21N脑神经幻灯片

21N脑神经PartFive

TheNervousSystem

PeripheralNervous

Section2

TheCranialNerves21N脑神经TheCranialNerves(脑神经)IntroductionI.Olfactoryn.(嗅神经)II.Opticn.(视神经)III.Oculomotorn.(动眼神经)IV.Trochlearn.(滑车神经)V.Trigeminaln.(三叉神经)VI.Abducentn.(展神经)21N脑神经TheCranialNerves

IntroductionVII.Facialn.(面神经)VIII.Vestibulocochlearn.(前庭蜗神经)(位听神经)IX.Glossopharyngealn.(舌咽神经)X.Vagusn.(迷走神经)XI.Accessoryn.(副神经)XII.Hypoglossaln.(舌下神经)21N脑神经一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽，迷副舌下十二全。21N脑神经A.ClassificationoftheCranialNerves

1.Sensorynerves(感觉神经):I,II,VIII.2.Motornerves(运动神经):III,IV,VI,XI,XII.3.Mixednerves(混合神经):V,VII,IX,X.TheCranialNerves

Introduction21N脑神经B.ComponentsoftheCranialNerves

1.Sensory(afferent)fibers[感觉(传入)纤维]

1)

generalsomaticsensoryfiber(GSA)(一般躯体感觉纤维):

skinnerveendings(皮肤神经末稍)musclespindles(肌梭)

2)specialsomaticsensoryfiber(SSA)(特殊躯体感觉纤维):

visual(视),hearing(听),balanceorgans(平衡)TheCranialNerves

Introduction21N脑神经3)generalvisceralsensoryfiber(GVA)(一般内脏感觉纤维):allviscera(全部内脏)4)specialvisceralsensoryfiber(SVA)(特殊内脏感觉纤维):olfactory(嗅器)andtaste(味器)21N脑神经2.Motor(efferent)fibers

[运动(传出）纤维]

1)generalsomaticmotorfiber(GSE)(一般躯体运动纤维):musclesoftheeyeandtongue(眼外肌和舌肌)2)generalvisceralmotorfiber(GVE)(一般内脏运动纤维):smoothmm.(平滑肌),cardiacmm.(心肌),glands(腺体)3)specialvisceralmotorfiber(SVE)(特殊内脏运动):skeletalmusclesderivefrombranchialarch(源于鳃弓的骨骼肌)

I鳃弓咀嚼肌,II鳃弓面肌,III-VII鳃弓咽喉肌,胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌

21N脑神经I.TheOlfactoryNerve(嗅神经)-----SVAolfactorybulb(嗅球)Olfactorycells(嗅细胞)withintheolfactoryepitheliumofnasalcavity(在鼻腔内嗅区上皮)olfactoryfilaments(嗅丝)

cribriformforamina[anosmia嗅觉丧失]21N脑神经

II.TheOpticNerve(视神经)SSA

[totalblindness全盲]

photoreceptorcells(感光细胞)

rodcells(视杆细胞)conecells(视锥细胞)Bipolarcells(双极细胞)Ganglioniccells(节细胞)OpticNerveOpticchiasma(视交叉)opticcanal(视神经管)21N脑神经Ⅲ.TheOculomotorNerve(动眼神经)

GSE,GVE

midbrain（中脑）脚间窝superiorrectuslevatorpalpebraesuperioris(上直肌,上睑提肌)inferiorrectusmedialrectusinferioroblique(下直肌,内直肌,下斜肌)[strabismus斜视][眼睑下垂,瞳孔扩大,

