeerreviewensuresitsreliability.

B.Contradictionsbetweenscientistsmaybebalanced.

C.Individualscanbelimitedbypersonalexperiences.

D.Expertsshoulddetectunscientificobservationmethods.

34.Whatistheauthor'smajorconcernaboutpeerreview?

A.Workloadforscholars.B,Toughnessoftheprocess.

C・Diversificationofpublications.D.Financialsupporttoreviewers.

35.Thepassageismainlyabout

A.whatfuelspeerreviewB.whypeerreviewisimperfect

C.hownewhandsadvancepeerreviewD.whetherpeerreviewersareunderrated

【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是作者对于同行评议不完美的原因的分析。

32.推理判断题。根据第一段"Byinstinct,anyacademicfollowsupanewideawiththequestion,atWasthatpeer

reviewed?”（出于本能，任何学者在提出新想法后都会问：“这个想法经过同行评议了吗？"广可知，从第一段中我们

可以了解到同行评议是普遍的做法。故选B。

33.推理判断题。根据第四段"Let'ssayinmylifeIonlyseewhiteswans.MaybeIwriteanessay,concludingthatallswans

arewhite.Anda"peer"says,“Waitaminute,Tveseenblackswans."Iwouldhavetorefinemyknowledge.（比方说，在我

的生活中，我只看到白天鹅。也许我可以写一篇文章，总结说所有的天鹅都是白色的。一个“同伴”说，“等一下，我

见过黑天鹅。”我得完善我的知识。）”可知，从天鹅的例子可以推断出个人可能会受到个人经历的限制。故选C。

34.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Theprocessreliesalmostentirelyonunpaidlabor.（这个过程几乎完全依赖于无偿劳

动力o）”和倒数第二段“Asaresult,thesameover-workedscholarsoftenreceivemassesofthepeerreviewrequests.（结果，

同样是那些过度劳累的学者经常收到大量的同行评审请求。）”可知，作者对同行评议的主要担忧是对评审的财政支

持。故选D。

35.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“AlthoughIbelieveintheimportanceofpeerreviewandIhelpdopeerreviews

forseveralacademicjournals-Iknowhowvulnerabletheprocesscanbe.（虽然我相信同行评议的重要性，我也为几家学

术期刊做同行评议，但我知道这个过程有多脆弱。）”可知，本文主要讲的是作者对于同行评议不完美的原因的分析，

因此B选项“whypeerreviewisimperfect（为什么同行评议是不完美的）”是本文的主旨。故选B。

4.（2025•全国名校协作体高三上学期10月联考）Inhighereducation,wheremeritocracy（任人唯贤）and

objectivityarehighlyvalued,onemightassumethatthealphabeticalorderofstudents5surnamesplaysnorolein

determiningtheiracademicsuccess.However,recentresearchsuggestsotherwise.

AstudyconductedbyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,analyzingover30milliongradingrecords,revealsa

surprisingfinding:studentswithsurnamesthatappearearlierinthealphabettendtoreceivehighergradescomparedtotheir

counterpartswithlateralphabeticalplacements.Thisbiasisparticularlystrikinginlargeclassesorcourseswhere

assignmentsaresubmitteddigitallythroughplatformslikeCanvas,awidelyusedonlinelearningmanagementsystem.

Systemslikethistypicallyarrangestudentsubmissionsalphabeticallybydefault（系统默认）.Asaresult,studentswith

surnamestowardstheendofthealphabet,suchasthosestartingwithYorZ,tendtoreceivelowergradesonaverage

comparedtotheirpeerswithsurnamesfromthebeginningofthealphabet.

Thisphenomenonisattributedtoaneffectknownas"'sequentialgradingbias”,whichreferstoanunintentional

advantageordisadvantagethatstudentsmayfaceduetotheorderinwhichtheirworkisevaluated.Forexample,job

interviewcandidateswhoareinterviewedlaterinthedaymayberatedmoreharshlycomparedtothosewhowentearlier.In

thecontextofalphabeticalordering,instructorsoftenbegingradingfromthetopofthelist,wheresurnamesstartingwith

letterslikeAorBappear.Thisinitialadvantagecanunintentionallyinfluencegradingpatterns,whereearlypapersmight

receivemorefavorableassessmentscomparedtothoseevaluatedlater.However,theexamsthataregradedinthereverse

orderinwhichtheyaresubmittedmayshowanoppositetrend.

Educationalinstitutionsandpolicymakersareencouragedtoexplorealternativegradingstrategiesthatmitigate

alphabeticalbiases.Suggestionsincluderandomizedgradingorders,namelesssubmissions,ordeliberateeffortsto

counteractfirstimpressionsthroughdiverseevaluationcriteria.Byaddressingthesebiasesproactively,institutionscan

fosterfairerandmoreinclusivelearningenvironmentswherestudentperformanceisevaluatedimpartiallybasedonmerit

ratherthansurnameplacement.

32.WhydoestheauthormentionCanvasinthecontextofthestudy?

A.Topromotetheuseofdigitalplatformsforacademicpurposes.

B.Tohighlightthepopularityofonlinelearningmanagementsystems.