眼球转向外下,复视]sphincterpupil,ciliarym.(瞳孔括约肌,睫状肌)IIIsuperiorbranch(上支)IIIinferiorbranch(下支)sup.orbitalfissure(眶上裂)21N脑神经Ⅲ.TheOculomotorNerve(动眼神经)GSE,GVE21N脑神经Ⅳ.TheTrochlearNerve(滑车神经)GSE

midbrain(中脑)背侧superioroblique（上斜肌）sup.orbitalfissure(眶上裂)21N脑神经Ⅵ.TheAbducentNerve(展神经)GSEpons（脑桥）lateralrectus（外直肌）[strabismus斜视][diplepia(doublevision)复视]sup.orbitalfissure(眶上裂)21N脑神经

maxillaryn(上颌神经)

ophthalmicn(眼神经)

mandibularnerve(下颌n)pons(脑桥)lacrimn(泪腺)frontal(额)nnasociliary(鼻睫)n眶上神经lacrimalgland(泪腺)鼻背,腔,筛窦,眼球额皮infraorbital(眶下)nsup.alveolar(上牙槽)nauriculotemporalnbuccal(颊)nlingual(舌)ninf.alveolarn眼口间皮肤上牙,牙龈颞部皮肤颊部皮肤,粘膜舌前2/3一般感觉Taste.舌前2/3味觉mental颏n下唇皮肤lowerteeth下牙,牙龈masticat.brs(咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌[trigeminalneuralgia

三叉神经痛][trigeminalnerveblock三叉神经封闭]

鼓索下颌舌骨肌NZygomaticn.(颧神经)颧部皮肤滑车上神经VIIⅤ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神经)GSA,SVEGanglion(三叉神经节)21N脑神经Ⅴ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神经)GSA,SVE21N脑神经Ⅴ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神经)GSA,SVE21N脑神经Ⅴ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神经)GSA,SVE21N脑神经

maxillaryn(上颌神经)

ophthalmicn(眼神经)

mandibularnerve(下颌n)pons(脑桥)lacrimn(泪腺)frontal(额)nnasociliary(鼻睫)n眶上神经lacrimalgland(泪腺)鼻背,腔,筛窦,眼球额皮infraorbital(眶下)nsup.alveolar(上牙槽)nauriculotemporalnbuccal(颊)nlingual(舌)ninf.alveolarn眼口间皮肤上牙,牙龈颞部皮肤颊部皮肤,粘膜舌前2/3一般感觉Taste.舌前2/3味觉mental颏n下唇皮肤lowerteeth下牙,牙龈masticat.brs(咀嚼肌支)mastic.mm.咀嚼肌[trigeminalneuralgia

三叉神经痛][trigeminalnerveblock三叉神经封闭]

鼓索下颌舌骨肌NZygomaticn.(颧神经)颧部皮肤滑车上神经VIIⅤ.TheTrigeminalNerve(三叉神经)GSA,SVEGanglion(三叉神经节)21N脑神经CNI.TheOlfactoryNerve(SVA)

olfactorybulb

I

olfactoryfilaments(I)

olfactorycellsCNII.TheOpticNerve(SSA)

opticchiasma

II

ganglionic

cells

bipolarcells

rod&conecellsCNIII.TheOculomotorNerve(GSE,GVE)

superiorbr.

superiorrectus,levatorpalpebraesuperioris

inferiorbr.

inf.rectus,medialrectus,&inferiorobliqueCNIV.TheTrochlearNerve(GSE)midbrainIV

superiorobliqueCNV.TheTrigeminalNerve(GSA,GVA,SVE)Ⅴganglion

1.

ophthalmicn.(V1)

lacrimaln.

lacrimalgland

frontaln.supraorbitaln.

frontalskin

supratrochlearn.

frontalskin

nasociliaryn.

nose,eyeball,ðmoidalsinus

SummaryofCNI-VI21N脑神经

2.

maxillaryn.(V2)

infraorbitaln.

skinbetweeneyeandmouthzygomaticn.

zygomaticskin

pterygopalatinen.

nasalcavity,palatine&tonsil

superioralveolarn.

superiorteeth

3

mandibularn.(V3)

auriculotemporaln.

temporalskin

buccaln.

buccalskinandmucosa

lingualn.

anterior2/3partoftongue

inferioralveolarn.mentaln.

mentalskin

inferiorteeth,gingiva

submandibularganglion

mylohyoidanddigastricmm.

masticatorybranches

masticatorymm.