C.Toemphasizetheimpactofdigitallearningplatformsongradingbiases.

D.Todemonstratethediversegradingstandardsofdigitallearningplatforms.

33.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate"mean?

A.Complicate.

B.Simplify.

C.Fuel.

D.Reduce.

34.Accordingtothetext,onesuggestedalternativegradingstrategyshouldbebasedon.

A.thestudenfssurname

B.randomgradingsequence

C.randomfirstimpression

D.thestudenfssubmissiontime

35.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.InequalityIssuesviaDigitalLearningSystems

B.StrategiesforOvercomingBiasinGradingSystems

C.UnintendedConsequencesofAlphabeticalGrading

D.TheCauseofSequentialGradingonStudentPerformance

【答案】32.C33.D34.B35.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员惊讶地发现：与按字母顺序排列较晚的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中出现较早的

学生往往获得更高的成绩。

32.推理判断题。由文章第二段“Thisbiasisparticularlystrikinginlargeclassesorcourseswhereassignmentsare

submitteddigitallythroughplatformslikeCanvas,awidelyusedonlinelearningmanagementsystem.Systemslikethis

typicallyarrangestudentsubmissionsalphabeticallybydefault（系统默认）.Asaresult,studentswithsurnamestowardsthe

endofthealphabet,suchasthosestartingwithYorZ,tendtoreceivelowergradesonaverage（这种偏见在通过Canvas等

广泛使用的在线学习管理系统以数字方式提交作业的大班或课程中尤为明显。默认情况下，这样的系统通常按字母

顺序排列学生提交的内容。因此，姓氏在字母表末尾的学生，如以Y或Z开头的学生，平均成绩往往较低户可知，

作者在研究中提到了Canvas,以强调数字学习平台对评分偏差的影响。故选C项。

33.词句猜测题。由最后——段“Educationalinstitutionsandpolicymakersareencouragedtoexplorealternativegrading

strategiesthatmitigatealphabeticalbiases.（鼓励教育机构和政策制定者探索_字母偏差的替代评分策略。）”以及上文可

知,现在在线学习管理系统存在评分偏差问题，所以这里希望有新的平台可以“减少”这种字母偏差。所以猜测mitigate

表“减少”的意思。故选D项。

34.细节理解题。由文章最后一段"Suggestionsincluderandomizedgradingorders,namelesssubmissions,ordeliberate

effortstocounteractfirstimpressionsthroughdiverseevaluationcriteria.（建议包括随机评分顺序、匿名提交或通过不同

的评估标准刻意抵消第一印象。厂可知，一种对现在评分策略替代的建议是按照随机序列评分。故选B项。

35.主旨大意题。由第二段“AstudyconductedbyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,analyzingover30million

gradingrecords,revealsasurprisingfinding:studentswithsurnamesthatappearearlierinthealphabettendtoreceive

highergradescomparedtotheircounterpartswithlateralphabeticalplacements.（密歇根大学的研究人员进行的一项研究

分析了3000多万条评分记录，揭示了一个令人惊讶的发现：与按字母顺序排列较晚的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中

出现较早的学生往往获得更高的成绩。）”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲研究人员惊讶地发现与按字母顺序排列较晚

的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中出现较早的学生往往获得更高的成绩。所以C项UnintendedConsequencesof

AlphabeticalGrading（按字母顺序评分的意外结果）符合文意。故选C项。

5.（2025•贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性）

Formillionsofyears,bees,mothsandotherpollinatorshaveusedscents（香气）tolocateflowersandtransferpollen（花

粉）toanyflowerstheylatervisit.Butsomethingischangingtoday.Whenthescentsofflowersinteractwithcertainair

pollutants（污染物）atnight,keyscentsaredestroyed.Mothsandothernighttimepollinatorsmayfindithardtorecognizethe

flowerstheywereseeking,researchersshow.

TheSeattleteamconductedfieldandlabtestswithaplant——thepaleeveningprimrose.EcologistJeremyChanputbags

overpaleeveningprimrosestotraptheflowers5scent.Thenhetookthescentbacktothelab,alongwithsomemoths.They

releasedtheprimrosescentandmothsintoawindtunnelthatcouldmimicconditionsinanoutdoorfield.Atonce,they

watchedthemothseasilyflyingstraightupwindandtrackingthescent.Butitwasdifferentwhenpollutants,likeozoneand

nitrogendioxide,wereaddedtothemix.Now,themothsflewinaline.Theyseemedtobeseekingthescent-often

withoutsuccess.

Theteamthendecidedtotestitsfindingsinnatureatnight.Theresultwasthesame.Whenthisscentwasmixedwiththe

pollutants,moths'visitsdropped.Somemothsevenneverfoundasingleflowerduringthetests.Besides,thesamereactions

couldhurtflowers5scentsbyday.Butbecausesunlightcanbreakdownozone,theproblemisHkelymoreseriousfornight

pollinators.

AsEarth'sclimatewarms,ifslikelythatamixofpollutantswillcontinuetoclimb.Suchconditionscouldworsenthe

pollutionthreattoflowers9scentsandplantpollination.C6Asweknow,pollinationisimportanttofoodgrowers”,notedJoel

Thornton.He'sanatmosphericscientistintheteam.Hesaidpollutioncouldposeanewtypeofthreattofarming.

8.Whydomothshavetroublefindingoutflowerstoday?

A.Flowers5scentsinterruptmoth.B.Pollutantsaffectflowers9scents.

C.Flowersarenotavailableatnight.D.Flowersarechangingtheirscents.

9.Howdidtheresearchersgetthefindings?

ABymonitoringmoths'behaviors.B.Bydetectingtheprimrosescent.

C.Byanalyzingthetypesofpollutants.D.Bycomparingscentswithpollutants.

10.WhatdidJoelThorntonthinkofthefindings?

A.Amusing.B.Promising.C.Satisfying.D.Worrying.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Pollinators:LostinPollutantsB.Scents:GonewiththeWind.

C.Pollinators:MasterofaGarden.D.Scents:Nature'sSecretLanguage.

【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最新的一项调查研究发现，空气中的污染物会对花的香味造成一定的影响,

从而影响蜜蜂、飞蛾等授粉者寻找花源。调查研究者认为该现象同时会对农业造成一定的影响。

8.B细节理解题。根据第——段“Whenthescentsofflowersinteractwithcertainairpollutants（污染物）atnight,keyscents

aredestroyed.（当花朵的气味在夜间与某些空气污染物相互作用时，关键的气味就会被破坏）”可知，某些空气污染物

与花香相互作用后，一些关键的香气就会受损，从而导致使授粉者很难找到花源。故选B„

9.A推理判断题。根据第二段“Atonce,theywatchedthemothseasilyflyingstraightupwindandtrackingthescent.Butit

wasdifferentwhenpollutants,likeozoneandnitrogendioxide,wereaddedtothemix.（他们立亥!］看至（J飞蛾轻松地逆风飞行，

追踪气味。但当臭氧和二氧化氮等污染物加入到混合物中时，情况就不同了）”以及“Now,themothsflewina"Z”line.

Theyseemedtobeseekingthescent—oftenwithoutsuccess4现在，飞蛾排成"Z"字形飞行。它们似乎在寻找气味，但

往往没有成功）”可知，研究者们通过观察在有无污染物的环境中，飞蛾飞行行为的变化，从而确定污染物对飞蛾授

粉的影响。故选A。

10.D推理判断题。根据第四段“"Asweknow,pollinationisimportanttofoodgrowers”,notedJoelThornton.He'san

atmosphericscientistintheteam.Hesaidpollutioncouldposeanewtypeofthreattofarming4“我们知道，授粉对粮食种

植者很重要，”乔尔•桑顿指出。他是团队里的大气科学家。他说，污染可能对农业构成一种新的威胁）”可知，研究

团队担心空气中的污染物质会对农业造成威胁，从而影响收成。故选D。

11.A主旨大意题。根据第一段“Formillionsofyears,bees,mothsandotherpollinatorshaveusedscents（香气）tolocate

flowersandtransferpollen（花粉）toanyflowerstheylatervisit.Butsomethingischangingtoday.Whenthescentsofflowers

interactwithcertainairpollutants（污染物）atnight,keyscentsaredestroyed.Mothsandothernighttimepollinatorsmayfind

ithardtorecognizetheflowerstheywereseeking,researchersshow.（数百万年来，蜜蜂、飞蛾和其他传粉媒介利用气味

来定位花朵，并将花粉传递给它们以后访问的任何花朵。但今天有些事情正在发生变化。当花朵的气味在夜间与某

些空气污染物相互作用时，关键的气味就会被破坏。研究人员表示，飞蛾和其他夜间传粉媒介可能很难识别它们正

在寻找的花朵）”结合这篇文章中的研究对象为授粉者，研究发现空气中的污染物会对花的香味造成一定的影响，从

而影响蜜蜂、飞蛾等授粉者寻找花源。A选项“传粉者：消失在污染物中”最符合文章标题。故选A。

6.（2025・贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性）

Inthelastfewdecades,scientistshavemadeenormousbreakthroughsinunderstandinghowourbrainsworkby

monitoringtheminrealtimewithfMRIandPETscanners.Whenpeoplearehookeduptothesemachines,tasks,suchas

readingordoingmathproblems,eachhavecorrespondingareasofthebrainwhereactivitiescanbeobserved.Butwhen

researchersgottheparticipantstolistentomusic,theysawfireworks.Someareasoftheirbrainswerelightingupatonce,as

theyprocessedthesound,tookitaparttounderstandelementslikemelodyandrhythm,andthenputitallbacktogetherinto

combinedmusicalexperience.

Yetwhenscientiststurnedfromobservingthebrainsofmusiclistenerstothoseofmusicians,thelittlebackyard

fireworksbecameamassivecelebration.Itturnsoutthatplayingmusicissimilartoafull-bodyworkout.Playingamusical

instrumentengagespracticallyeveryareaofthebrainatonce,especiallythevisual,auditory,andmotorcortices（大月齿皮层）.

Themostobviousdifferencebetweenlisteningtomusicandplayingit