CNVI.TheAbducentNerve(GSE)ponsVI

lateralrectusmSummaryofCNI-VI21N脑神经[facialparalysis面神经瘫][facialspasm面痉挛]VII.TheFacialNerve(面神经)

SVE,SVA,GSA,GVEpons(脑桥)延髓沟geniculateganglion(膝神经节)VIIVIIstapedius(镫骨肌)tasteofanterior2/3oftongue(舌前味觉)facialmm.(面肌)Lingualn(舌神经)tympanicchord(鼓索)temporalbranches(颞支)zygomaticbranches(颧支)buccalbranches(颊支)marginalmandibul.br(下颌缘)cervicalbranch(颈支)V1lacrimalnlacrimalglandnasalglandspalatineglands(泪,鼻腔,腭腺)submandibulargland,

sublingualgland(下颌下腺,舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreaterpetrosal

n(岩大神经)腭,蝶腭Nstapedialn(镫骨肌神经)21N脑神经VII.TheFacialNerve(面神经)SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE21N脑神经[facialparalysis面神经瘫][facialspasm面痉挛]VII.TheFacialNerve(面神经)

SVE,SVA,GSA,GVEpons(脑桥)延髓沟geniculateganglion(膝神经节)VIIVIIstapedius(镫骨肌)tasteofanterior2/3oftongue(舌前味觉)facialmm.(面肌)Lingualn(舌神经)tympanicchord(鼓索)temporalbranches(颞支)zygomaticbranches(颧支)buccalbranches(颊支)marginalmandibul.br(下颌缘)cervicalbranch(颈支)V1lacrimalnlacrimalglandnasalglandspalatineglands(泪,鼻腔,腭腺)submandibulargland,

sublingualgland(下颌下腺,舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreaterpetrosal

n(岩大神经)腭,蝶腭Nstapedialn(镫骨肌神经)21N脑神经

VII.TheFacialNerve(面神经)

SVE,

SVA,

GSA,

GVE21N脑神经

VII.TheFacialNerve(面神经)

SVE,

SVA,

GSA,

GVE21N脑神经[facialparalysis面神经瘫][facialspasm面痉挛]VII.TheFacialNerve(面神经)

SVE,SVA,GSA,GVEpons(脑桥)延髓沟geniculateganglion(膝神经节)VIIVIIstapedius(镫骨肌)tasteofanterior2/3oftongue(舌前味觉)facialmm.(面肌)Lingualn(舌神经)tympanicchord(鼓索)temporalbranches(颞支)zygomaticbranches(颧支)buccalbranches(颊支)marginalmandibul.br(下颌缘)cervicalbranch(颈支)V1lacrimalnlacrimalglandnasalglandspalatineglands(泪,鼻腔,腭腺)submandibulargland,

sublingualgland(下颌下腺,舌下腺)pterygo-palatinegangliongreaterpetrosal

n(岩大神经)腭,蝶腭Nstapedialn(镫骨肌神经)21N脑神经VII.TheFacialNerve(面神经)SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE21N脑神经VII.TheFacialNerve(面神经)SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE21N脑神经macullaeofsaccule(椭圆囊)macullaeofutricle(球囊)ampullarycrest(壶腹嵴)Ⅷ.TheVestibulocochlearNerve(前庭蜗神经)SSA[nervousdeafness神经性耳聋]brainstem(脑干)延髓脑桥沟vestibularn.(前庭神经)cochlearn.(蜗神经)vestibularganglion(前庭神经节)spiralganglion(螺旋神经节)头位置觉听觉spiralorgans（螺旋器）Int.acous.meatus&pore(内耳道,内耳门)21N脑神经Ⅷ.TheVestibulocochlearNerve(前庭蜗神经)SSA21N脑神经Ⅸ.TheGlossopharyngealNerve(舌咽神经)

SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA

IXmedullaoblongata(延髓)sup.ganglioninf.gangliontympanicn(鼓室N)

oticgangparotidgland(腮腺)carotidsinusbranchcarotidsinus&glomuslingualbr(舌支)post.1/3oftongue(tastepharynxstylopharyngealbr(茎突咽肌支)stylopharyn.(茎突咽肌)tonsillarbr.(扁桃体支)palantinetonsil(腭扁桃体)post.auricularbr(耳后支)pharyngealmm.pharyngealbranch(咽支)post.auricul.skin(耳后皮肤)&othersensory)21N脑神经Ⅸ.TheGlossopharyngealNerve(舌咽神经)SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA21N脑神经Ⅹ.TheVagusNerve(迷走神经)

SVE,GVE,GVA,GSAmedullaoblongataXLsup.ganglioninf.ganglionsup.laryng.n(喉上N)phary.br.(咽支)rd.br.(颈上心支)rd.br.(颈下心支)rec.laryng.n.(喉返N)inf.laryng.n(喉下N)bronc.br.(支气管支)esophag.br.(食管支)ant.vagaltr.(前干)post.vagaltr.(后干)int.br.(内支)laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜)cricothyroideus(环甲肌)phary.mm(咽肌)&mucosa(粘膜)cardiacplexus(心丛)heartmm(心肌)laryng.mm喉肌&mucosa(粘膜)esoph.br(食管支)trac.br(气管支)食管腺,肌气管腺,肌&mucosa(粘膜)&mucosa(粘膜)hepat.br.(肝支)ant.gast.br(胃前支)post.gast.br(胃后支)celiacbr.(腹腔支)hepat.plxgast.plxgast.plxceliacplx肝腺,肌senssenssenssens胃腺,肌胃腺,肌肠腺,肌pulmonaryplxesoph.plx支气管腺,肌食管腺,肌&mucosa(粘膜)&mucosa(粘膜)sense耳支耳廓,硬脑膜ext.br.(外支)R21N脑神经Ⅹ.TheVagusNerve(迷走神经)21N脑神经XI.TheAccessoryNerve(副神经)SVE

Medullaoblongata(脑干)spinalcord(脊髓)sterno-cleido-mastoideus(胸锁乳突肌)

trapezius(斜方肌)pharyngealmm.laryngealmm(咽喉肌)spinalroot(脊根)XIcranialroot(颅根21N脑神经XII.TheHypoglossalNerve(舌下神经)GSEmedullaoblongata(延髓)XIIlingualbranches(舌支)mmoftongue(舌肌)descendingbr(降支)ansacervicalis(颈袢)infrahyoidmm(舌骨下肌群)cervicalplexus(颈丛)hypoglossalcanal舌下神经管C1C2C3[paralysisoftonguemm.舌肌瘫痪](伸舌时舌歪向患侧)21N脑神经SummaryofCNVII-XIICNVII.TheFacialNerve(SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA)pons

VII

geniculategangliondeeppetrosal

n.

greaterpetrosaln.

n.ofpterygoidcanal

pterygopalatineganglion

lacrimalgland1.stapedialnerve

stapedius2.tympanicchord

lingualn.

tasteofanterior2/3oftongue

ganglion

submandibular&sublingualgland3.temporalbranches

frontalmuscle,orbicularisoculi

4.zygomaticbranches

zygomaticus,orbicularisoculi5.buccalbranches

buccinator,musclesaroundthemouth6.

marginalmandibularbranch

musclesoflowerlip

7.

cervicalbranch

platysma

8.

posteriorauricularn.

auricularmusclesandoccipitalisCNVIII.TheVestibulocochlearNerve(SSA)1.vestibularn.

vestibularganglion

maculaeofsaccule&utricle,ampullarycrest2.cochlearn.

cochlearganglion

spiralorgans21N脑神经SummaryofCNVII-XIICNIX.TheGlossopharyngealNerve)(SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA)

superiorganglion

parotidgland

oticganglion│

inferiorganglion

tympanicn.

tympanicplexus

lessorpetrosaln1.

carotidsinusbranch

carotidsinus&carotidglomus

2.

lingualbranches

posterior1/3oftongue(tasteandothersensory)3.

pharyngealbranch

pharyngealmucous

4.

stylopharyngealbranch

stylopharyngeus5.

tonsillarbranch

palatinetonsil6.

pos